Nitrogen fertilizer
Muchirimo uye muhafu yekutanga yezhizha, zvinomera zvinoda nitrogen - ndiye ane basa rekukura nekukura. Nokudaro, panguva ino, nitrogen fertilizer inodiwa mubindu uye bindu remiriwo. Asi vakasiyana. Ngationei kuti ndeapi marudzi aripo uye mashandisirwo awo.

Chii chinonzi nitrogen fertilizer

Aya mafetireza ane nitrogen yakawanda (1). Inogona kuva iyo chete chikafu, kana mune imwe inoperekedza zvinovaka muviri, asi nitrogen mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu inokunda.

Sezvo nitrogen yakanyanya kufamba muvhu, kazhinji haina kukwana kune zvirimwa. Nokudaro, nitrogen fertilizer ndeimwe yeanonyanya kukosha.

Kukosha kweNitrogen Fertilizer

Nitrogen fetereza ine mabasa akati wandei akakosha.

Wedzera kukura kwechirimwa. Nitrogen chikamu cheDNA, RNA uye mapuroteni, ndiko kuti, mu "zvidhinha" zvose kubva kune chirimwa chinogadzirwa, pane nitrogen. Kana nitrogen yakawanda, zvirimwa zvinokurumidza kuwedzera uremu.

Wedzera kubereka. Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti nitrogen inokonzera kukura, phosphorus yemaruva, uye potasium yekubereka. Kazhinji, ichi ichokwadi. Asi nitrogen inoitawo basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa: inowedzera hukuru kwete kwete chete nhungirwa nemashizha, asiwo maruva nemichero. Uye iyo yakakura muchero, inowedzera goho. Uyezve, chinhu ichi chinowedzera kwete kukura kwemiriwo nemichero chete, asiwo hutano hwavo. Uye nekuda kwenitrogen, maruva emaruva anoiswa. Kuwanda kwavo, kunowedzera zvibereko.

Anoporesa maronda pamiti. Kazhinji mushure mekuchekerera, kunyanya mushure meiyo yakasimba, nzvimbo dzekucheka uye kucheka hazvipore kwenguva yakareba. Somugumisiro, kuoma kwechando kwemiti kunoderera: miti yakatemwa zvikuru inogona kuoma zvishoma munguva yechando. Uye pamatanda akaomeswa, kenza yakasviba nezvimwe zvirwere pakarepo "gara pasi". Apa ndipo kana pasina nitrogen yakakwana. Saka, mushure mekucheka, bindu rinofanira kudyiswa nenitrogen:

  • yekutanga kupfeka kwepamusoro kunoitwa munaEpril: 0,5 mabhakiti emupfudze wakaora kana 1 - 2 kg yehuku manyowa pa 1 sq. M pedyo nedenderedzwa re trunk;
  • yechipiri - mukutanga kwaJune: mafetiraiza akafanana mumadhora akafanana.

Panzvimbo pezvisikwa, unogona kushandisa mineral fertilizer - ammophoska kana ammonium nitrate (maererano nemirayiridzo).

Kurumidza fruiting. Zvinoitika kuti miti yemapuro kana mapeya anogara panzvimbo iyi kwemakore, achishingaira kukura uye pasi, asi haadi kutumbuka. Makore mashanu, manomwe, gumi anopfuura, uye zvakadaro hapana kukohwa. Nitrogen fertilizer ichabatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro acho. Kuti ikurumidze kutumbuka kweapuro uye pear miti, inofanirwa kuiswa kaviri:

  • yekutanga - pakutanga kwekukura kwepfuti: 40 - 50 g per trunk denderedzwa yemuti wemuapuro wechidiki;
  • yechipiri - kusati kwapera kukura kwepfuti (pakupera kwaJune): 80 - 120 g per trunk denderedzwa.

Inokodzera ammonium nitrate kana urea. Asi yeuka: iyi chiyero chakanyanya uye hazvibviri kushandisa huwandu hwakadaro hwefetireza kune yakaoma nyika! Inofanira kutanga yadiridzwa, yozoiswa mupfudze, yozodiridzwa zvakare.

Mhando nemazita enitrogen fertilizer

Nitrogen fertilizer yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:

  • organic;
  • chicherwa.

Boka rekutanga rinosanganisira manyowa uye zvinobva zvaro (mullein infusion, humus, nevamwe). Asi mineral nitrogen fertilizer, zvakare, yakakamurwa kuva mapoka mana:

  • amide (urea);
  • ammonia (ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium sulfide);
  • ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate);
  • nitrate (sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate).

Kushandiswa kwenitrogen fertilizer

Nitrogen fertilizer, sekutonga, inoshandiswa kubva pakutanga kwechirimo kusvika pakupera kwaJuly - haigoni kushandiswa gare gare, nokuti inokonzera kukura kwemashizha akasvibirira, pane izvo zvinomera zvinoshandisa simba razvo rose kukuvadza kukohwa. Uye mumiti iri pedyo nemakwenzi, kunonoka kushandiswa kwe nitrogen kunonoka kukura kwemashizha, havana nguva yekukura, izvo zvinoderedza kusimba kwechando kwemiti (2).

Chinosasirwa mupfudze mutsva. Inoshandiswa mukuwa sezvo yakanyanyisa uye inogona kupisa midzi. Uye munguva yechando, inoora zvishoma uye inova yakachengeteka kune zvirimwa.

Nitrogen fertilizer inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chikuru chefetiraiza - inoshandiswa muchirimo chekuchera, sepamusoro kupfeka muzhizha - nekudiridza, uye imwe mineral - yekupfekedza foliar pamashizha.

Zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zve nitrogen fertilizer

Nitrojeni mafetiraiza akasiyana kwazvo, imwe neimwe ine yayo chaiyo yakanakira nezvayakaipira, asi panewo zvakajairika pfungwa.

zvayakanakira

Zvakanaka soluble mumvura. Mafetireza mazhinji enitrogen anonyungudika mumvura, saka anogona kushandiswa sechipfeko chepamusoro nekudiridza kana semucheka wepamusoro wekupfapfaidza foliar.

Vanokurumidza kutorwa nemiti. Mhedzisiro yekushandiswa kwavo inouya nekukurumidza - mumazuva mashoma.

nezvayakaipira

Kana nitrogen fertilizer yakashandiswa zvakanaka, maererano nemirayiridzo, saka hapana matambudziko navo. Asi kana zvinomera zvakanyanyisa ne nitrogen, migumisiro inogona kuva isingafadzi.

Zvirimwa zviri kufutisa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuonekwa pamiriwo yemichero - makomkomere, tomate nezvimwe. Vanoenda kumashizha, asi hapana michero. Iyo inokorawo mbatatisi - haina kuumba tubers.

Zvibereko, bheri uye perennials inotonhora zvishoma. Kana muhafu yechipiri yezhizha iwe wakafukidzira zvirimwa nenitrogen, zvinokwanisika kuti ivo vachaomesa zvishoma. Kunyangwe munguva dzechando dzakadzikama.

Kuderera kwekuoma kwechando kunobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwemvura muhuputi. Saka zviri nani kuti usaseke nenitrogen - unofanirwa kutevedzera madhizi uye mazwi.

Zvibereko, tubers uye mababu zvakachengetwa zvakanyanya. Mbatatisi yakawandisa uye maapuro haazorevi nhema kwenguva refu - ivo vanokurumidza kuora.

Zvirimwa zvinonyanya kubatwa nezvirwere uye zvipembenene. Kana pane zvirimwa zviviri mubindu - imwe inogadzirwa maererano nemitemo, uye yechipiri yakanyanyisa, saka, semuenzaniso, aphid uye powdery mildew inotanga kurwisa chirimwa chakanyanyisa.

Nitrates inounganidza mumichero uye miriwo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana chirimwa chisina chiedza chakakwana. Semuenzaniso, miriwo inodyarwa pasi pemiti.

Nenzira, nitrate, iyo inogara ichitityisa, haina ngozi. Zvakawanda zvine ngozi kupfuura nitrite. Pakunyanya kukwira kwenitrogen, nitrosamines inounganawo muzvirimwa, uye izvi zvinokonzera kenza.

Kushandiswa kwenitrogen fertilizer mubindu uye bindu remuriwo

Mubindu, mineral nitrogen fertilizer inowanzoiswa mukutanga kwechirimo - pakutanga kwebud break. Kana nzvimbo iri pasi pemiti isina chinhu, kune ivhu chete, saka ivo vakapararira zvakaenzana mumativi e-stem uye akaiswa muvhu nerake. Kana paine lawn kana turf pasi pemiti, inongopararira pamusoro pepamusoro.

Mubindu, mineral nitrogen fertilizer inoshandiswawo muchirimo, yekuchera nzvimbo. Mune ramangwana, iyo inoshandiswa sezvipfeko - inonyungudutswa mumvura uye inonwisa pamusoro pemiriwo. Kana kuti vanopfapfaidzwa pamashizha kana zvinomera zvichiratidza zviratidzo zvakajeka zvekushayikwa kwenitrogen.

Mupfudze mutsva mubindu uye mubindu unounzwa mukudonha kwekuchera (kunze kwemapindu ane lawn kana turf - havashandisi manyowa ipapo). Humus inogona kuwedzerwa kumakomba pakarepo usati wadyarwa kana kushandiswa semuchubhu wemibhedha uye hunde yemiti nemakwenzi.

Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti mafetireza enitrogen anoshanda zvakanyanya muvhu nyoro (3).

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takapindura mibvunzo inonyanya kufarirwa nezve nitrogen fertilizer agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvinokwanisika here kushandisa nitrogen fertilizer munguva yekudonha?

Nitrogen fertilizer inofamba zvikuru - inokurumidza kushambidzwa muzvikamu zvakaderera zvevhu nemvura inonaya uye yakanyunguduka, uye kubva ipapo zvinomera hazvigoni kuzviwana. Nokudaro, nitrogen fertilizer haisi kushandiswa muvhuvhu - ichi chiito chisina maturo. Chinhu chimwe chete ndechemupfudze mutsva - zvinotora nguva yekuora, uye nguva yechando inowanzokwana kune izvi.

Mafetereza enitrogen anogona kushandiswa pazvirimwa zvemukati here?

Izvo hazvigoneke chete - zvinodiwa, nekuti ivo vanokurawo, vanodawo nitrogen. Asi pano zvakakosha kusarudza mafetireza akakodzera. Zviri nani kusashandisa zvicherwa - madhasi avo anogara achiratidzwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakakura, inenge 1 sq. M, asi sei kushandura iyi dhi muhuwandu hwehari? Uye kana muyero ukapfuura, midzi inogona kupisa.

 

Kune zvirimwa zvemukati, zviri nani kushandisa liquid organic fertilizer.

Ichokwadi here kuti nitrogen fertilizer inounganidza nitrate?

Hongu, ma nitrate anobva ku nitrogen. Zvisinei, vanounganidza chete kana mafetireza akashandiswa zvisina kunaka, semuenzaniso, anodarika muyero.

 

Nenzira, vagari vezhizha vazhinji vanotenda kuti nitrate inounganidza mumiriwo nemichero chete kana mineral nitrogen fertilizer inoshandiswa. Ichi hachisi chokwadi - ivo vanounganidzawo kubva kumapfudze uye kunyange kazhinji.

Zvitubu zve

  1. Kovalev ND, Atroshenko MD, Deconnor AV, Litvinenko AN Nheyo dzekurima nekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa // M., Selkhozizdat, 1663 - 567 p.
  2. Rubin SS Fertilizer yezvibereko uye berry zvirimwa // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
  3. Ulyanova MA, Vasilenko VI, Zvolinsky VP Basa renitrogen fertilizer mukurima kwemazuva ano // Sayenzi, teknolojia uye dzidzo, 2016 https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rol-azotnyh-udobreniy-v-sovremennom-selskom-hozyaystve

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