Kuchekerera muapuro muchirimo

Nei uchifanira kuchekerera apuro muti muchirimo 

Chimbofungidzira: May, muapuro unotumbuka. Unogona kucheka here? Inogona. Asi zvinonzwisa tsitsi. Ipapo mavhavha anooneka, muzhizha anokura, maapuro anodururwa - zvakare itsitsi kutema, zvakanaka, sei kuzvinyima chikamu chezvirimwa?! Muchirimo, apo michero inokohwa, mashizha akawira, zvingaita sokuti iwe unogona kutanga, asi panguva ino inowanzonaya - yakasviba uye inotonhora, haudi kubuda kunze zvakare. Muchando, chando nechando. Nokudaro, kutanga kwechirimo kunoramba kuripo. 

Nguva yekuchekerera muapuro muchirimo 

Kurume ndiyo nguva yakakwana yekuchekerera miti yemaapuro! 

Zvisinei, iwe unogona kuita kuumbwa kwemiti munaFebruary, asi pamamiriro ezvinhu ekuti kutonhora kwemhepo kuri pamusoro -5 ° C. Kana kuchitonhora, zviri nani kuti usakanganise miti yemapuro, maronda mumamiriro okunze akadaro anokura zvakanyanya. 

Uye hapana mhosva iwe unofanirwa kutema miti yemapuro muna Kubvumbi, panguva yekuyerera kwemvura! Zvikasadaro, muti unogona kufa, nekuti maronda anoyerera haapore. 

Maitiro ekuchekerera apuro muti muchirimo 

Panguva ino, zviri nani kuita anti-aging pruning. Inouraya shiri nhatu nebwe rimwe: michero inova yakakura, chibereko chinowedzera ne20 - 60%, kupikisa kwechando kwemiti kunowedzera, uye kunze kwekuti, zviri nyore kugadzirisa kubva kune zvirwere uye zvipembenene. 

Matanho matatu ekushongedza: 

1. Kuti uwane migumisiro yakadaro, danho rokutanga nderokupfupisa trunk - kureba kwayo hakufaniri kudarika 2 m. Iyo yakatemwa inofanira kunge iri pamusoro pebazi guru (Fig. 1). Kana zvisina kudaro, chigutsa chakaoma chinoumbwa, uye ipapo gomba. 

2. Mushure mokunge muiti wepakati akapfupiswa, nhungirwa dzose dzinokura mukati mekorona (1) dzinofanira kubviswa - dzinoita mumvuri wemuti uye inzvimbo yakanaka yekuberekesa zvirwere uye zvipembenene. Pakupedzisira, muti wacho uchatora chimiro chembiya - matavi makuru anofanira "kutarisa" kunze (Fig. 2). 

3. Nhanho inotevera ndeyekucheka lateral skeletal mapazi. Kureba kwavo kunosvika 2,5 m. Izvo zvinodiwa kupfupisa nhungirwa dzekunze "dzinotarisa" kunze kubva korona (Fig. 3). 

Mushure mekuchekerera kwakadaro kwemuti muchirimo, nhungirwa diki, dzinonzi matop, dzichakura zvakanyanya pairi. Vazhinji vavo vachafanira kubviswa (1), uye kubva kune imwe yose zvichave zvakakodzera kuumba matavi emichero mune ramangwana. 

Mitemo yekutarisira muapuro mushure mekuchekerera 

Mushure mekuchekerera kwakakura kwakadaro, miti muchirimo inofanira kudyiswa zvakanaka. 

Chinhu chokutanga chaunoda initrogen fertilizer - inodiwa pakukura kwemashizha maduku. Semuenzaniso, mupfudze unogona kuwedzerwa muvhu rekuchera (4 - 6 kg pa 1 sq. M. yedenderedzwa rehuku) (2) kana mupfudze wehuku (1 - 2 kg inonatswa mubhaketi remvura uye miti inogadzirwa. inodiridza pachiyero chemarita imwe nehafu pa 1 sq. M. .). 

Mineral fertilizer inogonawo kushandiswa pachinzvimbo cheorganics. Ammophoska uye saltpeter zviri nyore zvakakwana kuparadzira pasi pemiti, asi zviri nani kusasa urea nevhu. Nenzira, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kushandisa nitrogen fertilizer kwete pakarepo, asi mumatanho maviri. Hafu yedosi - muna Kubvumbi, chikamu chechipiri - mukutanga kwaJune. 

Mukuwedzera kune nitrogen, miti yakatemwa inoda phosphorus - inowedzera maruva. Uye potassium, iyo inovandudza kunaka kwezvibereko uye inowedzera kuoma kwechando. Phosphate fertilizer inoshandiswa muchirimo, asi potashi fertilizer inoshandiswa chete mukuvhuvhuta. 

Uye usakanganwa chinhu chikuru: mushure mekuita manyowa, unoda kudiridza miti pachiyero che 2 - 3 mabhakiti pa 1 sq. Uye zuva rinotevera, ivhu riri mudenderedzwa re trunk rinofanira kusunungurwa zvakanaka. 

Chii chaunofanira kuita kana muti weapuro usingakure 

Chokutanga pane zvose, unofanira kunzwisisa kuti chii chikonzero. Uye panogona kunge paine akati wandei. 

1. Mvura yakakwirira yepasi. Nzvimbo yepasi yemuti weapuro haifaniri kunge yakakwirira: 3 m - pamidzi ine simba, 2,5 m - pakukura kwepakati uye 1,5 m - kune mafomu maduku. 

Asi vagari vazhinji vezhizha, vachidyara miti yemapuro panzvimbo ino, havangofungi nezvemvura yepasi. Uye zvinomera zviduku hazvipi chikonzero chekunetseka. Asi pavanenge vava nemakore 10-15 uye midzi yasvika pachikamu chine ngozi, zvinomera zvinomira kukura, mashizha anochinja ruvara kuva yeyero kana kuti shava, uye muti wacho unobatwa zvakanyanya nezvirwere zvefungal. Uye kana kupisa kwezhizha kunouya, mashizha anowira muhuwandu. 

Zvokuita. Zvakaoma kwazvo kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu pano - haugone kutamisa muti mukuru. Nokudaro, nzira chete yekubuda nayo ndeyokuita cardinal pruning yemuti weapuro uye kukura muchimiro chemuti wakagadzikana 2-2,5 m kureba - hazvizodi kuti midzi iende yakadzika zvikuru kuti uwane mvura uye zvokudya. 

2. Ivhu rakashata. Kana uine jecha kana sandy loam munharaunda yako, muti weapuro uchatambura - pane zvinenge zvisina zvokudya zvinovaka muviri muvhu rakadaro, hazvichengetedzi unyoro, uye muchando chechando chine chando chiduku, midzi yemiti yemapuro inotonhora. 

Zvokuita. Gore negore, unzai humus yakawanda kana manyowa pasi pemuti weapuro sezvinobvira - muchirimo uye mumatsutso. Uye wochera ivhu pamwe nehupamhi hwekorona pane iyo spade bayonet. Muzhizha, unogona kuisa uswa hwakachekwa pasi pemiti. Nokufamba kwenguva, ivhu richawedzera kuorera. 

Dyara peas mumatenderedzwa ari pedyo-stem - mabhakitiriya anokosha anogara pamidzi yawo, iyo inozadza ivhu ne nitrogen. Uye mushure mekunge mave kukohwa - chera ivhu pamwe chete nepamusoro - iyi ndeyekuwedzera organic matter. 

Kekutanga, kusvika kubereka kwevhu kwawedzera, dyisa muti weapuro nemamineral fertilizer: 

Pakupera kwaApril: Mwaya makapu matatu eurea zvakaenzana mudenderedzwa remuti riri pedyo. Kana huswa hukakura mudenderedzwa rehunde-pedyo kana lawn yakadyarwa, ingodiridza. Uye kana ivhu rakacherwa, saka fetiraiza inofanira kungoiswa muvhu neraki. 

Pakutanga kwemaruva. Panguva ino, miti inoda kuoma kwepamusoro kupfeka. Yakagadzirirwa sezvinotevera: 200 makapu e superphosphate, 5 makapu e potassium sulfate, 3 malita emullein infusion kana 20 malita emarara eshiri anodururwa mu 10-litre barrel (kana pasina organic matter, unogona kutora 3,5). makapu eurea panzvimbo). Mushure meizvi, chirongo chinozadzwa kusvika kumusoro nemvura, zvinhu zvose zvinonyanyiswa uye zvinobvumirwa kunwa kwevhiki. Chiyero chekushandisa: 4 - 5 mabhakiti pamuti mukuru (yevaduku - 1 bucket). 

Kana michero inotanga kuibva. Panguva ino, 200 magirazi e nitrophoska uye 5 g yakaoma sodium humate inotorwa 20 malita emvura. Zvose zvakanyatsosanganiswa. Chiyero chekushandisa - 3 mabhakiti pamuti. 

Pakarepo mushure mekukohwa: 1,5 makapu e superphosphate uye 1 kapu ye potassium sulfate inopararira pasi pemuti uye inodiridza. 

Kazhinji, kupfeka kwekupedzisira kunosarudzwa. Asi varimi vane ruzivo vanoziva kuti inobatsira zvakanyanya - shure kwayo, miti inoshivirira chando chechando zviri nani.

3. Mbeu yekumaodzanyemba. Kana iwe wakatenga mbeu yeapuro kubva mumaoko ako, pamusika, padivi pemugwagwa, zvinowanzoitika kuti yakaunzwa kubva kumaodzanyemba uye yakakura ipapo. Miti yakadaro inokura zvakashata munzvimbo yepakati, inogara ichitonhora munguva yechando uye iwe haugone kuwana goho kubva kwavari - kazhinji vanofa mushure memakore 4-5. 

Zvokuita. Usatambura, bvisa muti uyu (hongu, inyasha, asi iwe haugone kuzvibatsira) uye kudyara imwe yakasiyana-siyana. Tenga mbesa kubva kuminda inovimbika uye sarudza marudzi emuapuro (unogona kutarisa kuti ndeapi marudzi emuapuro akakodzera dunhu rako pawebhusaiti yeState Register of Breeding Achievements (3).

Mibvunzo nemhinduro dzakakurumbira

Takataura nezvekuchekerera miti yemaapuro nechirimo agronomist-breeder Svetlana Mikhailova - akapindura mibvunzo yakakurumbira yevarimi.

Zvitubu zve

1. Dubrova PF, Egorov VI, Kamshilov NA, Koroleva NI et al. Gardener's Handbook, ed. Chechipiri // Imba yekudhindisa yehurumende yezvinyorwa zvekurima, Moscow, 1955 - 606 p.
2. Khamurzaev SM, Borzaev RB, Khusainov Kh.A. Nzira ine musoro yekuisa fetereza mumagadheni akasimba // Fertility No. 1, 2017

   https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ratsionalnyy-sposob-ispolzovaniya-udobreniy-v-sadah-intensivnogo-tipa

3. State Register of Breeding Achievements

   https://reestr.gossortrf.ru/