Chii chinouraya nyuchi?
Kufa “kunotapira” kwakamirira nyuchi inoshanda yabhururuka ichienda kunomwanisa miti inorapwa nemishonga yezvipembenene. Mishonga yezvipembenene ndiyo inopfapfaidzwa nevarimi muminda yavo iyo inonzi ndiyo honzeri huru yedenda. Nerubatsiro rwemishonga yakasiyana-siyana, varimi vari kuedza kuchengetedza goho kubva kune zvipukanana, izvo zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera kusimba gore negore, saka zvinhu zvinorwisa zvakanyanya zvinofanira kushandiswa kurwisa. Zvisinei, zvipembenene zvinouraya kwete chete "zvisingadiwi" zvipembenene, asiwo munhu wose mumutsara - kusanganisira nyuchi. Muchiitiko ichi, minda inogadziriswa kanopfuura kamwe chete pagore. Semuenzaniso, rapeseed inopfapfaidzwa nehupfu 4-6 nguva pamwaka. Nenzira yakanaka, varimi vanofanira kunyevera vapfuri venyuchi nezvekurima kuri kuuya kwevhu, asi mukuita izvi hazviitike nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Chekutanga, varimi vangasatomboziva kuti kune maapiyari pedyo, ivo kana varidzi venyuchi havaoni zvakakodzera kubvumirana. Chechipiri, varidzi veminda vanowanzova nehanya chete nekubatsirwa kwavo, uye vangave vasingazive nezve kukanganisa kwemabasa avo pane zvakatipoteredza, kana kuti havadi kufunga nezvazvo. Chechitatu, kune twumbuyu hunogona kuparadza goho rose mumazuva mashoma, saka varimi vanoshaya nguva yekuyambira vapfuri venyuchi nezvekugadzirisa.
Maererano nemasayendisiti eAmerica, kunze kwemishonga yezvipembenene, zvimwe zvikonzero zvitatu zvine mhosva yekufa kwenyuchi pasi rose: kupisa kwepasi, Varroa mite inoparadzira mavhairasi, uye inonzi colony collapse syndrome, apo nyuchi dzenyuchi dzinobva pakarepo kubva mumukoko.
MuRussia, minda yakapfapfaidzwa nemishonga yezvipembenene kwenguva yakareba, uye nyuchi dzave dzichifa neizvi kwemakore akawanda. Nekudaro, raive 2019 iro rakava gore iro chipembenene chakakura zvakanyanya zvekuti kwete chete dunhu, asiwo vezvenhau vehurumende vakatanga kutaura nezvazvo. Kufa kukuru kwenyuchi munyika kunobatanidzwa nenyaya yekuti nyika yakatanga kugovera mari yakawanda yekurima, nzvimbo itsva dzevhu dzakatanga kugadzirwa, uye mutemo wakanga usina kugadzirira kudzora mabasa avo.
Ndiani ane mhosva?
Kuti varimi vazive kuti nyuchi dzinogara pedyo navo, vanochengeta nyuchi vanofanira kunyoresa maapiyari uye kuzivisa varimi nehurumende dzematunhu nezvavo. Hapana mutemo wemubatanidzwa unodzivirira vapfuri nyuchi. Zvisinei, pane mitemo yekushandiswa kwemakemikari, maererano nemapurazi ehurumende anosungirwa kunyevera vapfuri venyuchi nezvekurapa nemishonga yezvipembenene mazuva matatu mberi: ratidza mushonga, nzvimbo yekushandiswa (mukati memakiromita manomwe), nguva. uye nzira yekurapa. Mushure mekunge vawana ruzivo urwu, varimi vanofanira kuvhara mikoko voenda nayo kure nemakiromita manomwe kubva panzvimbo yakapfapfaidza chepfu. Iwe unogona kudzorera nyuchi mushure memazuva gumi nemaviri gare gare. Iko kushandiswa kusingadzoreki kwemishonga inouraya nyuchi.
Muna 2011, mvumo yekudzora kugadzirwa, kuchengetedza, kutengesa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals yakabviswa kubva kuRosselkhoznadzor. Sezvo munyori wezvenhau wedhipatimendi Yulia Melano akaudza vatori venhau, izvi zvakaitwa padanho reBazi reEconomic Development, iro rinofanirwa kutora mutoro wekufa kwenyuchi, pamwe nekudyiwa kwevanhu vezvigadzirwa zvine huwandu hwakawandisa hwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene. nitrate uye nitrate. Akacherechedzawo kuti ikozvino kutariswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals mumichero nemichero yemiti inoitwa chete neRospotrebnadzor, uye chete kana zvinhu zvinotengeswa muzvitoro. Saka, chirevo chechokwadi chete chinoitika: kana huwandu hwehupfu muchigadzirwa chakapedzwa hwakapfuura kana kwete. Mukuwedzera, kana zvinhu zvisina kuchengetedzeka zvakaonekwa, Rospotrebnadzor mumuviri haina nguva yekubvisa zvinhu zvakaderera kubva pakutengesa. Rosselkhoznadzor anotenda kuti zvakakosha kupa Bazi rezvekurima simba rekudzora kugadzirwa, kuchengetedza, kutengesa uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye agrochemicals nekukurumidza kuitira kuti ichinje mamiriro ezvinhu.
Iye zvino varimi nevarimi vanofanira kutaurirana vari voga, vogadzirisa matambudziko avo vega. Zvisinei, kazhinji havanzwisisi. Vezvenhau vari kutanga kutaura nyaya iyi. Zvakakosha kuzivisa vose varimi nevarimi nezvehukama hwemabasa avo.
Ndezvipi zvinoguma?
Kudya chepfu. Kuderera kwehuchi ndicho chinhu chekutanga chinouya mupfungwa. Chigadzirwa chacho, chinowanikwa nenyuchi dzine chepfu, chichava nemishonga yezvipembenene iyo "yakarapwa" kune zvipembenene muminda. Mukuwedzera, huwandu hwehuchi pamasherufu huchaderedzwa, uye mari yechigadzirwa ichawedzera. Kune rumwe rutivi, uchi hausi chigadzirwa chevegan, nokuti zvisikwa zvipenyu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirwa kwayo. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvirongo zvine chinyorwa "Honey" zvicharamba zvichiendeswa kuzvitoro, sezvo pane kudiwa kwaro, kuumbwa chete kuchave kusina chokwadi uye kusina ngozi kune hutano hwevanhu.
Kuderera kwegoho. Chokwadi, kana ukasachetura zvipembenene, zvinoparadza zvirimwa. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, kana pasina munhu anosvibisa zvirimwa, saka hazvizobereki michero. Varimi vanoda rubatsiro rwenyuchi, saka vanofanira kufarira kuchengetedza huwandu hwavo kuitira kuti vasazosvibisa maruva nemabhurashi, sezvavanoita kuChina, uko kemisitiri yaishandiswawo zvisingadzoreki kare.
Kukanganiswa kweEcosystem. Munguva yekurapa kweminda nemishonga yezvipembenene, kwete nyuchi chete dzinofa, asiwo zvimwe zvipembenene, shiri duku uye dzepakati-kati, pamwe nemakonzo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiyero che ecological chinokanganiswa, nekuti zvese muzvisikwa zvakabatana. Kana iwe ukabvisa imwe link kubva kune ecological cheni, inodonha zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kana muchetura uchigona kuwanikwa muuchi, zvakadini nezvinomera zvinorapwa pachazvo? Nezvemuriwo, michero kana mhodzi imwe chete? Zvinhu zvine ngozi zvinogona kupinda mumuviri wedu patinenge tisingazvitarisiri uye zvinokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Naizvozvo, haisati yasvika nguva yekuti vapfuri venyuchi varidze alarm, asiwo kune vese vane hanya nezvehutano hwavo! Kana kuti unoda maapuro ane muto ane mishonga yezvipembenene?