Ingi mavara, mifananidzo, seti dzemavara… Zvinoburitswa nemiedzo iyi uye kuti inodyidzana sei neasingazivi, anotsanangura kudaro chiremba wepfungwa Elena Sokolova.
Hapana kana munhu asati ambonzwa nezve Rorschach bvunzo. Kunyanya mushure mekunge chimiro chezita rimwe chete raishandiswa mumakomiki akakurumbira, uye ipapo firimu uye mutambo wekombiyuta.
"Rorschach" igamba mune mask, iyo inoshanduka mavara madema uye machena anogara achifamba. Anodaidza mask iyi "chiso chechokwadi". Saka pfungwa inopinda muhuzhinji hutsika kuti shure kwechitarisiko (maitiro, chimiro) chatinopa kunzanga, chimwe chinhu, chiri pedyo zvikuru nechinhu chedu, chinogona kuvanzwa. Iyi pfungwa yakanangana nekuita psychoanalytic uye nedzidziso yekusaziva.
Chiremba wepfungwa wekuSwitzerland uye chiremba wepfungwa Hermann Rorschach akagadzira yake "inkblot nzira" pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX kuti aone kana paine hukama pakati pehunyanzvi uye rudzi rwehunhu. Asi munguva pfupi bvunzo yakatanga kushandiswa zvakadzama, kusanganisira zvidzidzo zvekiriniki. Yakagadzirwa uye yakawedzerwa nedzimwe nyanzvi dzepfungwa.
Muedzo weRorschach mutsara wemavara gumi akaenzana. Pakati pavo pane ruvara uye dema-uye-chena, «mukadzi» uye «murume» (maererano nemhando yemufananidzo, uye kwete maererano nezvavanoitirwa). Chimiro chavo chinozivikanwa kusanzwisisika. Iko hakuna "yekutanga" zvemukati zvakanyudzwa mazviri, saka vanobvumira munhu wese kuona chimwe chinhu chake.
Kusava nechokwadi musimboti
Mamiriro ese ekuedzwa anovakwa nenzira yekupa muyedzo rusununguko rwakawanda sezvinobvira. Mubvunzo unoiswa pamberi pake hauna kujeka: “Chingava chii? Chakaita sei?
Uyu ndiwo musimboti mumwechete unoshandiswa mune classical psychoanalysis. Musiki wayo, Sigmund Freud, akaisa murwere pamubhedha, uye iye pachake akanga asiri kuonekwa. Murwere akarara nemanhede: ichi chimiro chekusadzivirirwa chakakonzera kudzoreredza kwake, kudzokera kukutanga, kunzwa kwemwana.
Muongorori asingaoneki akave "ndima yekufungidzira", murwere akatungamira maitiro ake epfungwa kwaari - semuenzaniso, kuvhiringidzika, kutya, kutsvaga kudzivirira. Uye sezvo pakanga pasina hukama hwepakutanga pakati pemuongorori nemurwere, zvakava pachena kuti izvi zviito zvaive muhunhu hwemurwere pachawo: muongorori akabatsira murwere kuzviona uye kuzviziva.
Nenzira imwecheteyo, kusingagumi kwemavara kunotibvumira kuona mavari iyo mifananidzo yakange yatovapo munzvimbo yedu yepfungwa kare: iyi ndiyo nzira iyo nzira yekufungidzira kwepfungwa inoshanda.
Projection musimboti
Projection yakatanga kutsanangurwa naSigmund Freud. Iyi nzira yepfungwa inoita kuti tione munyika yekunze izvo zvinonyatsobva kupfungwa dzedu, asi hazvienderane nemafungiro edu. Naizvozvo, isu tinoti isu pachedu mazano, vavariro, mafungiro kune vamwe ... Asi kana tikakwanisa kuona mhedzisiro yekufungidzira, tinogona "kuidzosera kwatiri", tichikodzera manzwiro edu uye pfungwa kwatiri isu tatova padanho rekuziva.
Pavel ane makore 27 anoti, “Ndaiva nechokwadi chokuti vasikana vose vakanga vakanditarira vachindichiva, kutozosvikira shamwari yangu yandiseka. Ipapo ndakaona kuti chokwadi ndinovada, asi ndinonyara kubvuma kwandiri ichi chishuwo chine hutsinye uye chinosanganisira zvese.
Maererano nenheyo yekufungidzira, inkblots "inoshanda" nenzira yekuti munhu, achivatarisa, anoronga zviri mukati mekusaziva kwake pavari. Zvinoratidzika kwaari kuti anoona kuora mwoyo, bulges, chiaroscuro, zvinyorwa, mafomu (mhuka, vanhu, zvinhu, zvikamu zvemuviri), izvo zvaanotsanangura. Kubva pane tsananguro idzi, nyanzvi yebvunzo inoita fungidziro pamusoro pezviitiko zvemutauri, maitiro, uye dziviriro yepfungwa.
Nheyo Yekududzira
Hermann Rorschach ainyanya kufarira kubatanidzwa kwemaonero neunhu hwemunhu uye zviitiko zvinorwadza zvinogoneka. Aitenda kuti nzvimbo dzisingaperi dzakagadzirwa naye dzinokonzeresa "ekphoria" - ndiko kuti, vanotora mifananidzo kubva mukusaziva iyo inogona kushandiswa kunzwisisa kana munhu aine hunyanzvi hwekusika uye kuti maitiro epasirese uye maitiro ake ega anopindirana mune yake. hunhu.
Semuenzaniso, vamwe vakatsanangura static spots maererano nekufamba («vasikana vanoita mubhedha»). Rorschach akafunga ichi chiratidzo chekufungidzira kwakajeka, kungwara kwepamusoro, kunzwira tsitsi. Iko kusimbiswa kwemavara emavara echifananidzo kunoratidza manzwiro mumaonero enyika uye muhukama. Asi bvunzo yeRorschach inongova chikamu chekuongororwa, icho pachacho chinosanganisirwa mune yakanyanya kuoma yekurapa kana yekuraira maitiro.
“Ndaivenga kunaya kwemvura, kwakachinja kuva chitambudzo nokuda kwangu, ndaitya kutsika padziva,” anoyeuka kudaro Inna ane makore 32 okukura, uyo akatendeukira kunyanzvi yendangariro nechinetso ichi. - Panguva yekuedzwa, zvakazoitika kuti ndakabatanidza mvura nenheyo yaamai, uye kutya kwangu kwaiva kutya kubatwa, kudzokera kuhurumende kusati kwaberekwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, ndakatanga kunzwa ndakura, uye kutya kwakapera.”
Nekubatsirwa kwekuedzwa, unogona kuona maitiro emagariro evanhu uye maitiro ehukama: chii chinonzi murwere mukukurukurirana nevamwe vanhu, ruvengo kana kufarira, kana akagadzirirwa kushandira pamwe kana kukwikwidzana. Asi hapana dudziro imwe chete ichave isina kujeka, ese anotariswa mune rimwe basa.
Nyanzvi chete ndiyo inofanirwa kududzira mhedzisiro yebvunzo, sezvo kududzira nekuchimbidza kana kusarongeka kunogona kukanganisa. Nyanzvi inodzidziswa kwenguva refu ye psychoanalytic kuti idzidze kuziva zvimiro uye zviratidzo zvevasingazivi uye kubatanidza mhinduro dzakagamuchirwa panguva yekuedzwa navo.