Denda iri zoonosis inokonzerwa nehutachiona Yersinia pestis, iyo inowanzo pfuudzwa kubva kumakonzo kuenda kuvanhu nenhata, asiwo pakati pevanhu nenzira yekufema. Pasina yakakodzera uye inokurumidza kurapwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, maitiro ayo anouraya mu30% kusvika 60% yematambudziko (1).

Zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti "kufa kwevatema" kwakaparadza Europe muzana ramakore rechi 1920 kuchiri kungopisa mune mamwe matunhu epasi! MuFrance, zviitiko zvekupedzisira zvehosha zvakanyorwa muna 1945 muParis uye muna 50 muCorsica. Asi pasi rose, zvinopfuura zviuru zvezviitiko zvakataurwa kune WHO munyika makumi maviri nematanhatu kubvira pakutanga 000s (26).

Mumakore achangopfuura, kuwanda kwedenda kwakanyorwa neWorld Health Organisation, muDemocratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, China, Peru neMadagascar. Iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo nyika huru yekugara, vanhu gumi nevaviri vakaurayiwa nedenda muna2014 / 2015 (3).

Denda rinopa akati wandei mafomu emakiriniki (septicaemic, hemorrhagic, gastrointestinal, nezvimwewo, uye kunyange zvinyoro mafomu), asi maviri ari kunyanya kunyanya muvanhu:

Chirwere chebubonic chakanyanya. Inoparidzirwa nekukwira kamwe-kamwe kwefivha yakanyanya, kutemwa nemusoro, kurwisa kwakadzama kweyakajairika mamiriro uye kukanganisa kwekuziva. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekuzvimba kwema lymph node, kazhinji mumutsipa, muhapwa uye nekugomera (buboes).

Denda remapapu, rakaipisisa. Mucopurulent chikosoro neropa uye chipfuva kurwadziwa zvinowedzerwa kune zvakajairika zviratidzo zvebubonic denda.

Mumiriri wedenda igram-negative bacillus, Yersinia pestis. Yersinia rudzi rwemabhakitiriya emhuri yeEngobacteriaceae, inosanganisira gumi nemanomwe marudzi, matatu ayo ari pathogenic kuvanhu: pestis, enterocolitis et pseudotuberculosis. Makonzo ndiwo makuru, asi kwete akasarudzika, dura rechirwere.

Denda rinobata mhuka diki uye nhata dzinozvikanganisa. Inotapudzwa kubva kumhuka ichienda kuvanhu nekurumwa kubva kunhata dzakatapukirwa, nekubata yakanangana, nekufemesa uye nekumwisa zvinhu zvinotapukira.

• Vanhu vanorumwa nehutachiona hutachiona vanowanzo gadzira fomu yebubonic.
• Kana iyo bacillus Yersinia pestis inosvika pamapapu, munhu wacho anoita chirwere chemapapu chinogona kutapuriranwa kune vamwe vanhu nenzira yekufema panguva yekukosora.

Munzvimbo dzakazara, chengetedza kurumwa nhata uye chengetedza kure nemakonzo uye zvitunha zvemhuka.

Kana ikazivikanwa nekufamba kwenguva, bubonic denda inogona kurapwa zvinobudirira nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya: streptomycin, chloramphenicol uye tetracyclines ndiwo mareferenzi emishonga anorayirwa neInstitut Pasteur.

Chemoprophylaxis (inonziwo "chemoprevention"), iyo inosanganisira kurapa tetracyclines kana sulfonamides, mune dambudziko, rinoshanda mukudzivirira nharaunda dzakapoteredzwa dzezvinhu zvakakanganisika, inotsanangurawo Institut Pasteur.

Majekiseni akati wandei akagadzirwa kare, asi izvozvi akachengeterwa varabhoritari, nekuti zvaratidza kuti hazvina maturo mukudzora denda.