Iyo phalanges imapfupa madiki marefu anobatana kuti aite zvigunwe nezvigunwe, izvo zvinoumba skeleton. Aya mabhonzo madiki ane tubular ane matatu muhuwandu kune anonzi minwe mirefu, uye maviri echigunwe nechigunwe chikuru. Etymologically, izwi iri rinobva muchiGiriki "phalagx » zvinoreva kuticylindrical chidimbu chehuni, tsvimbo". Iyo yekutanga phalanx yemunwe inogara ichitaura ne metacarpal yeruoko kana metatarsal yetsoka. Kana ari mamwe phalanges, anotaurwa pakati pavo. Iyo phalanx naizvozvo chikamu chepfupa chinotsanangurwa pamwe nemamwe phalanges pamwero we interphalangeal joints: ivo ndivo vanopa zvigunwe kufamba kwavo uye kusimba. Iyo inowanzoitika pathologies ye phalanges ndeyekutsemuka, kurapwa kwacho kunowanzo kuve kwemapfupa, semuenzaniso nenzira ye splint, uye dzimwe nguva kuvhiyiwa, kunyanya kana maronda etsinga kana tendon akawedzerwa pakuputsika.

Iyo phalanx chikamu chepfupa chakatsanangurwa: inoumba skeleton yemunwe kana chigunwe, uye mhasuru dzakasiyana dzinoiswa pazvikamu zvemapfupa aya. Yakaiswa yakatwasuka, pamunwe wega wega, pamusoro peumwe, iyo phalanges inosiyaniswa kuva yekutanga kana metacarpals, masekondi kana pakati, uye yechitatu kana ungual.

Iyo phalanges saka inoumba mapfupa ari kure kwazvo eruoko, kana etsoka. Zvigunwe zvirefu chimwe nechimwe chine maphalange matatu pamunwe, kune rumwe rutivi chigunwe, chinonziwo pollux, kana chigunwe chikuru, chinonziwo hallux, chine maviri chete. Iyo distal phalanx ndiyo inotakura chipikiri, iyo proximal phalanx ndiyo iri pamudzi wemunwe. Pakazara, kune gumi nemana phalanges paruoko rumwe norumwe, uye akawanda patsoka imwe neimwe, achiita huwandu hwemakumi mashanu nenhanhatu phalanges.

Majoini anobatanidza phalanges kune mumwe nemumwe anonzi interphalangeal joints. Iyo phalanx iri padyo nemetacarpus inonziwo proximal phalanx, iyo yepakati phalanx ichinzi phalangina, uye iyo phalanx iri kumagumo emunwe, inonziwo distal phalanx, dzimwe nguva inonziwo phalangette.

Basa re phalanges nderokupa zvigunwe kugona kwavo, kufamba kwavo kwakanyanya uye kwakakosha kune iyi nhengo yakasarudzika iyo ruoko. Nokuda kweizvi, migumo ye phalanges yakakomberedzwa pamwero wekutaura nemamwe mapfupa, uko kunongedza kweanchor ye phalangeal ligaments iripo. Muchokwadi, iyo proximal phalanges yeminwe yese inotaura ne metacarpal mapfupa uye epakati phalanges inotaura zvakanaka ne distal phalanges. Uye idzi phalanges dzinotaura, kunyanya, nedzimwe phalanges, pamwero we interphalangeal joints.

Kukuvadzwa kweminwe, pamwero we phalanges, kunogona kuva kwekutambudzika, asiwo rheumatological, neurological kana congenital. Asi muchokwadi, iyo inowanzowanzoita pathologies ye phalanges inoshanduka kuve kuputsika. "Kutsemuka kwemaoko kunogona kuomeswa nekuremara kana kukasara pasina kurapwa, kuomarara nekuwedzerwa, uye zvese kuremara uye kuomarara nekusabatwa zvakanaka.", Akayambira musayendisiti wekuAmerica anonzi Swanson.

Kuputsika kwepasterns uye phalanges naizvozvo ndiyo inonyanya kukuvadza kusvika kumagumo, uye 70% yavo inoitika pakati pemakore e11 nemakore 45. Kuputsika kwephalanges kunowanzoitika semugumisiro wekushungurudzika nekudonha, kana nekupwanya. Zvizhinji kashoma, zvinoitika mushure mekushomeka kushoma kana pasina kukuvadzwa kune pathological bone (rakaneteswa nebundu rebhonzo). Mamota aya anonyanya kuzivikanwa ichondroma, inova bundu rinoita kuti bhonzo ripere simba nekufamba kwemakore.

Mukutanga kwemakumi maviri^e zana remakore, idzi phalanx fractures dzakaporeswa pasina kuvhiyiwa, uye vazhinji vavo vanoramba vachirapwa zvinobudirira nhasi pasina kuvhiyiwa. Kusarudzwa kwekurapa kwakanyanya kunoenderana nezvakati wandei, kusanganisira pakati pezvimwe nzvimbo yekutsemuka (articular kana extra-articular), iyo geometry (inotenderera, inotenderera kana oblique, yakapwanyika) kana deformation.

Kazhinji kazhinji, kurapwa kwezvimedu izvi ndezvemapfupa, nekushandiswa kwekuputika. Kunyanya kashoma, kuvhiyiwa kuchave kwakakosha, kunyanya kana paine maronda akabatana etsinga kana tendon. Iyo immobilization inofanira kugara pakati pemavhiki mana kusvika masere, kwete kuitira kudzivirira kutaridzika kwekuoma kwemajoini.

Kushungurudzika kwekutanga kunowanzoratidza kutsemuka, uye murwere ane chigunwe chakatyoka haakwanisi kuifambisa.

• Zviratidzo zvemakiriniki: kuchipatara, tarisa kuvapo kwekuzvimba, kuremara, hematoma, kushaikwa kwekushanda uye kunyanya kurwadziwa kwepalpation yebhonzo. Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kuchabatsirawo kutsanangura kuti ndeipi mifananidzo yeradiographic inofanira kutorwa;
• Radiology: kazhinji nyore x-rays inokwana kuratidza kuongororwa kwekutyoka kweimwe kana kupfuura phalanges. Dzimwe nguva, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zvichave zvakakosha kukumbira CT scan kana MRI kuitira kuti utaure kuonekwa kwekuputsika. Idzi bvunzo dzekuwedzera dzinoitawo kuti zvikwanisike kupedza ongororo isati yaitwa.

Count Jean-François de La Pérouse muongorori weFrance weXVIII^e zana remakore. Akashuma mune rimwe remabhuku ake achitsanangura nzendo dzake pasi pose ( Voyage, Tome III, peji 214) chiziviso chinokatyamadza: “Tsika yekucheka phalanges yemunwe mudiki yakapararira pakati pevanhu ava sezvairi paCocos neTraitor Islands, uye chiratidzo ichi chekusuwa kwekurasikirwa nehama kana shamwari haisati yazivikanwa paZvitsuwa zveBrowser.“, Anonyora kudaro.

Pamusoro pezvo, imwe nhoroondo ine chekuita nephalanges ine chekuita nemuchadenga mukuru: saka, muna 1979, Neil Armstrong paakanga achishanda papurazi rake, akabvarura phalanx, apo mubatanidzwa wake wakanamatira parutivi rwetirarera yetirakita yake. anosvetukira pasi. Akadzikama, anotora muromo wechigunwe chake chemhete, oisa muaizi, oenda kuchipatara. Vanachiremba vachakwanisa kumusona.

Pakupedzisira, mumwe muzivi wemuchadenga wekuAmerica akasanganawo nenyaya inokatyamadza: ndiDonald Slayton. Paakanga achingova nemakore mashanu, Donald Kent Slayton, muzivi wemuchadenga wenguva yemberi wemishoni yeApollo-Soyuz, akadimbura zvine simba phalanx yechigunwe chemhete chekuruboshwe achiedza kubatsira baba vake pamushini wavo weuswa unodhonzwa nemabhiza maviri. Apo, makore gumi nematatu gare gare, muna 1942, akapasa bvunzo dzekurapa nechinangwa chekubatanidza kudzidziswa kwemutyairi wendege yemauto, akatya kukundikana nekuda kwekushaikwa kwake phalanx. Hazvina kudaro. Vanachiremba vaitarisira kuiongorora vaongorora mirau yeAir Force, vakawana nekushamisika kuti rin'i yeruoko rweruboshwe kana iri ruoko rwerudyi (kana rin'i yeruoko rwerudyi kana isu 'takasara- handed) ndicho chigunwe chega chakadimburwa chisingakonzere dambudziko. Iyo Air Force saka yakafunga kuti ndiyo, neimwe nzira, iyo chete "isina basa" munwe! Mukana waDonal Slayton uyo anowana mapapiro emutyairi wake gore rinotevera, muna 1943, asati adzidza makore mashoma gare gare, muna Kubvumbi 1953, kuti achange ari chikamu cheboka revanomwe vekutanga vemuchadenga. Uye, nokuda kwezvinyorwa, ziva kuti achapfeka mhete yake yemuchato ... pamunwe muduku.