Trichinosis muvanhu

Trichinellosis - imwe yemhando dzakasiyana dze helminthiasis. Chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nekudyiwa kweparasite diki yekirasi yenematodes. Trichinella akura pabonde anoisa mhungu mudumbu remunhu, uye mushure meizvozvo, mapere anopinda mumhasuru nekuyerera kweropa, uye anoramba arimo mune yakarara. Pamasvondo 3-4 kubva pakatanga hutachiona, mapere anokura uye anovharwa ne capsule. Iyo causative agent yechirwere igonye rakatenderera kusvika ku 0,5 mm kureba, richitora chimiro che spiral.

Kuwanda kwe trichinosis

Trichinosis muvanhu ndeyeboka rebiohelminthiasis, sezvo inokonzerwa nehonye yeparasitic - Trichinella. Chirwere ichi chinowanikwa mumhuka nevanhu. Mhando huru dzemhuka dzinowanzobatwa ne trichinosis ndeidzi: mhumhi, gava, bere, mbira, nguruve yemusango. Nguruve dzemumba dzinobatwawo nemhando iyi yehelminthiasis. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana nguruve dzichifura, pazvinenge zvave kuwanikwa kuti dzidye nyama yemhuka dzakafa nemakonzo maduku.

Zvikonzero zvekupararira kwe trichinosis:

• Kugadzikana kwakanaka kwepathogen kune tembiricha yakakwira uye yakaderera yakamupa kugara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemamiriro ekunze;

• Muviri wemunhu unobatwa zvakanyanya nechirwere ichi;

• Kuputika kweboka rehelminthiasis hazviwanzoitiki pakati penhengo dzeboka rimwe chete kana mhuri imwe yakadya nyama neTrichinella;

• Mhosva dzinodzokororwa dzehutachiona dzinoitika nekuda kwekudzivirira kusina kugadzikana kwakagadzirwa mushure mekutanga kupinda.

Trichinella mutate, mhando itsva dzema nematodes dzinoonekwa dzisingagadziri capsule, pamwe nemhando dzinoparadza shiri.

Nzira dzehutachiona ne trichinosis

Trichinella inopinda mumuviri wemunhu nemuromo, kana uchidya nyama ine utachiona. Zvipembenene munyama zvinofa panguva yekupisa, saka nyama isina kubikwa, yakarapwa uye mbishi inotakura njodzi huru. Nguruve ine utachiona, nyama yechidhindo, nyama yebheya, uye nyama yenguruve dzomusango zvine ngozi zvikuru.

Kukura kwe trichinosis mumuviri wemunhu mushure mekutapukirwa:

Zviratidzo zvekutanga uye zviratidzo zve trichinosis

Trichinosis muvanhu haikonzeri kukuvadza kunooneka kumuviri. Iko hakuna shanduko munyama yemasuru. Kukuvadza kuhutano kunokonzerwa nemapuroteni anoumba muviri weparasite. Izvo zvine simba zvakanyanya allergens, zvinhu zvekunze. Iyo yakasimba yeallergic reaction inokonzerwa navo inotungamirira kukuvadzwa kwemidziyo yeropa uye majoini.

Iyo incubation nguva ye trichinosis. Inotora kubva pa5 kusvika kumazuva makumi matatu, kazhinji - mazuva 30-10. Hapana zviratidzo zvechirwere. Pane chimiro - iyo yakanyanya kuoma chimiro che helminthiasis, iyo yakareba iyo latent (yakavanzwa) nguva.

Period in full swing. Nguva yakareba yekukura kwechiratidzo inoratidza kukura kwechimiro chakanyanya che trichinosis.

Zvinyoro uye zvine mwero fomu - zviratidzo:

• Hyperthermia. Kupisa kunokwira zvishoma, kupfuura 37 ° C, amplitude yezuva nezuva inosiyana mukati me1 ° C.

• Kuzvimba pamuviri nemakumbo. Chikonzero chayo ndechekuita kweallergic kune kuiswa kweprotein yekunze. Chiratidzo chechiratidzo ndeche "frog face" yemurwere.

• Marwadzo etsandanyama ari kumusoro uye kuzasi, tsandanyama dzemusana, mutsipa, maziso, pharynx, peritoneum. Marwadzo akanyanya anotanga mumhasuru dzemhuru, anokanganisa muromo wechibereko uye kutsenga. Marwadzo acho anowedzera ne palpation uye kufamba. Vanogona kutanga kuvhiringidza murwere kubva pamazuva 1-3 ekuiswa kweparasite mumuviri. Kuonekwa kwekutanga kwekurwadziwa kwemhasuru chiratidzo chechimiro chakanyanya che trichinosis.

Rash paganda. Iine mafomu akasiyana:

1. Muchimiro che allergic urticaria - pink blisters yehukuru hwakasiyana-siyana, inoshanduka yakacheneruka kana yakamanikidzwa;

2. Mablister anotsvuka akasimudzwa pamusoro peganda (urticaria);

3. Mapoka emaplaques akabatana pamwe chete (papular rash).

Zvinetso mumhando dzakakomba dze trichinosis:

• Meningoencephalitis kuzvimba kwetambo yeuropi.

• Kuzvimba kwemapapu (eosinophilic pneumonia). Chirwere chacho chinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu mumapapu emapapu eosinophils - zvigadzirwa zveallergic reaction. Zvichida kukura kwepleurisy, kuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvebronchial asthma.

• Myocarditis kuzvimba kwemyocardium nekuda kweallergies uye kuwandisa kwesimba remuviri remuviri. Kazhinji kupfuura mamwe matambudziko anova chikonzero chekufa kwevarwere.

• Nephritis kuzvimba kweitsvo tishu.

• Hepatitis kuzvimba kwechiropa.

• Kunzwa kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mumasumbu kunotungamirira kune chikamu kana kukanganisa kwakakwana kwekufamba.

Kufa kwakaoma kwechirwere chechirwere ndeye 10-30% yehuwandu hwevarwere. Nguva inowanzoitika yekufa kwemavhiki 4-8 kubva pakatanga hutachiona. Nemhando dzakapfava, mushure memavhiki mashanu-5, varwere vanopora.

Zviratidzo zve trichinosis zvichienderana nedanho rechirwere

Kuratidzwa kwe trichinosis panguva yekutanga kwechirwere kunoenderana nehuwandu hwezvipembenene mumuviri. Kuwedzera kukura kwechirwere kunoenderana nekupararira kwemhunga mumasumbu uye mamiriro ekudzivirira kwemurwere. Zvinetso zvakakomba zve helminthiasis zvinosanganiswa nemhinduro isina kukwana yemuviri kusvika pakuiswa kweprotein yekunze mumuviri, uye kwete kune basa reTrichinella nemarara avo.

Zviratidzo zve trichinosis muvanhu zvinogona kufanana nekuratidzwa kwemyositis, allergies, uye zvirwere zvinotapukira. Uyu mufananidzo unotungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti murwere haazivi kuonekwa kwe helminthiasis maari.

Zviratidzo zve trichinosis muvana

Kuti uparadze mwana, zvakakwana kudya nyama diki ine trichinella inorema 10-15 g, iyo isati yawana kupisa kwakakwana. Iyo latent nguva inotora kubva pa5 kusvika ku45 mazuva. Iyo ipfupi nguva iyi, iyo yakanyanya kuoma chirwere mumwana.

1. Zviratidzo padanho rekutanga. Inotora mazuva 7-14, mushure mekupora, zviratidzo zviduku zvinoonekwa kwemazuva 7-10.

   • Hyperthermia kusvika 38,5 ° C:

   • Kuzvimba zvishoma kwechiso;

   • kurwadziwa kwemhasuru nyoro;

   • Edema yemaziso;

   • Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe eosinophils ne 10-12%.

2. Zviratidzo zviri pakati nepakati. Nguva yakaoma inotora kusvika kumavhiki matatu, kugadzirisa - mavhiki 3-2 mushure mekupora.

   • Hyperthermia kusvika ku40 ° C, antipyretic mishonga inoderedza iyo isingapfuuri 1 ° C;

   • Kurwadziwa kwemhasuru, majoini, dumbu nehuro;

   • Kuputika kweganda;

   • kuzvimba kwechiso;

   • Migumisiro yekuongorora ropa rose: ESR yakawedzera (pamusoro pe17 mm / h), leukocytes yakawedzera (kusvika ku8,8 10).⁹/ l), kuwanda kwe eosinophils kwakawedzera kusvika 25-40%.

3. Zviratidzo zviri padanho rakaoma. Inorapwa mudhipatimendi rezvirwere zvinotapukira muchipatara, pasina kurapwa mwana anogona kufa.

   • hyperthermia kusvika 41 ° C;

   • Kuwedzera kwechiropa uye spleen;

   • CNS kukanganisa: delirium, kubvongodza, pfari pfari;

   • Kurwiswa kwekurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu;

   • manyoka, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa;

   • Kurwadza kwetsandanyama kwakanyanya, kuomeswa nekugwinha;

   • Subcutaneous hemorrhages uye mapundu;

   • Zviratidzo zvekuongororwa kweropa: Leukocytes kusvika 30-40 × 10⁹/l; ESR kusvika 50-60 mm / h; kuwedzera eosinophils kusvika 80 - 90%;

   • Masilinda uye mapuroteni ari muweti.

Kurapa kwe trichinosis muvana kunoitwa nemishonga yeanthelmintic (Thiabendazole, Vermox) maererano nehuremu hwemuviri uye zera remwana.

Mishonga yechiratidzo chekurapa kwe trichinosis:

• Ibuprofen, Paracetamol - kuderedza kupisa, kubvisa marwadzo;

• Tsetrin, Loratadin - antihistamines kuderedza kudhakwa uye allergy kuratidzwa;

• Papaverine, No-shpa - antispasmodics kuderedza marwadzo;

• Mavhitaminzi emapoka C uye B kuvandudza hutachiona.

Kugadziriswa mushure mechirwere kunoitwa nerubatsiro rwemassage sessions, mabhati negungwa remunyu uye mishonga yemishonga, yakaoma yekurapa maitiro.

Kuongororwa kwe trichinellosis

Kuongororwa kweropa kwakawanda. Ne trichinosis muvanhu, zvinyorwa zve eosinophils, rudzi rwe leukocyte, zvinowedzera zvakanyanya muropa. Kuwanda kwemasero machena eropa kunowanzo wedzera nekusawirirana kwakanyanya, kusanganisira allergies inoperekedza trichinosis.

Shanduko mukuumbwa kweropa, akaonekwa aine trichinosis:

• Nhamba ye eosinophils inosvika kubva ku50 kusvika ku80% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hweleukocytes;

• Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe leukocytes chiratidzo chekushandiswa kwekudzivirira uye kuvapo kwechirwere chemuviri mumuviri.

Zviratidzo izvi zvinoonekwa pakarepo mushure mekutapukirwa, zvinopfuurira 2-3 mwedzi mushure mekupora.

Serological chirwere. Kuongororwa kwekuita kweropa kune zvakabatanidzwa maantigens anowanikwa kubva kune nematode larvae inoitwa. Masoja ekudzivirira zvirwere kwavari anoumbwa semhinduro kune kuiswa kwehelminths.

Mhando dze serological diagnostics:

Intravenous allergy test. Inoitwa kumutsa allergic reaction mukupindura kuiswa kwe trichinosis antigen. Chikamu cheantigen solution chinobayiwa pasi peganda. Kuvapo kwechirwere kunoratidzwa nekuonekwa kwe hyperemia uye tsvuku panzvimbo yejojo. Iyi nzira inokwanisa kuongorora trichinosis masvondo maviri eutachiona hwenematode. Mhedzisiro yakanaka yeallergic test inopfuurira kwemakore 2-5.

Tsandanyama biopsy. Inoitwa mukusavapo kwechigumisiro chakanaka kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzekutsvakurudza. Pasi pemaikorosikopu, iyo biomaterial inowanikwa netsono kubva pamhasuru yemurwere inodzidzwa.

Kudzidza nyama yemhuka dzinorwara. Nekuwedzera kwakawanda, nyama yemhuka, iyo inonzi inokonzera utachiona, inoongororwa. Kushandisa microscope, capsules nemhou inowanikwa mumasumbu emhuka inorwara.

Kurapa kwe trichinellosis

Anthelmintic zvinodhaka (mushonga une chinangwa kurwisa causative agent yechirwere):

• mumazuva matatu okutanga; 100 mg katatu pazuva;

• mazuva gumi anotevera; 10 mg katatu pazuva.

Vana vari pasi pemakore manomwe: 7 mg yemishonga katatu pazuva. Vana vane makore manomwe; Makore 25: katatu pazuva, 3 mg. Vakura kupfuura makore gumi:

• mumazuva matatu okutanga; 100 mg 2-3 nguva pazuva;

• ipapo kwemazuva gumi, 10 mg katatu pazuva.

Tora mushure mekudya. (; Zadzisa rereferensi bhuku renyanzvi yechirwere chinotapukira; rakapepetwa neDMN, prof., nhengo inowirirana yeRAE uye REA Eliseeva Yu.Yu.,; Eksmo;, 2007)

Kurapa kwezviratidzo zve trichinosis

Mukana wepamusoro wekufa, nguva dzose kuchinja kwechirwere kune fomu yakaoma, nhamba yakawanda yezvinetso zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekurapa trichinosis chete muchipatara. Pasinei neizvi, kubva pa10 kusvika ku30% yezviitiko zvinouraya.

Kune varwere vakagamuchira kukuvadzwa kwemhasuru kwakanyanya, kunyatsotarisirwa kunodiwa, sezvo varwere vacho vasina kusimba zvachose uye vakarara. Kuti udzorere kufamba, varwere vanogadziriswa vachishandisa masaja uye physiotherapy nzira.

Symptomatic kurapwa kwe trichinosis muvanhu inowedzerwa nevhitamini therapy, mishonga yekukurudzira kutenderera kweropa, kuchengetedza chiropa uye uropi (kana nhengo idzi dzakakanganiswa).

Kudzivirira trichinellosis

Matanho ekudzivirira trichinosis:

• Nyama (kunyanya nyama yenguruve) inofanira kubikwa pahupamhi hwepamusoro - inenge 74 ° C mukati mechidimbu chenyama kwemasekonzi gumi nemashanu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, Trichinella manyoka achafa zvechokwadi kana asati afukidzwa nekapuleti yakaverengerwa. Kana zvisina kudaro, mhute haizotamburi kunyange nekupisa kwakadaro. Mhuka dzine nguva yekuvharwa ne capsule munguva yakareba yechirwere mumhuka - mutakuri weTrichinella.

• Nzira inoshanda yekuuraya Trichinella ichando kwemazuva makumi maviri pa -20°C, kana kubata kwemazuva matatu pa -15°C.

• Pakupfuya nguruve, hadzifanirwe kubvumidzwa kufura zvakasununguka kudzivirira mhuka kuti dzisadya zvakaora zvine utachiona. Zvakakosha kugara uchiparadza makonzo munzvimbo yekugara kwemhuka uye muchivanze chepurazi.

• Kunyanya kutyisa kudyiwa kwenyama yemhuka dzesango dzine chirwere chetrichinosis. Mhando dzenematodes dzinoita parasitize mumhasuru dzemapere, mabheji uye zvisimbiso zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kuTrichinella nguruve. Havafi kunyange nechando kwenguva refu. Kureba kwenguva refu yekupisa kurapwa kwenyama yakadaro kunodiwa. Nyama yeshiri dzemusango inogonawo kuva nengozi panyaya iyi.

Misa matanho ekudzivirira kubuda kwe trichinosis

Rospotrebnadzor inoitisa kurongeka kwekutarisa mamiriro ekuchengeta mhuka dzakagadzirirwa kuberekesa nyama. Kutengeswa kwenyama hakuitike pasina kuongororwa trichinosis. Kudzora kwakadaro kunoitwa mumusika uye muzvitoro zvine hunyanzvi. Kuchengeteka kwenyama inotengeswa munzvimbo dzekutengeserana kwega hakuna vimbiso.

Nzira yekuedza sei nyama ye trichinosis?

Trichinella larvae inowanikwa mumhando dzakawanda dzemhuka. Nyama inoshandiswa kudyiwa nevanhu inofanirwa kudzora denda. Mhando dzine ngozi dzenyama inguruve, nyama yebheya, nyama yenguruve.

Chitarisiko chenyama ine utachiona hachina kusiyana nenyama yechitunha chine utano. Kuwanda kweTrichinella munyama yakakanganiswa inosvika zvidimbu mazana maviri pa 200 gramu. Kuongororwa kwenyama kunoitwa murabhoritari uchishandisa maikorosikopu. Mushure mekuongorora, chitambi chakakosha chinoiswa pachitunha.

Ndekupi kwandinogona kuongorora trichinosis?

Munzvimbo yehutsanana uye epidemiological station kana murabhoritari yezvipfuyo yemusika wekudya, samples dzinotorwa kubva pachitunha chemhuka. Samples isingasviki 5 g inotorwa kubva munzvimbo dzekuwedzera kweropa: masticatory tsandanyama, rurimi, intercostal tsandanyama, diaphragm.

Iko hakuna kutonga kweveterinary laboratory mumisika inongoerekana yaitika, panguva yekuurayiwa kwezvipfuyo, kana uchidya mikombe yekuvhima. Nehurombo, trichinella inogona kuwanikwa mu30% yenyama inonzi yakakodzera chikafu. Kudzivirira utachiona - kunyatsobika nyama. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana uchidya mutambo munzvimbo dzinogara kune trichinosis.

Nzira yekubika sei nyama kuti usabata chirwere ne trichinosis?

Iyo gonye yeTrichinella mukukora kwemhasuru tishu inogona kuchengetedzwa zvakavimbika kubva mukukuvadzwa nekapisi. Izvi hazviiti kuti zvive zvishoma nengozi, zvinowedzerawo kudzivirira kweparasite kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya kwairi. Vavhimi vane mhuka, uye vagari vomumusha vanorima nekucheka nyama yenguruve muchivanze chavo, havagare vachiiedza kuti ione trichinosis. Kubika nyama kwakaringana kunogona kudzivirira chirwere.

Chinhu chikuru ndechokusvika kutonhora kwe80 ° C kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu mukati mehupamhi hwose hwechidimbu.

Nzira yakanakisisa yekubika nyama:

• Kubika kwemaawa 2,5 nyama, kucheka kuita zvidimbu zvisingasviki 8 cm gobvu;

• Frying uye steering nyama kwemaawa 1,5 (zvidimbu hazvifaniri kunge zvakakora kupfuura 2,5 cm);

• Salo inobvumirwa kushandiswa chete mufomu yakanyunguduka.

Zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvine ngozi:

• Soseji dzakagadzirwa kumba uye dzakasvibirira dzefodya;

• Nyama yakaomeswa nechando pa tembiricha isina kukwana;

• Minced nyama ndiro;

• mafuta emafuta nenyama;

• Beefsteaks neropa;

• Baked ham;

• Kusvuta uye nyama yakaomeswa.