Pollinosis: zvinokonzera, zviratidzo uye kurapwa

Lachrymation, rhinitis uye chikosoro - zvose izvi zviratidzo vanhu vakawanda vanozviona sezviratidzo zvekutanga kwechando. Zvisinei, kana vakavhiringidza munhu muchirimo, zhizha kana matsutso, uyewo kudzokorora panguva imwe chete, saka izvi hazviratidzi utachiona hweHIV, asi mwaka hay fever.

hay fever (kubva muchiLatin "pollen" kana pollen) chirwere chegomarara chinozviratidza panguva yekutumbuka kwemiti. Muchiitiko ichi, munhu anotanga kuhotsira, kukosora, anogona kutambura nekurwisa asima, dzimwe nguva mapundu eganda anoonekwa. Sekureva kweCDC, 8,1% yevagari vanorwara nekume. ^[1].

Pollinosis inokura muvanhu vakagamuchira jena rakaremara kubva kuvabereki vavo. Kwenguva yekutanga, chirwere ichi chinozviita pachedu pazera rekutanga. Vakadzi vanowanzotambura nehay fever. Kana iyo isina kurapwa, zvino inotyisidzira kuva isingaperi, iyo mune ramangwana ichaita kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwebronchial asthma.

Zvinokonzera hay fever

Pollinosis inozviratidza mumunhu akachinja majini, chaizvo panguva iyo miti inotanga kuputika, iyo kudzivirirwa kwake kunobata zvakasimba. Aya majini anoita kuti immune system iite, izvo zvinotungamira kune pathological reaction.

Izvi zvinomera zvakasvibiswa nemhepo. Pollen yavo isingaoneki, pamwe chete nemhepo yakafemeswa, inopinda mubronchi, mucous membranes yemiromo, maziso, uye muromo wemuromo. Inonamatirawo paganda. Mune imwe neimwe yezvimiro zvakanyorwa pane masero ekudzivirira anoona mapollen particles ayo ari pathological kwavari uye anotanga kuburitsa histamine uye histidine muropa. Kuita kwakadaro kwemuviri kunoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvinoenderana.

Genetic kufungidzira

Mikana yekukura hay fever mumwana:

• Kana vabereki vose vari allergic, ipapo mwana anowedzera chirwere mu50% yezviitiko.

• Kana amai kana baba chete vachitambura nepollinosis, ipapo mukana wekuvandudza chirwere mumwana ndeye 25%.

• Kana vabereki vasina allergies, saka mukana wekukudziridza mumwana ndeye 10%. Kunze kwekuti anogara munzvimbo dzakanaka kubva pakuzvarwa, akazvarwa munguva yechando kana kutanga kwechirimo (kwete panguva yekutumbuka kwezvirimwa), uye zvakare asingawanzo kusangana nehutachiona hwehutachiona, mukana wehay fever unoderedzwa.

Masayendisiti akaona zvimwe zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinowedzera mukana wekuita allergies mumwana.

Dzinosanganisira:

• Mwana akaberekwa kubva kumukadzi uyo, munguva yekupedzisira yenhumbu, akatambura acute hay fever.

• Mwana akazvarwa munguva yekudziya.

• Mwana anogara munzvimbo ine mamiriro ekunze asina kunaka.

• Mumwedzi mitanhatu yekutanga yehupenyu hwake muguta, zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakaburitswa mumhepo kubva kumaindasitiri eindasitiri.

• Zvokudya zvekuwedzera zvakaunzwa kumucheche nekukurumidza, kana pasina kucherechedza mitemo yekutanga.

• Mwana aidya chikafu chine maprotein compounds akafanana nealler pollen.

Nguva dzemaruva dzezvirimwa:

Munhu anogona kunzwa zviratidzo zvekutanga zvefivha kare kare muchirimo - pakupera kwaApril kana pakutanga kwaMay. Pollen yemiti yakadai se: alder, hazel, birch, poplar, oak kana linden inogona kumutsa kukura kwayo. Zvishoma kazhinji, chikonzero cheallergic reaction ndiyo pollen yemiti yakadai se: spruce, fir, cedar, pine. Ichokwadi ndechokuti zvimedu zvemukume wavo zvakakura, saka, havasi vanhu vose vanokonzera zvirwere.

Kumwe kubuda kwechirwere kunoonekwa pakupera kwaMay, pakutanga kwaChikunguru. Panguva ino, zviyo zvinotumbuka. Pollinosis inogona kutsamwiswa nezvinomera zvinorimwa (bhari, gorosi, oats, rye) uye sora (sofa uswa, feather grass, bent uswa, foxtail, timothy, ryegrass). Kana munhu achitambura neallergies kune pollen yemiti iyi, uye zvakare achidya zviyo kubva pazviyo zvakanyorwa, ipapo kurwara kwake kuchave kwakanyanya. Muchiitiko ichi, zvipembenene zvichapinda mumuviri kwete nemhepo chete, asiwo nechikafu. Izvo hazvifanirwe kutarisirwa kuti kupisa kurapwa kuchachinja kemikari yeaallergen protein. Zvichiri kumutsa allergic reaction.

Vanhu vazhinji vanotenda kuti poplar fluff ndiyo inokonzera kusawirirana kwavo. Kutaura zvazviri, haigoni kupinda mumhepo yekufema, sezvo yakakura zvikuru. Nekudaro, iyo fluff inotakura mukume yakanaka pachayo, saka inokonzeresa kuitika kwehay fever.

Allergy inowanzotanga pakupera kwaChikunguru, muna Nyamavhuvhu uye munaGunyana. Munguva iyi, masora akadai se ragweed, quinoa, gavakava uye nettles anotumbuka.

Pollinosis haitambudzi munhu gore rose. Inokura muvagari venzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze apo zvirimwa zvinotumbuka muhuwandu. Semuenzaniso, munyika dzekumaodzanyemba, chirwere chinoratidza kare, uye munyika dzekuchamhembe, gare gare.

Iyo ine mhedzisiro pamvura yepollinosis. Kana ivo vachienda kazhinji, saka munhu anoshivirira allergies nyore nyore. Mukusanaya kwemvura, zviratidzo zvepollinosis zviri kuwedzera. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mhepo yakaoma inotakura mukume zviri nani, uye inoiparadzira pamusoro pezvinhambwe zvinokatyamadza. Mvura, pane kudaro, roverera pasi. Kana kutonhora kwemhepo kuchidonha, ipapo munhu anova nani, sezvo pollen isingasimuki pamusoro pezinga remakumbo. Nekudaro, pamberi pemabhanan'ana, kuwanda kwemukume mumhepo kunowedzera zvakanyanya.

Zvikonzero zvehay fever

Mikana yekukura hay fever mumwana:

• Kuva nemamwe allergies kana asthma

• Kuvapo kweatopic dermatitis (eczema)

• Kuva nehama yeropa (semubereki kana munin'ina) ine allergies kana asthma

• Basa rinogara richikufumura kune allergens senge mhuka dander kana guruva mite

• Ngozi inowedzerwa kana amai vakasvuta mugore rokutanga roupenyu hwomwana.

Zviratidzo zvehay fever

Munhu anotambura nepollinosis achaona kuti chirwere chinoratidza panguva imwe chete gore negore.

Zviratidzo zvaro zvekutanga ndezvi:

• Kukwenya mumhuno, pahuro, munzeve.

• Sneezing

• Lachrymation uye kuvaviwa mumaziso. Allergic conjunctivitis inoratidzwa ne photophobia uye kunzwa kwejecha mumaziso.

Maawa mashoma mushure mekunge iyo allergen yapinda munzira yekufema, munhu anogadzira chimwe kana zvimwe zvezvinotevera zviratidzo:

• Kuzvimba uye kutsvuka kwemaziso, pamwe chete ne mucous membrane yemaziso.

• Zvinyorwa zvePurulent zvinotanga kumira kunze kwemaziso.

• Murwere ane paroxysmal chikosoro.

• Kufema kwakaoma, panogona kunge paine kurwiswa kwekudzipwa.

• Kupisa kwemuviri kunokwira kusvika kune subfebrile mazinga.

• Munhu anoshatirwa, kuneta kwake kunowedzera.

• Mapundu anoonekwa paganda. Vanogona kutaridzika semavara makuru, sekunge nemikoko, kana kuva muchimiro chechidiki chepunctate rash, chiyeuchidzo cheatopic dermatitis.

• Nhengo dzesikarudzi dzinogona kutanga kuvava.

• Vanorwara neallergies vanowanzova nezviratidzo zve cystitis. Vanotanga kushanyira chimbuzi nguva nenguva kuti vabudise dundira ravo. Panguva yekudonha, marwadzo anopinza anoonekwa, pamwe nekunzwa kuti nhengo haina zvachose.

• Kana munhu akaita allergies kune rye, oat kana gorosi pollen uye panguva imwechete achidya zvigadzirwa izvi, ipapo allergy ichave yakanyanya. Murwere ane zviratidzo zvekukuvadza kunhengo dzekufema, uye zvakare anowedzera edema ye mucous membrane yegumbo rekudya nekuzvimba kwavo. Izvi zvichange zvichiratidzwa nekurwadziwa kwemudumbu, kusvotwa, marara asina kusimba, uye manyoka.

Cross allergy. Munguva yekuwedzera kwepollinosis, mukana wekuita muchinjikwa unowedzera. Panguva imwecheteyo, zviratidzo zvechirwere chinokonzera zviri kuwedzera. Izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwechikonzero chekuti maantigen ane chimiro chakafanana kune makuru allergens anopinda mumuviri. Kazhinji kazhinji, bviro yavo ndeyekudya, izvo zvichatsanangurwa gare gare munyaya yacho.

Vhidhiyo: Natalia Ilyina, allergist-immunologist, MD, purofesa, chiremba mukuru weInstitute of Immunology, achataura nezve hay fever:

Kururamisa mararamiro

Apo chirwere chacho chinowedzera, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti allergen inopinda mumuviri zvishoma sezvinobvira. Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kuchenesa zvipfeko zvako, muviri uye imba yako kubva mukume zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.

Mirayiridzo kumurwere yekutevera:

• Shamba mhino nepahuro nesaline, munyu wegungwa, kana munyu (Humer, Aquamaris).

• Geza kakawanda uye wogeza kumeso kwako nemvura yakachena. Iva nechokwadi chekuita maitiro aya mushure mekudzoka kubva mumugwagwa.

• Zuva nezuva kuita wet kuchenesa mufurati.

• Mushure memvura uye manheru, ventilate mukamuri.

• Deredza nguva yako kunze kwemazuva anopisa uye ane mhepo.

• Zorora munzvimbo dzine miviri yemvura uye zvirimwa zvinokonzeresa allergies hazvikure.

• Usabva muguta panguva yemaruva.

• Humidify mhepo mufurati. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kutenga humidifier, mahwindo anofanira kusungirirwa neyakanyorova gauze. Inoda kugezwa nguva nenguva uye kuona kuti haina kuoma.

• Makapeti, mapillow eminhenga, magumbeze epasi, matoyi akapfava. Vese vanounganidza guruva uye mukume, saka ivo vanove sosi yeaallergenic.

Munguva yechando, iwe unofanirwa kuisa pfungwa pakuwedzera kudzivirira kwemuviri:

• Namatira kumuitiro wezuva nezuva.

• kuomesa.

• Kuramba tsika dzakaipa.

• Ita mutambo.

Kutevedzera kudya

Kudya kunofanirwa kugadzirwa nenzira yekuti muviri haugamuchire zvigadzirwa zvinogona kumutsa allergies. Pasi pekurambidzwa kunowira uchi, mukaka, michero yecitrus, chokoti.

Zvikamu zvechikafu chehay fever:

Kutora mishonga

Antihistamines. Nheyo yekurapa hay fever ndeye antihistamines. Ivo vanovhara kugadzirwa kwe histamine, kudzoreredza zvinowanzoitika allergy zviratidzo. Munguva yekuwedzera kwechirwere, mishonga yezera rekutanga inorayirwa: Suprastin, Tavegil, Diazolin, nezvimwewo.

Kurapa nemishonga yechizvarwa chekutanga kunogona kuwedzerwa nemishonga yechizvarwa chechitatu. Chinhu chavo chinosiyanisa kusavapo kwekunzwa kurara.

Mari idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Cetirizine, Cetrin, Zodak, Zyrtec, L-cet.

• Fexofast (Allegra, Fexadine).

• Loratadine (Claritin, Klarotadine).

• Erius (Edheni, Lordestin, Desloratadine-TEVA, Desal).

Mukuwedzera, antihistamines inoshandiswa nenzira yemadonhwe:

• Kromoglin (Kromoheksal, Kromosol).

• Kupfapfaidza Allergodil.

• Beconase (Nasobek), Avamys (Nazarel). Mishonga iyi inowanikwa nenzira yezviputi zvemhino, ine glucocorticosteroid hormone, saka inorayirwa chete kana hay fever yakaoma ne sinusitis.

Antihistamines yechizvarwa chekutanga cheacute allergies inorayirwa pasina kukanganisa. Vanofanira kutorwa zvishoma kwekosi pfupi. Vanomisa zviratidzo zveallergies, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune murwere kufema. Tora mishonga usati warara. Pakati pezuva, unogona kushandisa 1rd chizvarwa zvigadzirwa izvo zvisingakonzere hope.

Kana, mushure mokubviswa kwe antihistamines, zviratidzo zvefivha hazviregi, ipapo Ketotifen inoshandiswa pakurapa. Uyu mushonga une nguva yakareba mhedzisiro inovhara histamine receptors. Izvo zvichave zvichigoneka kunzwa maitiro ayo ekurapa pamuviri chete mushure memwedzi 1-2 kubva pakutanga kwekurapa. Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu acharega kutambura kubva mumhino inoyerera, achava nekuputika uye lacrimation, pamwe chete nekurwadziwa kunorwadza chikosoro.

Oral corticosteroids. Kana pollinosis ine kosi yakaoma, saka kwenguva pfupi murwere anorayirwa glucocorticosteroid zvinodhaka (Metipred kana Prednisolone). Mukuwirirana, munhu anofanira kutora mishonga kudzivirira dumbu, somuenzaniso, Omeprazole kana Almagel. Kushandiswa kwenguva refu kunorambidzwa, sezvo vanokonzera cataracts, kushaya simba kwemhasuru uye osteoporosis.

Nasal corticosteroids. Zvipfapfaidza zverudzi urwu zvinorapa kuzvimba kunokonzerwa nefivha. Vanopa yakachengeteka uye inoshanda kwenguva refu kurapwa. Unogona kuona mhedzisiro yekutanga muvhiki. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa inosanganisira Flixonase, Altsedin, Nasonex, Avamys, Polydex uye mamwe analogues. Uye kusiyana neoral corticosteroids, sprays yakachengeteka. ^[3].

Sublingual immunotherapy (ASIT). Immunotherapy zvishoma nezvishoma inoderedza kunzwisiswa kwevarwere kune allergens inokonzera zviratidzo zvavo (mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kurapwa kunogona kuva kwenguva refu, kusvika kumakore 4-5). Nekudaro, zvinotungamira kukuregererwa kwenguva refu uye zvakare kudzivirira kukura kweasthma uye kutsva kweallergies. ^[4].

Mishonga iyi inosanganisira: Antipollin, Diater, Lays Dermatophagoides uye Lays Grass, Allergens Staloral nevamwe, asi mishonga iyi inofanira kunyorerwa kwauri chete nachiremba, mushure mekuziva allergen! Kuzvirapa hazvibvumirwi, sezvo mushonga wega wega unoshanda seimwe allergen.

Iyo ASIT kosi inoratidzwa mumwaka unotonhora. Chiremba anopinza allergen pasi peganda mudiki dosage (izvi zvichadzivirira anaphylactic shock), kana kuti anorayira mishonga yemuromo kumba. Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera dose ye allergen. Izvi zvinobvumira muviri kuti uenderane kune chimwe chinhu chisiri icho, uye kana nguva yemaruva yasvika, munhu anenge akagadzirira.

Dzimwe nguva 1 kosi yeASIT yakakwana kubata nefivha fever. Kunyangwe mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinoda kudzokororwa kwemakore akati wandei.

Kubviswa kwezviratidzo zvechirwere

Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvehuy fever zvinouya, murwere anogona kunyorerwa mishonga yakadai se:

• Vasoconstrictor zvinodhaka – Nazol, Lazolvan-rino, NOKsprey. Mishonga iyi inoshandiswa pakufema kwemhino kwakaoma. Nguva yekushandiswa kwavo mazuva manomwe. Izvo zvinorayirwa chete kana mhino yemhino yakasimba kwazvo uye pane mukana wekukura sinusitis.

• Neasthma — Akorati, Mumwe. Iyi mishonga ndeye leukotriene antagonists. Izvo zvinorayirwa kana zviratidzo zvebronchial asthma zvichionekwa, kana munhu achinetseka kufema pakufema, kurwisa kweasthma kunoitika.

• Nekuzvimba kwemaziso - Ketotifen uye Vizin Allergy. Aya madonhwe eziso anoshandiswa pakuzvimba kwakanyanya kwenhengo dzekuona uye nekuomarara kwakanyanya.

mishonga yechisikigo

Turmeric ine anti-allergic uye yakasikwa decongestant zvivakwa. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti turmeric inodzvinyirira allergic reaction ^[5].

Ongororo ye2012 yezvidzidzo gumi yakawana kuti saline nasal rinsing yaive nerubatsiro kune vese vana nevakuru vane hay fever. ^[6].

Vhidhiyo: Chii chekuita kana hay fever ichikanganisa hupenyu?