A neuroblastoma ndeimwe yemamota akasimba akajairika muvana. Tinotaura nezve extra-cerebral malignant bundu nekuti rinotangira mutsinga asi harigarike muuropi. Nzira dzinoverengeka dzekurapa dzinogona kutariswa zvichienderana nenyaya.

Tsanangudzo yeneuroblastoma

A neuroblastoma rudzi rwegomarara. Iri bundu rakashata rine hunyanzvi hwekukura pamwero weuroblasts, ari madiki etsinga masero etsitsi anonzwira tsitsi. Iyo yekupedzisira inoumba imwe yembiru nhatu dzeautonomic tsinga system inotungamira mabasa akasarudzika echipenyu akadai sekufema uye kugaya.

A neuroblastoma inogona kukura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwegomarara rinowanzoonekwa mudumbu pamwero weadrenal glands (iri pamusoro peitsvo), pamwe chete nemuzongoza. Zvizhinji kashoma, zvinogona kuitika mumutsipa, thorax kana pelvis (small pelvis).

Sezvo inokura, neuroblastoma inogona kukonzera metastasis. Aya ndiwo echipiri kenza: masero ekutanga bundu anopukunyuka uye anotora mamwe matishu uye / kana nhengo.

Classification des neuroblastomes

Cancers inogona kugoverwa maererano nezvakawanda parameters. Semuenzaniso, staging inobatsira kuongorora huwandu hwegomarara. Munyaya ye neuroblastoma, marudzi maviri ekugadzirisa anoshandiswa.

Danho rekutanga ndiro rinonyanya kushandiswa. Inoisa neuroblastomas kubva kumatanho 1 kusvika 4 uye inosanganisirawo imwe nhanho 4s. Uku ndiko kupatsanurwa nekuomarara, kubva padiki kusvika kune yakanyanya kuoma:

• zvikamu 1 kusvika ku3 zvinoenderana nemafomu emunharaunda;
• nhanho 4 inoratidzira metastatic mafomu (kutama kwekenza maseru uye colonization yezvimwe zvimiro mumuviri);
• nhanho 4s imhando chaiyo inoratidzwa ne metastases muchiropa, ganda uye mwongo.

Chikamu chechipiri chinewo 4 nhanho: L1, L2, M, MS. Izvo hazviiti chete kuti zvikwanise kusiyanisa yenzvimbo (L) kubva kune metastatic (M) mafomu, asiwo kufunga nezvezvimwe zvekuvhiya njodzi zvinhu.

Zvinokonzera neuroblastome

Kufanana nemamwe marudzi mazhinji egomarara, neuroblastomas ine mavambo ayo asati anyatsosimbiswa.

Kusvika iye zvino, zvakaonekwa kuti kukura kweuroblastoma kunogona kukonzerwa kana kufarirwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingawanzo:

• mhando 1 neurofibromatosis, kana chirwere cheRecklinghausen, icho chinokanganisa mukugadzirwa kweneural tissue;
• Chirwere cheHirschsprung chinova chikonzero chekusavapo kwetsinga ganglia mumadziro emukati;
• Ondine syndrome, kana congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, iyo inoratidzirwa nekusavapo kwekuzvarwa kwepakati pekutonga kwekufema uye kupararira kukuvadza kune autonomic nervous system.

Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, neuroblastoma yakaonekwawo muvanhu vane:

• Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome iyo inoratidzirwa nekukura zvakanyanya uye kuremara kwekuzvarwa;
• Di-George syndrome, kukanganisa kwekuzvarwa mumakromosomes izvo zvinowanzokonzera kukanganisa kwemoyo, dysmorphism yechiso, kunonoka kwekukura uye immunodeficiency.

Diagnostic du neuroblastome

Rudzi urwu rwegomarara runogona kufungidzirwa nekuda kwezvimwe zviratidzo zvekiriniki. Kuongororwa kweNeuroblastoma kunogona kusimbiswa uye kudzika ne:

• weti bvunzo iyo inoongorora mazinga emamwe metabolites ayo excretion inowedzera panguva neuroblastoma (eg homovanilic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), dopamine);
• kufungidzira kwebundu rekutanga ne ultrasound, CT scan kana MRI (magnetic resonance imaging);
• MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) scintigraphy, iyo inofananidzwa nekuongorora kwekufungidzira mumishonga yenyukireya;
• biopsy iyo inosanganisira kutora chimedu chematishu kuti chiongororwe, kunyanya kana gomarara richifungidzirwa.

Iyi miedzo inogona kushandiswa kusimbisa kuongororwa kweuroblastoma, kuyera hukuru hwayo uye kutarisa kuvapo kana kusavapo kwemasastases.

Neuroblastomas inowanzoitika mucheche nevana vaduku. Vanomiririra 10% yekenza yevana uye 15% yemamota akaipa muvana vari pasi pemakore mashanu. Gore rega rega, nyaya dzinosvika zana nemakumi masere dzinoonekwa muFrance.

• Asymptomatic: A neuroblastoma inogona kusaonekwa, kunyanya panguva yayo yekutanga. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zveneuroblastoma zvinonyanya kuonekwa kana bundu richipararira.
• Kurwadziwa kwenzvimbo: Kukura kweuroblastoma kunowanzo kuperekedzwa nekurwadziwa munzvimbo yakakanganiswa.
• Kuzvimba kwenzvimbo: Bundu, bundu, kana kuzvimba zvinogona kuoneka munzvimbo yakabatwa.
• Kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu ose: A neuroblastoma inovhiringidza kushanda kwakakodzera kwehurongwa hwemagetsi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwechido, kuora muviri, kukura zvishoma nezvishoma.

Parizvino, kurapa kukuru kutatu kunogona kuitwa:

• kuvhiyiwa kubvisa bundu;
• radiation therapy, iyo inoshandisa mwaranzi kuparadza masero ekenza;
• chemotherapy, iyo inoshandisa makemikari kuderedza kukura kwekenza masero.

Mushure mekurapa kwataurwa pamusoro, stem cell transplant inogona kuiswa panzvimbo yekudzoreredza kushanda kwakanaka kwemuviri.

Immunotherapy inzira nyowani yekurapa cancer. Inogona kunge iri mubatsiri kana imwe nzira kune marapirwo ataurwa pamusoro apa. Kutsvakurudza kwakawanda kuri kuitwa. Chinangwa che immunotherapy ndechekusimudzira dziviriro yemuviri kurwisa kukura kwemasero egomarara.

Kwakabva neuroblastomas kunoramba kusinganzwisisike kusvika nhasi. Hapana nzira yekudzivirira yaigona kuzivikanwa.

Kudzivirirwa kwematambudziko kunoenderana nekutanga kuongororwa. Dzimwe nguva zvinogoneka kuona neuroblastoma panguva yeantenatal ultrasound. Zvikasadaro, kungwarira kwakakosha mushure mekuzvarwa. Nguva dzose kuongororwa kwechiremba kwemwana kunokosha.