Phalaenopsis orchid

MuEurope, vakadzidza nezve phalaenopsis pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX - chirimwa chekutanga chakaunzwa kuNyika Yekare nemufambi weGerman Georg Rumph - akawana ichi chishamiso chechisikigo pachitsuwa cheIndonesia cheAmbon, chiri chikamu cheMaluku. Zvitsuwa.

Kweanopfuura hafu yezana remakore, kopi iyi ndiyo chete, uye muna 1752 mufundisi weSweden Peter Osbek, uyo aiita basa roumishinari muIndonesia imwe chete, akawana imwe orchid - pachitsuwa chiduku. Akaiomesa uye akatumira herbarium kuna Carl Linnaeus, uyo akatsanangura mhando itsva mubhuku rake rakakurumbira resainzi Species of Plants. Chokwadi, akamudaidza kuti epidendrum yakanaka (Epidendrum amabile). Zvose zvakajeka nekunakidza, uye shoko rokuti "epidendrum" muchiGiriki raireva "pamuti", iro rakanyatsoratidza zvisikwa zvemuti: muzvisikwa, phalaenopsis yakawanda inomera epiphytic, ndiko kuti, inokura pamiti.

Zita redu rataizivikanwa naro rokuti "phalaenopsis" rakatanga kushandiswa muna 1825. Panguva iyoyo ndipo apo mutungamiriri weState Herbarium muLeiden (Netherlands), Karl Blume, akawana, senguva dzose, pachitsuwa chiduku muMalay Archipelago, imwe orchid ye. iyi genus. Akanga akatarisa sango rorubvunzavaeni nepamabhainokura apo boka remashavishavi machena rakamutarisa. Asi paakaswedera pedyo, zvakava orchid. Mukurangarira chikanganiso chake, akatumidza chirimwa ichi kuti phalaenopsis, icho muchiGiriki chinoreva “sechipfunho.” Ndizvo zvichiri kunzi nanhasi.

Muzvisikwa, phalaenopsis inokura muPhilippines, Australia uye Southeast Asia. Kazhinji, vanogara pahunde yemiti, vachitora chikafu kubva kune yakaora organic zvinhu mumaforogo ematavi uye makatsemuka muhunde, uye mwando kubva kumhepo.

Mhando uye marudzi e phalaenopsis

Iyo genus Phalaenopsis inosanganisira anopfuura makumi manomwe emarudzi (70) (mamwe ma botanists achasiyanisa 1 marudzi, asi manomwe acho haana kubvumidzwa zviri pamutemo - anogona kunge asiri akasiyana marudzi, asi clones), akakamurwa kuva 77 subgenera, maviri ayo akakamurwa. muzvikamu (7). Vakawanda vavo vanogara mumasango anogara achinaya mvura, mamwe anomera pamatombo, uye kune mamwe anogara munzvimbo dzine mwaka usina mvura kana kuti unotonhora. Uye izvi zvinosiya zvazvinoreva pane tekinoroji yezvekurima.

Mune floriculture, phalaenopsis yose inowanzoparadzaniswa kuva mapoka mashanu (5).

Mhando phalaenopsis. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhuka dzepanyama dzisina kubatwa nekusarudzwa. Sezvo mutemo, vanogona kuwanikwa pakati pevateresi - iwe haugone kuvawana mukutengesa kwakawanda.

Phalaenopsis Stuart (Phalaenopsis stuartiana). Mashizha ayo ane variegated, uye midzi yawo ndeye silvery. Iyo peduncle yakareba uye ine matavi (kusvika 80 cm), asi pane maruva akawanda pairi - dzimwe nguva kusvika zvidimbu makumi matanhatu panguva. Maruva machena akapfava ane mavara matsvuku pazasi, pakati peruva pane muromo weamber, unonyatso kushanduka kuita yepepuru.

Schiller's Phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis schilleriana). Mashizha ayo akanaka, ariegated - silvery spots pane rima rakasvibirira kumashure, chikamu chezasi cheshizha chinokanda chitsvuku. Iyo inflorescence inosvika masendimita makumi mashanu, uye ingori nhamba huru yediki (kusvika 50 cm mudhayamita) maruva anoumba pairi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, orchid iyi inotumbuka mune yakanaka, yakasarudzika.

Phalaenopsis inonakidza (Phalaenopsis amabilis). Maruva machena machena anosvika 10 cm muhupamhi, anenge zvidimbu makumi maviri zvinokura pa peduncle. Mashizha ane nyama uye akareba. Vanoumba rosette yemashizha 20-3. Maruva anotumbuka rimwe nerimwe.

Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana (Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana). Orchid yakaisvonaka ine mashizha akaoma akabatanidzwa kusvika ku 25 cm kureba. Kazhinji hapana anopfuura 8 avo mune rosette. Maruva machena, kunge porcelain, ane mitsetse yakachinjika yepepuru, yepepuru uye chestnut hues. Kunhuhwirira kwakasimba uye kwakanaka!

Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi). Kutarisa kunobudirira zvikuru. Mashizha ayo akasvibira, anosvika 22 cm kureba. Maruva anounganidzwa mu peduncles emaruva gumi nemaviri anosvika 12 cm muhupamhi, uye iwo emhando isina kujairika: yero-girinhi ine tsvuku-brown transverse mitsetse. Uyezve, inonhuwirawo.

Mahybrids ane maruva makuru. Iri ndiro boka guru pacharo, ndiyo phalaenopsis iyo inowanzotengeswa munzvimbo dzebindu. Kwete kunyanya kuzvininipisa, kunyange vanotanga vanogona kukura nyore nyore.

Muboka iri, nhamba huru yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinowanzoparadzaniswa zvichienderana neruvara rwemaruva. Muzvitoro zvedu, kazhinji havaratidzi mazita emhando, kazhinji vanonyora "kusanganisa" pamatengo emitengo, saka kunyorwa hakuna kupinda mukuita. Saka heano mazita avo epasi rese (kana ukatsvaga paInternet, unogona kuona kuti ndeupi rudzi rwaunokura).

Chena:

• Taisuco Crane;
• Taisuco Kochdian;
• Cygnus;
• Yukimai;
• Sogo Musadian;
• White Dream;
• Florida Snow.

Pingi:

• Nobby's Pink Lady;
• Minho Valentine;
• Minho King Beauty;
• New Cinderella;
• Taisuco Firebird;
• Sogo Smith.

Semi-chena (yepamusoro uye mativi petals machena, uye miromo ine mavara):

• Luchia Lip;
• City Girl.

Mitsetse:

• Sogo Zebra;
• Chih Shang Stripes;
• Okay Seven.

Zvakaonekwa:

• Carmela Spots;
• Rousserole;
• Soroa Delight;
• Leopard Prince.

Mahybrids matsva. Kwenguva yakareba, phalaenopsis yakanga iri kutengeswa chete muchena uye pink shades. Zvisinei, ikozvino mubindu nzvimbo unogona kuwana yero, uye orenji, uye tsvuku. Mavara akadaro mumhando dzeindasitiri akaonekwa munguva pfupi yapfuura - akatanga kuwanikwa makore makumi mana apfuura. Uye mamwe acho ave akakurumbira, anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzedu dzebindu.

Yera:

• Carol Campbell;
• Emil Giles;
• Hama Lawrence;
• Taipei Gold;
• Golden Bells;
• Sogo Manager;
• Hama Passat;
• Golden Amboin;
• Yellow Queen;
• Ching Her Buddha;
• Zuva reGoridhe

Orange (kune akawanda mimvuri pano: mhangura, ndarira, ine ngura tsvuku - iyi mimvuri inowanzonzi renje kana hunyanzvi):

• Sweet Memory;
• Zuma Aussie Delight;
• Yakabhadharwa Yakabhadharwa;
• Mukoma Sara Goridhe.

Tsvuku (pano mimvuri inotangira kubva kuorenji-tsvuku kusvika kune lavender-burgundy):

• Cordova;
• Lonnie Morris;
• Sogo Pony;
• Sogo Rose;
• Sogo Grape;
• Sogo Prince;
• Golden Peoker.

Harlequins. Uyu mutsara mutsva zvachose wakaonekwa muTaiwan - maruva eiyi phalaenopsis machena kana yero ane mahombe einki matema anongopararira pamakumbo.

Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa:

• Ever-Spring Light;
• Yu Pin Pearl;
• Yu Pin Panda;
• Bright Peacock.

Multi-flowered hybrids (multiflora). Iri boka rinosanganisira phalaenopsis nemaruva akawanda, ayo anowanikwa pane akati wandei peduncles, kana pane imwe branched imwe.

Mhando dzakakurumbira:

• Farai;
• Cassandra;
• Vilind;
• Carmela;
• Zuma,
• Timothy Christopher;
• Be Tris;
• Quevedo.

mahybrids madiki. Uyu mutsetse mutsva wakauya nekuyambuka akasiyana siyana madiki Phalaenopsis marudzi. Uye iri muboka iri umo maokidhiya anoyevedza anowanikwa, nekuti madzitateguru avo musango aisagara mumasango anopisa, asi munzvimbo dzinotonhorera kana dzakaoma. Vane nguva yekuzorora, vanoda mamiriro ekutonhorera, kazhinji, izvi ndezvevarimi vemaruva vane ruzivo, zviri nani kune vanotanga kuti varege kuvatanga.

Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa muboka iri:

• Micro Nova;
• Mini Mark
• Anna-Larati Soekardi.

Phalaenopsis kutarisira kumba

Phalaenopsis inoonekwa seyakanyanya kusaremekedza eorchids, zvisinei, kune akawanda nuances mukurima kwavo.

Ground

Pano, kushamisika kwekutanga kunowanzoitika kune vanotanga maruva evarimi: hapana mhosva phalaenopsis inofanira kudyarwa muvhu rakajairwa! Muzvisikwa, havasangane nazvo, nokuti vanogara pamiti (mamwe marudzi pamatombo). Nokudaro, iyo substrate kwavari inofanira kuva yakakosha.

Iyo iri nyore sarudzo ndeye yakachekwa pine bark. Larch inotova nani - inogara yakasimba. Asi substrate yakadaro inomesa nekukurumidza, saka inokurudzirwa kuwedzera sphagnum moss kwairi muchiyero che1: 1 - inochengetedza mvura kwenguva yakareba, uyezve, ine bactericidal properties uye inodzivirira midzi kubva pakuora.

Bark uye moss zvinogona kutengwa muchitoro. Kana kuunganidza musango, asi munyaya iyi, zvose zvinoshandiswa zvinofanira kubikwa, nokuti zvinogona kunge zvine zvipembenene uye zvirwere.

Pane imwe sarudzo yekudyara - pachidimbu chebark (zvechokwadi, inofanirawo kubikwa). Muchiitiko ichi, phalaenopsis inosungirirwa kune bark netambo, uye midzi yakaputirwa muhutu. Chero ivo havaputire, asi mune iyi kesi orchid ichafanirwa kupfapfaidzwa kakawanda pazuva.

tembiricha

Yakanakira tembiricha yekukura Phalaenopsis (2):

• masikati - 23 - 29 ° С;
• usiku - 18 ° С.

Kureva, tembiricha yekamuri yakajairwa yakanyatsomukodzera. Kukura kwakanaka. Asi kwete yemaruva - kuitira kuti phalaenopsis itumbuke, unofanirwa kuibata kwemavhiki maviri mumamiriro ekutonhorera, nekushisa kwe2 - 13 ° C. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anoitika pabhokisi rakajeka munaSeptember - tumira orchid ikoko. kwemavhiki mashoma, uye ichapa maruva miseve.

Asi panguva yemaruva, kutonhora kunofanira kugara kuchidziya, kunenge 25 ° C. Kana pane madonhwe akapinza, phalaenopsis ichadonha buds.

Lighting

Sezvo mumasikirwo orchids ari mukusingaperi penumbra yemiti mikuru, asi panguva imwe chete mune zvakanaka zuva subtropics, sill yehwindo inofanira kuva yakareruka, asi pasina chiedza chezuva, chinogona kupisa miti yakaoma. Uyezve, ma orchids ndeaya maruva anojairira nzvimbo yawo uye zviri nani kushivirira kufamba uye kunyange kurongazve kune imwe sill yehwindo.

unyoro

Mumasango anogara achinaya mvura anenge gore rose mwando wakafanana - 100%. Mudzimba dzemudhorobha, kunyanya mumwaka unotonhora, kana kudziyisa kuchivhurwa, hazvisvike 25%. Izvi hazvina kukwana, saka phalaenopsis inofanira kupfapfaidzwa kazhinji, asi izvi zvinofanira kuitwa mangwanani kuitira kuti mashizha aome usiku. Kana kuisa padivi pemapallet emvura.

Asi zvakakosha kunyorovesa substrate nounyanzvi: pakati pemvura, inofanira kuoma zvachose (2). Hazvina mhosva kuti midzi inogara iri munyoro - inoora. Nokudaro, mvura inofanira kubudiswa kubva pani mushure mekudiridza.

fertilizer

Kune phalaenopsis, zviri nani kushandisa fetiraiza yakakosha ye orchids - inotengeswa muzvitoro.

Kudyisa

Munguva yekukura kwekushanda, kazhinji kubva munaApril kusvika munaSeptember, phalaenopsis inofanira kudyiswa mavhiki maviri ose. Mumamiriro okunze anodziya - mumadhesi anoratidzwa mumirayiridzo. Asi kana imba yacho ichitonhorera, uye kunze kune makore kunze, chiyero chinofanira kuderedzwa nepakati (2).

Kuberekwa kwe phalaenopsis kumba

Pamba, nzira nhatu dzekuparadzira phalaenopsis dzinowanzoshandiswa.

Vana. Ivo pachavo vanogona kuoneka pamapeduncles mushure mekutumbuka (pamwe nemaruva mabuds, ivo zvakare vane dormant vegetative buds), asi izvi zvinoitika kashoma. Kana iwe uine rombo rakanaka, unofanirwa kumirira kusvikira midzi yavo yakura kusvika 2 cm, yakaparadzana kubva peduncle uye kuisirwa muhari itsva.

Ruva museve. Kune vamwe varimi, nzira iyi inopa mhedzisiro yakanaka - inenge yese yekurara inomuka. Kune vamwe, mhedzisiro ndeye zero, asi chero zvakadaro, zvakakosha kuedza.

Hunhu hweiyo nzira ndeiyi inotevera. Mushure mokunge phalaenopsis yapera, peduncle inogurwa pachigadziko, inobatwa neEpin uye inoiswa mubhodhoro repurasitiki. Hazvidikanwi kuicheka - mutsipa unofanira kuramba uripo. Mvura inodururwa mubhodhoro kusvika hafu yehurefu hwekucheka, donho remupfudze we orchids rinowedzerwa kwairi. Iyo mudziyo inoiswa munzvimbo inodziya (inodikanwa kuti tembiricha iri 29 - 30 ° C) yakavhenekerwa nzvimbo (asi kwete muzuva rakananga). Hazvidikanwi kuvhara bhodhoro nekapu.

Ikoko kuchagara kuine hunyoro hwepamusoro mubhodhoro, uye pamwe chete nekupisa kwepamusoro, pane mukana wekuti mabhudzi achamuka uye abudise orchids itsva.

Zvidimbu zve peduncle. Muchiitiko ichi, miseve yakachekwa-peduncle inochekwa muzvikamu zvakawanda, kuitira kuti imwe neimwe iite bud dormant. Zvikamu zvinofanirwa kuve nehupfu hwakatsetseka nemarasha akapwanyika (kana activated) kuitira kuti zvisaora.

Zvicherwa zvinoiswa mumudziyo wakajeka wepurasitiki pane yakanyorova sphagnum moss, yakapfapfaidzwa neEpin uye yakavharwa nechivharo. Zvakakosha kuti moss igare yakanyorova nguva dzose. Uye kazhinji zvinodikanwa kufefetedza impromptu greenhouse kuitira kuti mold irege kuoneka ipapo.

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza kucheka munzvimbo inopenya pane tembiricha inopfuura 25 ° C.

Kukurudzira itsvo ne cytokine paste. Muchiitiko ichi, vana vanokura pa peduncle pasina kuibvisa kubva pamiti yaamai.

Nyaya ndeiyi. Pa peduncle, iwe unofanirwa kutsvaga bhudzi rakarara, gadzira diki pasi payo pa peduncle ine blade inopinza, wobva wabvisa nekungwarira zviyero zvekuvharira kubva mubudhi nema tweezers uye wozora ne cytokine paste (inogona kuwanikwa online. zvitoro) - anokurudzira kumera kwebud. Nokuda kwekuvimbika, itsvo inofanira kuputirwa ne moss uye polyethylene - kuitira kuti irege kuoma.

Kazhinji, mushure mekurapa kwakadaro, itsvo dzinomuka pa7 - 10 zuva. Kana izvi zvaitika, polyethylene uye moss zvinogona kubviswa. Kana vana vaine midzi, simai muhari dzakasiyana.

Phalaenopsis transplant kumba

Phalaenopsis inokura midzi yepamhepo pamusoro pehari, saka saizi yemudziyo haina kukosha kwavari. Aya orchids anosimwa apo substrate inotanga kuora - kana, pakudiridza, zvimedu zviduku zvebark zvinotanga kushambidza kubva mumakomba emvura, zvino ndiyo nguva. Sezvo mutemo, izvi zvinoitika mushure memakore 2 - 3.

Kudyara kunonyanya kuitwa muchirimo mushure mekunge phalaenopsis yapera. Iyo substrate inofanira kutorwa zvachose itsva, yekare haigoni kushandiswa (zvirwere zvinogona kuvandira mairi).

Nyatsochenesa midzi yezvimedu zvevhu, ongorora zvakanaka, bvisa zvakakanganiswa (yakasviba, yakaomeswa, yakaora, yero). Bata zvidimbu nemarasha akapwanyika.

Isa iyo orchid muhari (iwe unogona kushandisa yekare, asi inoda kusvibiswa), ruramisa midzi uye unyatsozadza zvose voids ne substrate, asi kwete zvakasimba kuitira kuti midzi igone kufema.

Phalaenopsis zvirwere

Muenzi ane hunyanzvi we subtropics anogona kurwara kana akasatarisirwa zvakanaka.

Brown spotting. Kazhinji inobata maruva e orchid - mavara ebrown kana pink anoonekwa pamakumbo (3). Zvimwe zvikamu zvechirimwa hazvikanganisi nechirwere. Inokura munzvimbo dzakanyorova uye dzinotonhorera.

Kurwisa chirwere, Rakurs kana Topsin-M mishonga inoshandiswa (4).

Bacterial brown spot. Inotanga sediki diki rakasvibira rakasviba rine mvura pamashizha. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichienderera mberi, mavara anowedzera kukura, ruvara rwavo runoshanduka kuita shava. Pa phalaenopsis, chirwere ichi chinokura nekukurumidza uye munguva pfupi chinokanganisa nzvimbo yekukura (3), mushure mezvo chirimwa chinogona kufa.

Kana maronda ari maduku, maronda anofanirwa kuchekwa kune hutano hwakanaka uye kusaswa neguruva remarasha. Uye wozobata zvirimwa neRacurs kana Topsin-M (4).

Ngura. Inoonekwa pamashizha muchimiro chemavara, ayo anokurumidza kuvharwa neruva reorenji respores yepathogen fungus. Chirwere ichi kazhinji hachitungamiri kurufu, asi zvirimwa zvinosara kumashure mukukura uye zvinotumbuka zvisina kunaka.

Kurwisa chirwere ichi, mishonga Ikarus, Farao, Falcon, Chistotsvet inoshandiswa (4).

Phalaenopsis zvipembenene

Spider mite. Kazhinji inobata mashizha uye buds ye phalaenopsis (3). Kuvanza pamashizha kubva pasi. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere zvakawanda zvinopenya zvinopenya pamashizha. Ipapo dandemutande rinoonekwa pavari.

Kleshchevit uye Fitoverm inoshandiswa kurwisa chipembenene ichi (4).

Flat red chikwekwe. Inobata marudzi akawanda e orchids, kusanganisira phalaenopsis. Mashizha akakuvadzwa anova akaomarara, akakora, akafukidzwa neruvara rwesirivha (3). Nehutachiona hwakanyanya, vanooma.

Thrips. Zvipembenene zvidiki kwazvo zvine miviri mitete. Mashizha anokanganiswa - mitsara ine mavara esirivha inooneka paari (3).

Kurwisa thrips, Actellik inoshandiswa.

nhovo nenhovo dzenhema. Izvi zvipembenene zvidiki zvakafukidzwa negoko rakasimba. Vanogara pane zvese zvinomera zvinowanzoitika, asi kunyanya vanofarira kuvanda muaxils yemashizha (3).

Zvipembenene zvinobviswa nekotoni swab yakanyikwa mudoro. Chirimwa chacho chinogezwa nemvura ine sipo. Zvisaririra zvezvipembenene zvinoparadzwa neActellik.

Mealy bugs. Anokanganisa mashizha, uye anogona kuzivikanwa nekubuda kwenamo kunoratidzika semapundu eshinda yedonje.

Miti inobatwa inofanira kushambidzwa nesipo nemvura. Wobva wapfapfaidza neAktara kana gadziriro yeAktellik (3). Dzokorora kurapwa mushure memavhiki maviri.

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takataura nezvematambudziko ekukura phalaenopsis ne agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova.

Zvitubu zve

1. 1 Hurongwa hwezvirimwa. Phalaenopsis // The Plant List http://www.theplantlist.org/1.1/browse/A/Orchidaceae/Phalaenopsis/
2. Phalaenopsis // Brooklyn botanic gadheni https://www.bbg.org/gardening/article/phalaenopsis
3. Uvarov EV Orchids mumba medu // Imba yekudhinda Nhamba 2 yeDare reHurumende Rokudhinda reRSFSR, 1989. - 96 p.
4. Katalog yehurumende yemishonga yezvipembenene neagrochemicals yakabvumidzwa kushandiswa munharaunda yeFederation kubva munaChikunguru 6, 2021 // Ministry of Agriculture of the Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/