Yakakura superorder yehove dzecartilaginous. Kuonekwa kwemhuka idzi kunonyanya kuzivikanwa uye kunozivikanwa kuvanhu vazhinji kubva paudiki. Iyo shark, mukunzwisisa kwevazhinji, ine muviri wakareba wakaita se torpedo, nhamba huru yemazino akapinza, curved dorsal fin, zvichingodaro. Muchokwadi, hove zhinji dzisingazivikanwe dzerudzi urwu dzine mafomu ekunze uye hadzikodzere tsananguro iyi. Anopfuura mazana mana nemakumi mashanu emarudzi e shark parizvino anozivikanwa. Kubva pakuona kwebiology, zvakakosha kuziva kuti shark dzakanyatsoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu. Mararamiro avo uye kugona kuchinjika zvakabvumira kuti mhuka idzi dzishanduke kweanenge mamiriyoni 450 emakore. Chimiro chechimiro ndechekuvapo kwecartilaginous, pane skeleton yemapfupa. MuchiRussia, izwi rokuti "shark" rinobva kune Old Norse "hákall". Zvinoenderana nemararamiro uye ecology, shark haigone kubatanidzwa muboka rimwe. Vakachinjira kunenge chero mhoteredzo. Kune zviitiko zvekuona shark pakadzika kweanopfuura 450 m. Uye panguva imwecheteyo, chikamu chakakosha chezvipenyu zvinotungamira mararamiro epelargic mumvura iri pedyo-pamusoro pemvura. Zvisikwa zvakawanda zvakajairana nehupenyu munzvimbo yegungwa isina kudzika yemvura uye zvichingodaro. Shark anogara munenge mumakungwa ese ane hukama nemakungwa. Saizi ye shark inosiyana zvakanyanya, kubva pa3700 cm kusvika 17 m. Mararamiro anogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekutenderera kwehupenyu uye mararamiro. Kunyange vanozivikanwa vakasurukirwa nguva nenguva vanoumba mapoka, uye vanotungamirira boka rinoshingaira rehupenyu. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mamwe marudzi e shark akashandura kuhupenyu kwete chete mumvura ine munyu kana brackish yenzizi estuaries, asi inogonawo kuvapo zvakakwana mumvura yakachena yenzizi huru.
Nzira dzokubata hove
Nezvekubata hove, vabati vehove vanonyanya kufarira shark - zvikara zvinogara munzvimbo dzakavhurika kana mumahombekombe egungwa anopisa. Kune vagari vazhinji vekuchamhembe kweEurasia, kubata hove kwakadaro hakuna kujairika. Idzo dzinonakidza nzendo dzekuredza shark dzakarongwa nemasangano evashanyi munzvimbo dzinopisa dzemakungwa. Inogona kunge iri kuredza kubva kumayacht uye mabhoti uchishandisa giya rekutsika kana yegungwa-yekirasi kutenderera tsvimbo. Pakubata hove, zvese zvekugadzira uye zvechisikigo zviredzo zvinoshandiswa, hove dzinowanzo kukwezverwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka. Nzvimbo inonyatsozivikanwa yekubata shark kubva kumahombekombe imahombekombe eNamibia, Skeleton Coast. MuRussia Far East, mashaki makuru - zvikara - vanosurukirwa havawanzo kuwanikwa, uye hazvina kukodzera kubatanidza rwendo ikoko nemienzaniso yakadaro. Idzi nyika dzatove dzakanyanya kushamisa kune vagari vechikamu cheEurope. Zvakangodaro, marudzi akati wandei emashaki anopinda mumvura yekuchamhembe yemahombekombe eRussia. Kusanganisira, herring shoals inoteverwa neinonzi. "herring sharks". Uye zvakadaro, mugari weEuropean Russia, ane chido chikuru chekubata shark, haafaniri kuenda kune dzimwe nyika dzinopisa. Kutorwa kwemhando iyi kunowanikwa zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso, muBlack Sea. Imwe shark duku inogara ipapo - katran, iyo inowanzova kubata kwevabati vehove.
Shark trolling
Sharki, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvikara zvikuru zvemugungwa, zvinoonekwa sevadzivisi vakakodzera kwazvo nekuda kwehukuru hwavo uye hunhu. Kuti uvabate, iwe unozoda yakakomba kubata hove. Nekutsvaga kwekushanda kwehove, nzira yakanyatsokodzera ndeyekutsika-tsika. Sea trolling inzira yekubata hove nerubatsiro rwemotokari inofamba, yakaita sechikepe kana chikepe. Kuredza mugungwa nemugungwa nzvimbo dzakavhurika, ngarava dzakashongedzwa dzakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yakawanda dzinoshandiswa. Iwo makuru ndeanobata tsvimbo, mukuwedzera, zvikepe zvine zvigaro zvekutamba hove, tafura yekugadzira zviredzo, manzwi ane simba echo uye nezvimwe. Tsvimbo dzinoshandiswawo dzakashongedzwa, dzakagadzirwa nefiberglass uye mamwe mapolymer ane yakakosha fittings. Coils anoshandiswa multiplier, maximum capacity. Chishandiso chekutsika-tsika chinoiswa pasi pepfungwa huru yegiya rakadaro - simba. Mono-line, inosvika 4 mm gobvu kana kupfuura, inoyerwa, nekubata hove kwakadaro, mumakiromita. Kune akawanda akawanda ekubatsira maturusi anoshandiswa zvichienderana nemamiriro ekubata hove: yekudzika midziyo, yekuisa mabheti munzvimbo yekuredza, yekubatanidza chirauro, zvichingodaro, zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvemidziyo. Trolling, kunyanya kana uchivhima hofori dzemugungwa, iboka remhando yekuredza. Sezvo mutemo, tsvimbo dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa. Muchiitiko chekurumwa, nokuda kwekubata kunobudirira, kuwirirana kweboka kunokosha. Pamberi perwendo, zvinokurudzirwa kutsvaga mitemo yekubata hove munharaunda. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kubata hove kunoitwa nevatungamiriri vehunyanzvi vane mutoro wakazara wechiitiko. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kutsvaga mukombe mugungwa kana mugungwa kunogona kusanganiswa nemaawa akawanda ekumirira kuruma, dzimwe nguva kusabudirira.
Kubata shark nekukukurwa
Kuredza shark nekukukurwa kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwezvikepe zvakashongedzerwa kana zvikepe zvine zvibatiso. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti ukuru hwemikombe inogona kuve yakakosha, iyo inoda kudzidziswa kwakakosha kubva kune vanoronga hove. Kubata hove kunoitwa nekubatsirwa nematanda emugungwa ane snaps kune mabheti echisikigo. Iyo "kudonha" pachayo inoitwa nekuda kwemhepo yegungwa kana mhepo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kubata hove kunoitwa nekukwezvwa kwezvikara neredzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemhando yemhuka. Parigi, vamwe vanoredza vanoshandisa maaramu makuru ekuruma. Kufamba kunononoka kwechikepe kunowedzera nzvimbo yekubata hove uye kunogadzira kutevedzera kwekufamba kwebhati.
Zviredzo
Zvichienderana nenzira yekubata hove, mabheti akasiyana anoshandiswa. Icho chinhu chinonyatso zivikanwa kuti shark ihove dzine hurongwa hwakakwana hwekuona chikafu chinokonzeresa, kusanganisira vanoongorora zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwemakemikari ezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, vabati vehove vanowanzo shandisa zviredzo zvinoburitsa kunhuhwirira kwenyama yemhuka. Pakubata hove ye-trolling, sehwaro hwechirauro, kutevedzera kwehupenyu hwemugungwa kunoshandiswa: hove, mollusks, zvichingodaro. Panyaya yekubata hove ne classic spinning tackle, aya mahombe volumetric nozzles - ese marudzi ekugadziridzwa kwewobblers nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana. Nzvimbo dzekuredza uye dzekugara Sezvatotaurwa, shark dzakapararira muWorld Ocean nemakungwa ayo. Zvichienderana nemarudzi, nzvimbo dzekugovera dzehove idzi dzinovhara nzvimbo dzose uye nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze. Mhuka zhinji dzinogara munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzemvura ine munyu yemakungwa, asi dzimwe dzichishingairira kuvhima munzizi huru, dzichikwira kurwizi kwemakumi emakiromita.
Kubereka
Chinhu chakakosha chemhando yemhando ndeyekusangana kwemukati. Kusiyana nehove dzakawanda dzebony, kushanduka kwenguva refu kwe shark uye hurongwa hwavo hwekubereka hwakaenda, maererano nevana, mukutungamira kwekukura kwehuwandu hwevanhu vashoma. Kusiyana neyakajairwa kune mamwe marudzi, nekusangana kwekunze, kubereka kwemamiriyoni kana zviuru zvemazai uye kuderera kwekupona, shark dzemazuva ano dzine nhengo yechinyakare yekubereka, yakafanana neiyo mammalian placenta. Asi pano zvakakodzera kugadzirisa kuti shark, maererano nemusimboti wekukura kwe fetus, yakakamurwa kuva oviparous, ovoviviparous uye viviparous. Iyo diki saizi yemwana muviviparous. Shark, umo fetus kukura kutenderera kune extrauterine, inoisa kusvika mazai zana, ayo ane chinangwa chekuwedzera hupenyu hwevana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ezvakatipoteredza. Mhuka dzakawanda dzine dziviriro yakadzikama yevana. Haasi marudzi ese eshaki anogona kunzi ari kubudirira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa kwete chete nemhuka yemhuka, asiwo nekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu.