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Myopia: zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvekuona zviri pedyo
Myopia: chii ichocho?
La myopia hachisi chirwere asi a zvakashata iyo inoratidzirwa na kuona kwepedyo asi kuona kwakajeka kudzidzisa kubva kure. Inobata chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevakuru muEurope neNorth America, myopia ndiyo inonyanya kuoneka, uye kupararira kwayo kuri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Zvinowanzoonekwa pazera rechikoro (muhuduku kana kuyaruka) uye anofambira mberi kusvika pakukura, uko kunowanzogadzikana. Imwe myopias yakasimba, inonzi myopia "zvirwere", zvinosuruvarisa inoshanduka muhupenyu hwose.
Iripo mazinga akasiyana e myopia kusiyanisa kubva pane chimwe chidzidzo kuenda kune chimwe izvo zvinoita kuti a chirango chekuona zvakanyanya kana zvishoma zvakakosha. "Chiedza" vanhu vane myopia havasungirwe kugadzirisa myopia zvachose asi mumamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi kana anodiwa akadai sekutyaira, kuenda kubhaisikopo, nezvimwe ... Vamwe vanozotadza kuona zvakanyanya, kunyangwe pedyo.
Mu ophthalmology, kuoma kwezvikanganiso zve refractive (kusanganisira myopia) kunoyerwa muma diopters. Nechibvumirano, dhigirii remyopia rinotsanangurwa nechiratidzo che "minus", kubva semuenzaniso kubva -0,25 kusvika -2,50 diopters ye myopia nyoro, - 2,75 kusvika -6 diopters ye myopia yepakati, -6 diopters uye pamusoro nokuda myopia yakasimba.
Ndiani anobatwa ne myopia?
Kuwanda kwe myopia muvanhu vakasiyana kunosiyana nezera,Geographic kwakabva, Uyemhepo mvura nenzvimbo. MuFrance, maererano neHaute Autorité de Santé (HAS), 29% yevagari vemo vari kuona pedyo. Uyu ndiwo zvakare nhamba inowanikwa muNorth America.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nyika dzeAsia dzinotapurwa zvikuru: 80 kusvikira ku90% yavana vezera rechikoro havaoni zvakanaka mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomumaguta dzeChina, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, kana kuti kunyange South Korea. Pakati pavo, 10 kusvika ku20% vane myopia yakakwirira, iyo inogona kutungamirira matambudziko makuva.
Zvinoenderana nefungidziro dzinoverengeka, 2,5 bhiriyoni vanhu (chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehuwandu hwepasirese) vachange vachiona pedyo muna 2020, zvichienzaniswa ne1,6 bhiriyoni nhasi.2.
Zvinokonzera myopia
Mune ziso rakajairika, mufananidzo wezvinhu unoratidzwa paretina (rudzi rwe "photographic film" iri kuseri kweziso). Kornea nelenzi, malenzi ari pamberi peziso, anoshanda kuburitsa mufananidzo wakapinza paretina.
Muchiitiko che myopia, pfungwa yekupinza haisi pa retina, asi pamberi payo. Kazhinji kazhinji, chiitiko ichi chine hukama nebhora reziso rakareba. Tinobva tataura nezvazvo axile myopia.
Kunyanya kashoma, kuwandisa kwe cornea kunogonawo kubatanidzwa. Muzviitiko zvose, mufananidzo wezvinhu zviri kure unoratidzika wakasviba, nokuti lens haigoni kubhadhara.
Zvikonzero zve myopia zviri zviviri genetic et zvinetso, asi havanyatsozivikanwi. Parizvino, anopfuura 20 genetic nzvimbo dzakaonekwa uye dzinogona kunge dziine majini anobatanidzwa mumyopia3. Maererano nezvimwe zvidzidzo, anopfuura 70 majini anoita basa mu abnormalities of the kuramba1. Mamwe eaya magene kodhi yekukura zvinhu, kana kunyange zvezvinhu zve ocular matrix2.
Zvisinei, sezvo kuwanda kwe myopia kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera pasi rose, vatsvakurudzi vari kuona kuti zvinhu zvezvakatipoteredza zvinoitawo basa rinokosha mukukura kwechirwere ichi chekuona. Maererano neongororo yazvino4, kushayikwa kwekusangana nechiedza chezuva inovhiringidza kukura kweziso uye inogona kukurudzira myopia. Mararamiro azvino (mitambo yemavhidhiyo, kuverenga, masikirini, zviitiko zvishoma zvekunze, nezvimwewo) zvinofanirwa kudziviswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Nzira uye zvinogona kuitika
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, axile myopia inogadzirisa pachayo zvakanaka uye inogadziriswa, haiiti dambudziko muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kazhinji inodzikama kutenderera zera re25 uye kazhinji haipfuure -6 diopters.
Zvisinei, mamwe myopia ari kufambira mberi (inonziwo myopia zvirwere) uye haitsigire. Vanoda kutariswa nguva dzose nachiremba wemaziso, uye kugadziridzwa kwekugadziriswa kwemaziso.
Mukuwedzera, myopia (kunyanya kana yakasimba) inobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekuwedzera kwezvirwere zvemaziso zvakakomba.1kusanganisira:
- un retinal boka izvo zvinogona kukonzera upofu;
- glaucoma (kuora kweoptic nerve);
- cataracts (clouding of the lens);
- kubuda ropa kubva ku macula (nzvimbo yepakati ye retina).
Pakupedzisira, zvakakosha kuziva kuti havasi vanhu vose vari munyika vanobatsirwa nekugadzirisa kwakakwana kwekuona. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 150 miriyoni vanhu vari pasi pano vanotambura nekusagadziriswa zvikanganiso zve refractive, 8 miriyoni avo vanoonekwa semapofu.2.
Zviratidzo zve myopia ndezvi:
- a kurasikirwa kwekuona kwekuona kubva kure (Izwi rekuti “kure” rine hukama. Kuona kungatanga kudzima kubva pamakumi mashoma emasendimita kure kana paine myopia yakakwira);
- a zvinoda kuswedera pedyo kuti uone zvakajeka (ichi ndicho chimwe chezviratidzo zvinonyatsozivikanwa zvekutanga myopia);
- kuoma kuona paunenge uchityaira motokari, iyo inonyanya kuipa kune iwe uye kune vamwe;
- dzimwe nguva musoro.
Low myopia inoonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinhu zviri kure zvinoonekwa zvakasvibirira, nepo zvinhu zviri pedyo zvichiramba zviri crispy.
Kazhinji, vana vane myyopic kana vechidiki vanonetseka kuverenga zvakanyorwa pabhodhi kana vakagara kuseri kwekirasi. Kuverenga zvikwangwani zviri kure kana mazita emigwagwa zvinova zvakaoma.
Chirwere chemyopia, kana kuti myopia yakasimba, inotanga kare muhuduku. Inoshanduka nekukurumidza, muhupenyu hwese, uye haina kugadzikana mukukura. Inogona kusvika - 30 diopters. Kunyanya iyi mhando ye myopia inokonzera kukanganisa (retinal detachment, glaucoma, kutanga kwecataract, upofu).
Vanhu vari pangozi ye myopia
Myopia inonyanya kuzivikanwa:
- mune dzimwe mhuri, nokuti zvikonzero zve genetic. Vana vane mubereki mumwe kana kuti vose vari vaviri vanoona zviri pedyo vane mukana mukuru wokuona zviri pedyo kupfuura vamwe.
- muvanhu verudzi rweCaucasian neAsia, uye kushomeka kune avo vedzinza reAfrica1.
Zvinhu zvinotyisa
Zvakati wandei zvakatipoteredza zvinoita sekuwedzera njodzi ye myopia:
- le nguva shoma inopedzwa kunze panguva yehuduku5, uye naizvozvo kushayikwa kwekuratidzwa kwezuva;
- kunyanya kuita mamwe mabasa ekumanikidza maziso kuti shandai nesimba, sekuverenga, kuruka, mimwe mitambo yemavhidhiyo, nezvimwe… 2;
- Iko kudiwa kwakasimba kwebasa repedyo panguva yehuduku uye kuyaruka: tinotaura nezvechikoro myopia.
Maonero echiremba wedu
Sechikamu chemabatiro ayo emhando yepamusoro, Passeportsanté.net inokukoka iwe kuti uwane maonero eanachiremba. Dr Jacques Allard, mukuru wevashandi, anokupa maonero ake pane iyo myopia :
Myopia ndiyo inonyanya kuoneka kusagadzikana uye kupararira kwayo kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Inowanzoonekwa pazera rechikoro uye zvakakosha kuibata nekukurumidza sezvinobvira. Kana kuomerwa kwako kuona uri kure kwakanyorwa zvekuti kukutadzisa kuita basa kana kukutadzisa kutora mukana wakakwana wezvimwe zviitiko, bvunza chiremba wemaziso (Optometrist kuQuebec kana ophthalmologist kuFrance). Uye zvakare, kana iwe usingatambudzike nekukanganiswa kwekuona, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utange waongororwa maziso ako pamakore makumi mana uye nguva nenguva mushure memakore maviri kusvika mana ega ega pakati pemakore makumi mana nemakumi mashanu nemana, 40 kusvika kumakore matatu ega ega. 2 uye 4 makore, uye makore 40 kusvika ku54 mushure memakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Dr. Jacques Allard MD FCMFC |