Chero nhaurirano yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze inosungirwa kunongedzera kune chokwadi chekuti kushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa kunogona kudzivirira mhedzisiro yakaipisisa yekudziya kwepasi. Chikonzero ndechekuti simba rinowanikwazve sezuva nemhepo haribudise carbon dioxide nemamwe magasi egreenhouse anokonzera kudziya kwepasi.
Kwemakore 150 apfuura, vanhu vave vachivimba zvikuru nemarasha, oiri, uye mamwe mafuta ezvicherwa kuti vasimbise zvinhu zvose kubvira kumagirobhu emwenje kusvika kumotokari nemafekitari. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hwemagasi egreenhouse anoburitswa kana mafuta aya apiswa asvika pamwero wepamusoro.
Magasi egreenhouse anobata kupisa mumhepo iyo yaigona kuzopukunyuka muchadenga, uye avhareji tembiricha yepasi iri kukwira. Nokudaro, kudziya kwepasi kunoitika, kuchiteverwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinosanganisirawo mamiriro ekunze akanyanyisa, kutamiswa kwevanhu uye nzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzesango, kukwira kwegungwa uye zvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda.
Saka, kushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve kunogona kudzivirira shanduko dzinotyisa papasi redu. Nekudaro, kunyangwe ichokwadi chekuti magetsi anogona kudzokororwa anoita seanogara achiwanikwa uye asingapere zvachose, iwo haagare akasimba.
Mhando dzesimba renewable sources
1. Mvura. Kwemazana emakore, vanhu vakashandisa simba remafungu enzizi nekuvaka madhamu kuti vadzore kuyerera kwemvura. Nhasi, hydropower ndiyo ine simba guru pasi rose resimba rinowanikwazve pasi rose, neChina, Brazil, Canada, United States, neRussia vari ivo varidzi vepamusoro pakugadzira magetsi emvura. Asi kunyange zvazvo mvura zvichinzi itsime resimba rakachena rinozadzwa nemvura nechando, indasitiri ine zvimhingamupinyi zvayo.
Madhamu makuru anogona kukanganisa nharaunda dzenzizi, kukuvadza mhuka dzesango, uye kumanikidza kutamiswa kwevagari vepedyo. Zvakare, yakawanda silt inoungana munzvimbo dzinogadzirwa hydropower, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kubereka uye kukuvadza michina.
Indasitiri yemagetsi inogara iri pasi pekutyisidzira kwekusanaya kwemvura. Maererano neongororo ye2018, iyo kumadokero kweUS yakawana makore gumi nemashanu ekubudisa kabhoni dioxide kusvika ku15 megatons yakakwira kupfuura yakajairwa kwemakore 100 sezvishandiso zvakamanikidzwa kushandisa marasha uye gasi kutsiva hydropower yakarasika nekuda kwekusanaya kwemvura. Hydropower pachayo yakanangana nedambudziko rezvinokuvadza zvinobuda, sekuora organic zvinhu mumadhiza kunoburitsa methane.
Asi madhamu enzizi handiyo yega nzira yekushandisa mvura kugadzira simba: kutenderedza pasirese, mafungu uye mafungu emagetsi emagetsi anoshandisa rhythms yemugungwa kugadzira simba. Mapurojekiti emagetsi ekunze kwemahombekombe pari zvino anoburitsa magetsi angangoita 500 megawatts - isingasviki chikamu chimwe kubva muzana chezvese simba rinowanikwazve - asi kugona kwavo kwakakwira zvakanyanya.
2. Mhepo. Kushandiswa kwemhepo sechitubu chesimba kwakatanga makore anopfuura 7000 apfuura. Parizvino, maturbine emhepo anogadzira magetsi anowanikwa pasi rose. Kubva 2001 kusvika 2017, kuwanda kwekugadzirwa kwesimba remhepo pasi rose kwakawedzera nekanopfuura ka22.
Vamwe vanhu vanofinhikana neindasitiri yemagetsi emhepo nekuti maturbine emhepo akareba anoparadza nzvimbo uye anoita ruzha, asi hapana kuramba kuti simba remhepo chinhu chakakosha zvechokwadi. Kunyange simba remhepo rakawanda richibva kumaturbines epasi, mapurojekiti ekumahombekombe ari kubudawo, mazhinji acho ari kuUK neGermany.
Rimwe dambudziko rine maturbine emhepo nderekuti anotyisidzira shiri nezviremwaremwa, achiuraya mazana ezviuru zvemarudzi aya gore negore. Mainjiniya vari kushingairira kugadzira zvigadziriso zvitsva zveindasitiri yesimba remhepo kuita kuti maturbine emhepo achengetedzeke kune mhuka dzesango dzinobhururuka.
3. Zuva. Simba rezuva riri kushandura misika yemagetsi pasi rose. Kubva 2007 kusvika 2017, iyo yakazara yakaiswa simba munyika kubva kune solar panels yakawedzera ne4300%.
Kuwedzera kune solar panels, izvo zvinoshandura chiedza chezuva kuva magetsi, magetsi ezuva anoshandisa magirazi kuisa pfungwa pakupisa kwezuva, achibudisa simba rinopisa. China, Japan uye US vari kutungamirira nzira mukushandurwa kwezuva, asi indasitiri ichine nzira yakareba yekufamba sezvo ikozvino inotora zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvehuwandu hwemagetsi eUnited States muna 2017. Simba rezuva rinopisa rinoshandiswawo pasi rose nokuda kwemvura inopisa. , kudziyisa uye kutonhora.
4. Biomass. Simba rebiomass rinosanganisira biofuel dzakadai se ethanol uye biodiesel, matanda nehuni tsvina, gasi remarara, uye marara akasimba ekanzuru. Sesimba rezuva, biomass inzvimbo inochinjika yesimba, inokwanisa kugonesa mota, kudziyisa zvivakwa uye kugadzira magetsi.
Nekudaro, kushandiswa kwebiomass kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba. Semuenzaniso, vatsoropodzi vechibage-based ethanol vanopikisa kuti inokwikwidzana nemusika wechibage chekudya uye inotsigira maitiro ekurima asina kunaka. Panewo gakava pamusoro pekuti kuchenjera sei kutumira mapepa emapuranga kubva kuUS kuenda kuEurope kuti apiswe kugadzira magetsi.
Zvichakadaro, masayendisiti nemakambani ari kugadzira nzira dziri nani dzekushandura zviyo, tsvina yesuweji uye mamwe masosi ebiomass kuita simba, vachitsvaga kutora kukosha kubva kune izvo zvingangoparara.
5. geothermal simba. Simba reGeothermal, rinoshandiswa kwezviuru zvemakore pakubika nekudziya, rinogadzirwa kubva mukupisa kwemukati mePasi. Pamwero mukuru, matsime ari kuiswa pasi pevhu remvura inopisa nemvura inopisa, iyo kudzika kwayo kunogona kusvika kupfuura 1,5 km. Pamwero diki, zvimwe zvivakwa zvinoshandisa pasi sosi yekupisa pombi dzinoshandisa tembiricha mutsauko wemamita akati wandei pazasi penzvimbo yekudziya nekutonhodza.
Kusiyana nesimba rezuva nemhepo, geothermal simba rinogara riripo, asi rine mhedzisiro yaro. Semuenzaniso, kusunungurwa kwehydrogen sulfide muzvitubu kunogona kuperekedzwa nekunhuhwirira kwakasimba kwemazai akaora.
Kuwedzera Kushandiswa Kwesimba Renewable Sources
Maguta nenyika dzepasirese dziri kutevera mitemo yekuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba rinowanikwazve. 29 nyika dzeUS dzakaisa zviyero zvekushandiswa kwesimba rinodzokororwa, iyo inofanirwa kunge iri imwe muzana yesimba rose rinoshandiswa. Parizvino, maguta anopfuura zana pasi rose asvika 100% renewable energy kushandiswa, uye mamwe ari kuedza kusvika zana.
Nyika dzese dzichakwanisa kuchinjira kusimba rinogonekazve? Masayendisiti anodavira kuti kufambira mberi kwakadaro kunobvira.
Nyika inofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Kunyangwe kunze kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, mafuta efossil chitubu chine magumo, uye kana tichida kuramba tichirarama papasi redu, simba redu rinofanira kuitwazve.