Mukati
Iyo pheasant ishiri yehurongwa Galliformes, ine nyama yakakurumbira zvikuru pakati pegourmets. Iine kuravira kwakanakisa, uye zvakare idura rechokwadi revhitamini nemamineral.
The pheasant ishiri yakati kurei. Kureba kwemuviri wemunhu mukuru kunogona kuita 0,8 metres. Huremu hwepheasant hombe hunosvika makirogiramu maviri.
General maitiro
Hugaro hunogara mhuka dzemusango masango ane huswa hwakasvibira. Chinodiwa kuvepo kwemakwenzi umo shiri inonzwa yakachengeteka uye yakasununguka. Kazhinji, mapeasants anoedza kugara pedyo nemadziva kana nzizi kuitira kuti awane mvura.
Pasinei nekukura kwakasimba, shiri idzi dzinonyara zvikuru. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo inoshamisa, vaona imwe mhando yengozi, vanoedza kuvanza muuswa uye mumakwenzi. Mhenderekedzo hadziwanzobhururuka dzichikwira miti.
Chikafu chikuru cheshiri idzi zviyo, mbeu, majiroji, pamwe chete nenhungirwa nemichero yemiti. Uyewo mukudya kwepheasants kune zvipembenene uye mollusks maduku.
Mumusango, pheasants vane mumwechete uye vanosarudza kamwe chete kwehupenyu hwose. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti hono pheasants haisi yakakura chete kupfuura vakadzi, asiwo yakawanda yakajeka mavara. Musoro wavo nemutsipa zvakasvibira zvegoridhe, zvine ruvara rwepepuru rwakasvibira kusvika kutema. Kumusana, minhenga inopenya zvikuru, moto weorenji, ine muganho mutema unoshamisa, uye rump imhangura-tsvuku, ine ruvara rwepepuru. Muswe wacho wakareba kwazvo, une minhenga gumi nesere yeyero-brown, ine "bhodha" yemhangura ine tint yepepuru. Varume vane spurs pamakumbo avo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mukuenzanisa nevamiriri ve "simba rakasimba", feasants dzechikadzi dzine chitarisiko chakacheneruka. Dzine minhenga isina kusimba inosiyana-siyana muruvara kubva kubrown kusvika kune jecha grey. Iyo chete "kushongedza" ndeyemavara matema-mashava uye dashes.
Matendere ePheasant anovakwa pasi. Mabatiro avo anowanzo hombe - kubva pamazai masere kusvika makumi maviri ebrown. Vanochecheudzwa nevakadzi chete, “vanababa vanofara” havatori rutivi chero mumuitiro uyu kana kuti mukumwe kurerwa kwenhiyo.
Nhoroondo yezvakaitika
Zita rechiLatin reshiri iyi ndiPhasianus colchicus. Zvinotendwa kuti rinoratidza pachena payakatanga kuwanikwa.
Saka, sezvinotaura ngano, gamba rechiGiriki Jason, mutungamiri weArgonauts, akava "piyona" wepeasants. KuColchis, kwaakaenda kunotora Fleece yeGoridhe, Jason akaona shiri dzakanaka zvisingaite mumahombekombe eRwizi rwePhasis, minhenga yaro yaipenya nemavara ose emurarabungu pasi pemwaranzi yezuva. Hongu, maArgonauts akakasira kuisa misungo pavari. Nyama yeshiri yakakangwa pamoto yakava muto uye nyoro.
Jason neArgonauts vakaunza mamwe mapheasants kuGreece semukombe. Shiri dzekunze dzakabva dzatanga kukurumbira. Vakatanga kuzvipfuya se“shongedzero dzemhenyu” dzemapindu evakuru vakuru. Nyama yakabikwa yakabikwa uye yakapiwa vaenzi pamabiko ainakidza.
Mafesi akanga asinganyanyi kukurumidza. Vakajairira kutapwa nekukasira, vachiwedzera kushingaira, asi nyama yavo yakaramba iri delicacy.
Kutaurwa kunofanirawo kuitwa nezvemaitiro kune mapheasants mu "nyika yavo yenhoroondo" - muGeorgia. Ikoko, shiri iyi inonzi chiratidzo cheTbilisi. Anotoratidzwa pabhachi rehondo reguta guru renyika. Imwe ngano inofadza inotaura nezvekuti sei pheasant yakapiwa kukudzwa kwakadaro.
Saka, maererano nengano, mambo weGeorgia Vakhtang I Gorgasal haana kutsvaga mweya mufalconry uye akazvipira nguva yake yose yekusununguka kune iri basa. Pane imwe nguva, achivhima, mambo akamhanya achienda kunotsvaka pheasant yakakuvara - yakakura kwazvo uye yakanaka. Kwenguva refu haana kukwanisa kubata shiri yaitiza. Mambo akabata mhungu isiri kure nematsime anopisa, ayo airova kubva pasi. Hafu-yakafa, yakapera simba kubva pakurasikirwa neropa, iyo pheasant yakanwa kubva kune iyo sosi, mushure maizvozvo iye akabva amuka uye akamhanya. Mukurangarira chiitiko ichi, mambo akaraira kuti guta reTbilisi rivakwe padyo nematsime anopisa anoporesa.
Nekuda kwekupenya kwayo minhenga uye kuravira, iyo pheasant yagara yave inofarira nyaya yekuvhima kune vese vari veEuropean aristocracy uye vekumabvazuva vanokudzwa. Kutanga muzana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu, England yakatanga kubereka nemaune pheasants mukutapwa, ndokuzoisunungura munzvimbo dzekuvhima pazera remavhiki matanhatu. Atova zana remakore gare gare, sezvinopupurirwa nenhoroondo, shiri dzinosvika zviuru zvisere pagore dzakasimudzwa nechinangwa ichi munharaunda yeFoggy Albion.
Kusvika iye zvino, nzvimbo yepeasant musango ndiyo China, Asia Minor uye Central Asia, Caucasus, pamwe chete nenyika dzeCentral Europe. Unogonawo kusangana neshiri iyi muJapan neAmerica.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mumatunhu mazhinji mune kurambidzwa kwakasimba kwekupfura mhuka dzemusango nekuda kwekuti huwandu hwevanhu hwadzikira zvakanyanya nekuda kwezviito zvevanovhima zvisiri pamutemo. Kuwedzera zvipfuwo, mapurazi anokosha anogadzirwa - pheasants. Vazhinji vavo vari kuUK. Shiri dzinopfuura zviuru gumi dzinorerwa pano gore rega rega.
Panguva imwecheteyo, pheasant nyama inoonekwa sechinhu chinonaka uye inodhura zvakanyanya, izvo, zvisinei, magourmets chaiwo haafunge chipingamupinyi.
Types
Pakazara, dzinenge makumi matatu emhando dzeakajairika pheasant anowanikwa musango. Vamiririri vavo vanosiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe munzvimbo yavo yekugara, ukuru, uye ruvara rwemapapiro. Mukutapwa, goridhe, Hungarian uye kuvhima pheasant inowanzo berekwa, iyo nyama yemhando yepamusoro uye inonyanya kufarirwa negourmets.
Zvinotendwa kuti pheasants inosvika pakukura pazera remwedzi mitanhatu. Panguva ino, uremu hwavo hunosvika pakirogiramu imwe nehafu. Nyama yevadiki pheasants ine muto zvakanyanya uye inoonekwa sekudya.
Kuvhima shiri munzvimbo dzakakosha kunobvumirwa chete kubva muna Mbudzi kusvika Kukadzi. Munguva iyi, pheasants haigari padendere uye haireri nhiyo. Panguva imwecheteyo, mapurazi epheasant anotengesa nyama nyowani mune inotonhorera kana chando fomu gore rose. Sezvo mutemo, inorondedzerwa sechikamu I, nepo mhando yemhuka yemusango inosiyana - inogona kunge iri chikamu I kana II.
Calorie uye kuumbwa kwemakemikari
Pheasant nyama inoonekwa sechikafu chigadzirwa. Simba rayo rinokosha ishoma uye rinosvika 253,9 kcal pa100 g. Kuumbwa kwezvokudya zvinovaka muviri ndezvi: 18 g yeprotein, 20 g yemafuta uye 0,5 g yemakhahydrates.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, nyama ye pheasant idura rechokwadi revhithamini, pamwe chete ne micro uye macro elements.
Pheasant nyama inokosheswa zvakanyanya seyakakosha sosi yeB mavitamini. Hazvibviri kuwedzeredza basa ravo muhupenyu hwemuviri. Ndiwo mavhitaminzi eboka iri anotsigira simba remetabolism, anogadzirisa basa rekugaya, uye anobatsira kuchengetedza mazinga ehuga padanho rinogamuchirwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nevanovaka muviri, mavhitamini eB "anoshanda" zvakanyanya kana achipinda mumuviri kwete zvakasiyana, asi kamwechete. Ndicho chikonzero nyama ye pheasant inonyanya kukoshesa nevanovaka muviri - inenge ine mavitamini ose eboka iri.
Saka, vhitamini B1 (0,1 mg) inoshanda antioxidant, inovandudza magadzirirwo ekuziva uye ndangariro, uye inojairisa kudya. Vhitamini B2 (0,2 mg) inosimudzira kubatwa kwesimbi, nokudaro ichiita kuti kugadzikane kwehuwandu hweropa, inogadzirisa basa rethyroid gland, uye inobatsira kuchengetedza hutano hweganda nebvudzi. Vitamin B3 (6,5 mg) inobatsira kuderedza huwandu hwe "yakaipa" cholesterol, inotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwehemoglobin, inosimudzira kutorwa kweprotein inopinda mumuviri nechikafu. Choline, inozivikanwawo sevhitamini B4 (70 mg), yakakosha pakushanda kwakajairika kwechiropa - kunyanya, inobatsira matishu enhengo iyi kupora mushure mekutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana doro, pamwe nekurwara kwapfuura. Mukuwedzera kune hepatoprotective properties, choline inoderedzawo mwero we "yakaipa" cholesterol uye inogadzirisa mafuta metabolism. Vitamin B5 (0,5 mg) inokurudzira adrenal glands uye inobatsirawo muviri kutora mamwe mavhitamini kubva muchikafu. Mukuwedzera, inowedzera kudzivirira kwemuviri. Vitamin B6 (0,4 mg) inodiwa kuti muviri utore zvakanaka mapuroteni nemafuta. Vitamin B7, inozivikanwawo sevhitamini H (3 mcg), inobatsira kuchengetedza mamiriro eganda nevhudzi, inochengetedza intestinal microflora mune hutano. Vitamin B9 (8 mcg) inobatsira kudzikamisa manzwiro kumashure, inotsigira yemwoyo system, uye zvakare inotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwema enzymes uye amino acids. Pakupedzisira, vhitamini B12 (2 mcg) yakakosha pakuumbwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa uye inodzivirira kukura kweanemia.
Mushonga wemakemikari we pheasant nyama unewo vitamin A (40 mcg) - antioxidant ine simba inobatsira "kuparadzira" basa rekudzivirira muviri.
Chigadzirwa chacho chinokosheswawo nepamusoro pehuwandu hwemacro- uye microelements. Chokutanga pane zvose, tinofanira kutaura nezvehuwandu hwe potassium (250 mg), sulfur (230 mg), phosphorus (200 mg), mhangura (180 mg) uye sodium (100 mg) munyama ye pheasant. Potassium inofanirwa kugadzirisa kurova kwemoyo, inovandudza kupihwa kweokisijeni kumasero ehuropi, inobatsira kuderedza kuzvimba nekugadzirisa chiyero chemvura mumuviri. Sulfure inotora chikamu mukuumbwa kwe collagen, iyo inofanirwa kuchengetedza ganda nevhudzi mune yakajairika mamiriro, ine antihistamine maitiro, uye inojairisa maitiro ekugwamba kweropa. Phosphorus inokonzera mamiriro ehutano hwemapfupa nemeno, pamwe chete nekugona kwekuziva. Kushayikwa kwemhangura kunogona kukonzera kusadya, kuora mwoyo uye kuramba kuneta, pamwe nekushaya ropa. Sodium inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwegastric juice, ine vasodilating effect.
Akanyanya kukwirira zvemukati muchigadzirwa zvakare chlorine (60 mg), magnesium (20 mg) uye calcium (15 mg). Chlorine inokonzera kugadzirisa kwekudya, inodzivirira kupera kwemafuta echiropa. Magnesium inokonzera kuita kwemhasuru, uye zvakare, mu "duet" ine calcium, yemamiriro emapfupa uye mazino tishu.
Pakati pezvimwe zvicherwa zviripo mumakemikari epheasant nyama, tini (75 μg), fluorine (63 μg), molybdenum (12 μg) uye nickel (10 μg) inofanira kusiyaniswa. Kushaikwa kwerata kunomutsa bvudzi uye kurasikirwa nekunzwa. Fluorine inobatsira kuwedzera kudzivirira kwemuviri, inosimbisa matishu ezvipikiri, mapfupa nemazino, inobatsira kubvisa zvinhu zvine chepfu kubva mumuviri, zvinosanganisira heavy metals. Molybdenum inodzivirira kukura kweanemia nekuwedzera chiyero che hemoglobin, uye inokurudzirawo kubuda kweuric acid kubva mumuviri. Nickel inogadzirisa basa repituitary gland uye itsvo, inoderedza kuderera kweropa.
Zvinobatsira Zvivakwa
Nekuda kweiyo yakasarudzika yemakemikari kuumbwa, pheasant nyama ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinobatsira.
Nyama yeshiri iyi inobva mune mapuroteni anokosha, ayo anotorwa nyore nyore nemuviri.
Ichi chigadzirwa chinoonekwa sechikafu nekuda kwekuderera kwemafuta emukati uye kunenge kusavapo kwecholesterol. Naizvozvo, inogona kushandiswa nevateveri vemararamiro ane hutano uye vanhu vakuru.
Iyo yakanyatso kurongeka kuumbwa kwevhithamini B inopa pheasant nyama kugona kuwedzera kurwisa kwemuviri uye inoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha chekudya kwevakadzi vane pamuviri.
Iyo yakaderera kwazvo carbohydrate yemukati inoita kuti pheasant nyama ive chigadzirwa chinokurudzirwa kune vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga uye atherosclerosis.
Pheasant nyama ndechimwe chezvakanakisa zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira uye kurapwa kweanemia, sezvo ichibatsira kuenzanisa fomu yeropa.
Culinary kushandiswa uye kuravira
Kunyangwe ichokwadi chekuti pheasant nyama yakasviba muruvara kana ichienzaniswa nehuku, uye iyo yemafuta yemukati ndeyekurongeka kwehukuru hwakaderera, mushure mekubika chero ipi zvayo haizove yakaoma kana tambo. Uyezve, haidi pre-marination, yakasiyana mukuravira kwakanaka, juiciness uye kunhuhwirira kunofadza.
Kubva pakuona kwekudya, chifuva chehuku chinogona kuonekwa sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha chechitunha. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogadzirirwa, sekutonga, mujusi yaro, uchishandisa pepa rekubika rakadzika. Zvimedu zvepfupa zvinogona kunge zviripo mundiro yakapedzwa, nekuti mapfupa etubula epheasant akaonda uye asina kusimba kupfuura ehuku, uye anowanzo kudonha panguva yekupisa.
Nechinyakare, nyama yeshiri iyi chikamu chevanhu chikafu muCaucasus, pamwe neCentral neAsia Minor nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope.
Kubva panguva dzekare, pheasants yaionekwa sechirairo chakagadzirirwa zviitiko zvakakosha uye chete kune vaenzi vane mukurumbira. Zvitunha zvakaputirwa nehazel grouse, zvihuta uye misi zvaipihwa panguva yemabiko muRoma yekare. Tsarist vanobika muRussia vakawana hombe yekugocha yakazara pheasant zvitunha, kuchengetedza minhenga. Kugadzirira kwechikafu chakadaro kwaida unyanzvi hunoshamisa kubva kumubiki, nokuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti neimwe nzira kuve nechokwadi chokuti shiri iyo yakanga isina kudzurwa yakanga yakakangwa zvakakwana. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakanakisa minhenga yepheasant haifanirwe kunge yakakuvadzwa nemoto.
MuMiddle East, nzira dzekugadzirira nyama yepheasant dzakanga dzisinganyanyi kunyanyisa. Iyo fillet yaingoiswa mupilaf kana kuwedzerwa kune couscous, yakambokangwa necurry kana saffron kuti inakidze.
MuEurope, muto wakagadzirwa kubva pheasant nyama unoshandiswa sehwaro hwe aspic. Mukuwedzera, shiri yacho inowanzobikwa, yakabikwa nehowa, bhero mhiripiri, mabriji anovava nemishonga inonhuhwirira. Uyewo, ne pheasant nyama, yakabviswa kubva pamakumbo, mazamu nemapapiro, omelettes inogadzirwa.
Vabiki vanoisa zvitunha zvepeasant nenzungu uye chestnuts, champignons yakabikwa kana yakakangwa, uye zai rakachekwa rine minhenga yehanyanisi. Uyewo, pheasants "nenzira yekare" yakagochwa pamate. Mbatata, mupunga kana midziyo yemiriwo inoshandiswa sechidimbu chekudya.
Uye zvakare, iyo pheasant yakazviratidza sechinhu chekugadzira inotonhora appetizers, pate uye yemiriwo saladhi nekupfeka kubva kune yakapfava sosi kana mafuta omuorivhi.
Mumaresitorendi akaomesesa, waini inodhura inopihwa nezvidimbu zvefillet mumuto kana zvidimbu zvenyama yakagochwa.
Nzira yekusarudza chigadzirwa
Kuti mhando yechigadzirwa chakatengwa irege kukuodza mwoyo, iwe unofanirwa kusvika kune yakasarudzika sarudzo.
Chokutanga pane zvose, iva nechokwadi chokuti pamberi pako pane chitunha che pheasant, uye kwete imwe shiri. Iyo pheasant ine ganda jena, sehuku, asi nyama ine rima dzvuku kana iri mbishi, mukusiyana nehuku yepinki. Kusiyana kunonyanya kuonekwa pamuenzaniso wemakumbo nemazamu.
Iva nechokwadi chekutarisa nyama kuti itsva. Kuti uite izvi, zvinyoro nyoro pairi nemunwe wako. Kana mushure mezvo ichidzorera chimiro chayo, ipapo chigadzirwa chinogona kutengwa.
Kubika nyama yakakangwa pamafuta emafuta
Kuti ugadzirire ndiro iyi, iwe uchada zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa: imwe chitunha che pheasant, 100 g yebhekoni, 100 k yebhota, munyu uye zvinonhuwira kuti toravira.
Nyatsogeza chitunha chakadzurwa uye chine matumbu kunze nemukati. Isa makumbo nezamu nebhekoni womwaya nemunyu.
Isa zvimedu zvebhekoni mukati mechitunha. Isai pheasant giblets uye chidimbu chiduku chebhotela ipapo.
Isa zvimedu zvebhekoni pamusoro pechitunha.
Fry chitunha chakagadzirirwa nenzira iyi mune pani mu-pre-melted butter. Wedzera mvura nguva nenguva. Fry kusvikira ndarama yakatsvuka. Mbatatisi yakabikwa kana yakakangwa, saradhi yemuriwo kana mupunga inogona kushanda sendiro yekudivi.
Kubika pheasant nyama muchoto
Kuti tigadzirire ndiro iyi, tinoda zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa: pheasant makumbo uye mazamu, 3-4 maspuniji e soy muto, yakaenzana mayonnaise, hanyanisi imwe, munyu, mhiripiri yakasviba, bay leaf, ginger uye shuga kuti toravira.
Gadzirira musanganiswa we soy muto, mayonnaise, munyu, zvinonhuwira uye shuga. Isa nyama nemusanganiswa uyu.
Isa zvimedu zvenyama pamapuranga ezvokudya (kureba kwechidimbu kunofanira kuva 30-40 centimita). Paridzai hanyanisi dzakachekwa woiputira mufoiri kuti musimbise nyama. Ndapota cherechedzai: hapana mupfu kana mvura inofanira kubuda munyama yakaputirwa.
Isa bundle muvheni yakashongedzerwa pahomwe yekubika. Bika kwemaminitsi 60-90.
Iyo pheasant ine munda wemizambiringa yakagadzirira
Kuti ugadzirire chikafu ichi, iwe uchada zvinotevera zvinongedzo: chitunha chimwe chepheasant, maapuro maviri egirini, 200 g yemazambiringa, chipunu chemafuta emiriwo, huwandu hwakafanana hwebhota, 150 ml yewaini yakaoma-yakaoma (100 ml). ichashandiswa pakubika, uye 50 ml yekubika mazambiringa nemaapuro), chipunu cheshuga, munyu uye mhiripiri yakasviba kuti toravira.
Shamba uye woomesa chitunha uchishandisa pepa tauro. Sungunusa bhotela, wedzera pasi pepper uye munyu kwairi uye wozora mukati mechitunha nemusanganiswa unoguma. Geda kumusoro kwenyama nemusanganiswa wemunyu uye pasi pepiresi yakasviba.
Fry nyama mupani kumativi ose maviri kusvikira ganda regoridhe richioneka. Mushure meizvi, isa pheasant mune yakadzika frying pani, dururira muwaini imwe chete uye utumire kuchoto, inopisa kusvika ku200 degrees.
Nguva nenguva, dururira pheasant nemuto unoumba kana nyama yakabikwa, uye shandura chitunha chacho.
Apo nyama iri kubikwa, cheka maapuro. Isa zvimedu mumudziyo muduku, uwedzere mazambiringa uye 50 ml yewaini, pamwe chete neshuga. Simmer uye uwedzere musanganiswa wemichero kune nyama.
Inenge maminitsi makumi matatu isati yapera kubika, bvisa pheasant kubva muchoto uye chisimbiso nefoil. Muchiitiko chekuti mvura ine nguva yekubuda panguva ino, wedzera mvura shoma mumudziyo.