Otology ndiyo nyanzvi yekurapa yakazvipira kune rudo uye kusagadzikana kwezeve nekunzwa. Iyo subspecialty ye otolaryngology kana "ENT".

Otology inotarisira zvido zvenzeve:

• kunze, kunosanganisira pinna uye yekunze yekuongorora canal;
• svikiro, rakagadzirwa ne tympanum, ketani yemapfupa (sando, anvil, stirrup), mahwindo e labyrinthine uye eustachian tube;
• mukati, kana kuti cochlea, inova mutezo wokunzwa, unoumbwa nemigero yakati wandei.

Otology inotarisa kunyanya pakugadzirisa kusagadzikana kwekunzwa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika kamwe kamwe kana kufambira mberi, kwe "kutapurirana" (kukuvadza kunze kana kwenzeve yepakati) kana "kuona" (kukuvadza kwenzeve yomukati).

Otologist inobatanidzwa mukurapa zvirwere zvakawanda. Heino rondedzero isina-inoperera yezvinetso zvinogona kukanganisa nzeve kunyanya:

• kurasikirwa nekunzwa kana kusanzwa;
• nzeve (kurwadziwa nzeve);
• kuenzanisa kukanganisa, dzungu;
• Tinnitus.

Nezvikonzero zvakawanda zvinogoneka:

• zvirwere zvenzeve zvinowanzoitika (kusanganisira cholesteatoma, tympanosclerosis, nezvimwewo);
• kupera kwe eardrum;
• otosclerosis (ossification yezvinhu zvemukati zvenzeve);
• Meniere's disease ;
• neuronome;
• basa uye "chepfu" matsi;
• traumatic pathologies.

Pathologies ye ENT sphere inogona kubata chero munhu, asi pane zvimwe zvinozivikanwa zvengozi, pakati pevamwe, zera nekuti vana vanotapukirwa nehutachiona hwenzeve uye humwe hutachiona hweENT kupfuura vanhu vakuru.

Kuti usvike pakuongororwa uye kuona kwakabva kusagadzikana, iyo otologist:

• anobvunza murwere wake kuti azive mamiriro ezvinokanganisa, zuva ravakatanga uye maitiro avo ekutanga, dhigirii rekusagadzikana rakanzwika;
• inonyora kungoerekana kana kufambira mberi kwematsi, iyo inobatsira kutungamira kuongororwa;
• kuita kliniki yekuongorora kwekunze nzeve uye eardrum, uchishandisa otoscope;
• ingangoda mimwe miedzo (yekuongorora kurasikirwa nekunzwa kana dzungu):
• acumetry (bvunzo dzeWeber uye Rinne);
• audiometry (kuteerera kuburikidza nemahedhifoni mukamuri isina ruzha, pakati pevamwe);
• impedancemetry (kuongorora kwepakati nzeve uye eardrum);
• kuongororwa kwe vestibulo-ocular reflex kana paine dzungu;
• vestibular kuongorora maneuvers (semuenzaniso, kushandura nzvimbo yemurwere nekukurumidza kuti aedze kugona kwavo kutsungirira kufamba).

Kana chirwere chacho chaitwa, kurapwa kuchapiwa. Inogona kunge iri yekuvhiya, yekurapa kana kubatanidza prostheses kana implants.

Zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo, tinosiyanisa:

• kusanzwa kunyoro kana kushomeka kuri pasi pe30 dB;
• avhareji yekusanzwa, kana iri pakati pe30 ne60 dB;
• kusanzwa kwakanyanya, kana kuri pakati pe70 ne90 dB;
• kusanzwa kwakadzama kana kwakakura kupfuura 90 dB.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwematsi (maonero kana kutapurirana) uye kuomarara kwayo, otologist ichapa mazano akakodzera ekunzwa kana kuvhiyiwa.

Iva otologist muFrance

Kuti ave otolaryngologist, mudzidzi anofanira kuwana diploma yezvidzidzo zvakasiyana (DES) muENT uye kuvhiyiwa kwemusoro nemutsipa:

• anofanira kutanga kutevera, mushure mebaccalaureate yake, gore rinowanzozivikanwa muzvidzidzo zvehutano. Ziva kuti avhareji isingasviki makumi maviri muzana yevadzidzi vanokwanisa kuyambuka chiitiko ichi.
• iyo 4th, 5th uye 6th makore kuFaculty of Medicine inoumba clerkship.
• pakupera kwegore rechitanhatu, vadzidzi vanotora bvunzo dzemhando yenyika kuti vapinde muchikoro chebhodhingi. Zvichienderana nemhando yavo, vanozokwanisa kusarudza hunyanzvi hwavo uye nzvimbo yavo yekudzidzira. Iyo otolaryngology internship inotora makore mashanu.

Iva otologist muQuebec

Mushure mezvidzidzo zvekoreji, mudzidzi anofanira kuita doctorate mukurapa. Danho rekutanga iri rinotora 1 kana 4 gore (rine kana pasina gore rekugadzirira mushonga kune vadzidzi vanobvumirwa nekoreji kana yunivhesiti kudzidziswa kunoonekwa sekusina kukwana mune basic biological science.

Zvadaro, mudzidzi achafanirwa hunyanzvi nekutevera kugara muotolaryngology uye kuvhiyiwa kwemusoro nemutsipa (5 makore).

Usati waenda kumusangano neENT, zvakakosha kutora chero bvunzo dzekufungidzira kana biology dzakatoitwa.

Zvakakosha kucherechedza maitiro emarwadzo nezviratidzo (nguva, kutanga, kuwanda, nezvimwewo), kubvunza nezvenhoroondo yemhuri yako uye kuunza mishonga yakasiyana-siyana.

Kuti uwane chiremba weENT:

• muQuebec, unogona kutarisa webhusaiti yeAssociation d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et deirurgie cervico-faciale du Quebec3, iyo inopa dhairekitori renhengo dzavo.
• muFrance, kuburikidza newebhusaiti yeNational Council yeOrder of Physicians4 kana yeNational Syndicate yeVarapi Nyanzvi muENT uye Musoro uye Neck Surgery5, ine dhairekitori.

Kubvunzana neotolaryngologist kunovharwa neHealth Insurance (France) kana Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec.