Kufungisisa maguta ehupenyu hune hutano
Chivabvu 9, 2008 - Kusarudza kwaunogara hakusi kudiki. Sarudzo iyi ine mhedzisiro pahutano hwedu, sekureva kwenyanzvi dzakakurukura nezve ecohealth pamusangano uchangoburwa weAssociation francophone pour le savoir (ACFAS), wakaitirwa muQuebec City kubva 5 kusvika 9 Chivabvu 2008.
Ecohealth ipfungwa nyowani inobatanidza mapango maviri: ecology uye hutano. Kune nyanzvi dzakati wandei, kugadzira guta nesabhabhu zvinoenderana nehutano hwevagari varo uye hwezvakatipoteredza. Ivo zvakare vakatarisa pazvinhu zviviri zvine hukama zvakanyanya zveecohealth: nzira dzekutakura uye nzvimbo inogara munhu.
"Kufamba kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura huwandu hwevanhu," anosimbisa Louis Drouin, chiremba nyanzvi yehutano hweveruzhinji uye anotarisira nharaunda yemaguta uye hutano chikamu paAgence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal. "Pave paine dzimwe mota dze40 pagore munharaunda yemetropolitan mumakore mashanu apfuura," anowedzera, achirangarira mumhepo imwechete iyo kushandiswa kwezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji kwakadzikira ne000% kubva 7 kusvika 1987.
Migumisiro yakananga pahutano
Ecohealth Iyi pfungwa itsva inofunga nezvekudyidzana pakati pezvipenyu uye nharaunda yebiophysical kune rumwe rutivi, uye magariro evanhu akarongwa maererano nekutenda, nzira dzekusimudzira hupfumi uye sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika kune imwe, anotsanangura Marie Pierre Chevier, anthropologist. paYunivhesiti yeMontreal. Kungofanana nenharaunda ine ruva kana mhuka, vanhu vanodyidzana nemhoteredzo yavo. Muchiitiko chake, guta, "yakavakwa" ecosystem, inotsiva zvisikwa zvakasikwa. |
“Kuwedzera kwekufamba mumigwagwa kunowedzera tsaona dzemumigwagwa uye zvirwere zvemwoyo nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo. Kutakura mota kunodzikisira kufamba, nemhedzisiro pakufutisa. Vanowedzera magasi egreenhouse uye ruzha, ”anodaro Louis Drouin. Pamusoro pezvo, chiitiko chezvitsuwa zvekupisa - nzvimbo dzemumadhorobha uko tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura kumwe kunhu munguva yezhizha - inowedzerwa nepo nzvimbo yemasango yakadzikira ne18%, kubva 1998 kusvika 2005, mudunhu reMontreal. Uye nzvimbo dzine miti dziri kuva nzvimbo dzokupaka motokari, migwagwa nenzvimbo dzokutenga, anochema kudaro.
Achishora chiyero chisingawanzobvunzurudzwa chekuvandudzwa kwemotokari-yepakati pemadhorobha kwemakore makumi mashanu apfuura, Louis Drouin ari kudaidzira kumisa mutemo weLand Use Planning and Development Act. Kuti dzideredze huwandu hwemotokari mumugwagwa, inoda kuti pave nezvifambiso zvevoruzhinji “zvinosvika nenguva, zvakachengeteka, zvinosvikika, zvinomhanya, zvine nzira dzakachengeterwa semuParis neStrasbourg. “
“Inguva yokunatsiridza nharaunda kuti vawane nzvimbo dzine mukurumbira mukati medaro rokufamba,” anodaro Louis Drouin. Anokurudzira kutora mukana wekuti zvivakwa zvekuchembera zvichafanirwa kuvandudzwa, kufunga zvakare nezveguta nemasabhubhu.
Dunhu reBois-Francs: zvinoodza moyo mhedzisiro
Kubudirira kwenharaunda ine gobvu inosimudzira kufamba (kuchovha bhasikoro nekufamba) uye zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji hazvisi nyore, anoshuma kudaro mugadziri wezvivakwa Carole Després, purofesa paLaval University uye muvambi weInterdisciplinary Research Group kumasabhabhu. Dunhu reBois-Francs, mudunhu reMontreal reSaint-Laurent, rakagadzirwa maererano nemitemo mitsva yekuronga kwemaguta, mufananidzo wakanaka weizvi. Vagari vayo vatanhatu vanonakidzwa nekuwana nyore nzira yebhasikoro, metro, chitima chevafambi uye mabhazi. Paki hombe inogara 6% yenzvimbo yedunhu, iyo density iyo inogara makumi maviri pahekita.
Kunyangwe kana dunhu iri richizivikanwa nesangano reAmerican Congress yeNew Urbanism, mhedzisiro yeongororo yazvino1 yakagadzirwa nemuongorori kubva kuNational Institute for Scientific Research (INRS) haina kunaka, anobvuma Carole Després. “Tanga tichida kutaura kuti vagari vemudunhu reBois-Francs vanofamba zvakanyanya uye kuti vanotora mota shoma pane yevamwe vese vemudunhu, asi zvakapesana. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, vanorova avhareji yekushandiswa kwemotokari yevagari venzvimbo yemetro pakufamba kwekutandara uye dzidzo.
Nzira yekutsanangura sei mhinduro idzi? Nguva yekutonga, anotora njodzi. “Zvichida tine mwana akanyoreswa muchirongwa chezvidzidzo zvemitambo pamahombekombe uye ane mubereki ari kurwara wokuchengeta, kana kuti takangochinja mabasa asisiri kure… Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei vanhu havagare padanho revavakidzani, asi pachiyero chemetropolitan. "Pfungwa dzekuronga dhorobha nyowani, sekureva kwake," zvichibva parudzi rwechishuwo chevavakidzani vekare kwawaifamba kuenda kuchikoro. Maitiro evanhu nhasi akaoma kunzwisisa. “
Hazvisi nani mumasabhubhu
Shanduko yemasabhubhu inofanirwa kune hutano huri nani, sekureva kwemurongi wemaguta Gérard Beaudet, director weUrbanism Institute yeYunivhesiti yeMontreal. “Inopfuura hafu yavaAmerica nhasi vanogara mumasabhabhu,” anoshuma kudaro. Nekudaro, ndeimwe yenharaunda pakati penyika dzakabudirira iyo inopa akanyanya kukosha matambudziko ehutano. Saka, isu tinogona kuona kuti masabhavhu akange asiri iwo mhinduro yechishamiso umo munhu wese akatenda kwenguva refu ”. Isu tiri kutsvaga mhinduro kwete chete yemhando yehupenyu uye matambudziko ekufamba kwevanhu, asiwo nezvehutano, anoenderera mberi Gérard Beaudet. “Zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kuti, nepo kugara munharaunda ine urombo hakuna zvakunobatsira, kugara munharaunda dzakapfuma handiko hako kuri mhinduro yekupedzisira,” anodaro.
Mélanie Robitaille – PasseportSanté.net
1. Barbonne Rémy, New urbanism, gentrification uye kufamba kwezuva nezuva: zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva kuBois-Francs district uye Plateau Mont-Royal, mu Metropolization inoonekwa kubva mukati, rakapepetwa neSenecal G. & Behrer L. Publication kuti itsikiswe ne Presses de l'Université du Québec.