Kwemakore 15-20 apfuura, soya beans uye zvigadzirwa zvakatora chaizvo pamusika, uye nazvo matumbu edu. Vegetarians vanonyanya kufarira soy. Asi zvakanaka here? Magazini ine chiremera yeAmerica “Ecologist” (The Ecologist) munguva pfupi yapfuura yakaisa chinyorwa chinotsoropodza zvikuru pamusoro pesoya.
“Kunonzwika senhema munyika yedu yakazara nesoya,” inonyora kudaro The Ecologist, “asi tichiri kukakavara kuti unogona kuva nezvokudya zvine utano pasina soya ipi neipi. Nekudaro, nekupihwa mwero wekuti soya yave chikamu chekudya kwedu, zvinotora Herculean kuedza kuibvisa kubva mairi. "
Kune rumwe rutivi, Asian portal Asia One, mukusarudza pasi pezita rinovimbisa "Idya Zvakanaka, Urarame Zvakanaka", kuburikidza nemuromo we "mukuru wezvokudya zvinovaka muviri" Sherlyn Quek (Sherlyn Quek), anorumbidza soy se "chiedza chekudya"; maererano naMadame Kiek, soya haigone kupa chikafu chinonaka uye chine hutano chete, asiwo "kudzivirira kenza yemazamu", kunyange paine caveat: kana yakabatanidzwa mukudya kubva paudiki.
Chinyorwa chedu chinotaura nezve soy uye chinomutsa mibvunzo miviri kumuverengi kamwechete: inobatsira (kana inokuvadza) soy uye kuti inobatsira (kana inokuvadza) iko kuchinjika kwayo.?
Izwi rekuti "soy" nhasi rinoita serinonzwika nemumwe muvatatu. Uye soya inowanzoonekwa pamberi pemumiriri mune mwenje wakasiyana kwazvo - kubva kune yakanakisa puroteni inotsiva mu "nyama" semi-yakapera zvigadzirwa uye nzira yekuchengetedza runako rwechikadzi uye hutano kune yakavanzika genetically modified chigadzirwa chinokuvadza kumunhu wese, kunyanya kune murume chikamu chepasi, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva zvechikadzi.
Ndechipi chikonzero chekupararira kwakadaro muhunhu hwezvivakwa zveiyo kure kubva kune yakanyanya exotic chirimwa? Ngatiedzei kuzviona.
Kutanga, mazwi mashoma anofanira kutaurwa nezve izvo soy iri muchimiro chayo chepakutanga. Chokutanga pane zvose, soya haisi chigadzirwa chekuderedza uremu, dumplings yakachipa kana chinotsiva mukaka, asi bhinzi yakajairika, iyo nyika yekumusha kwavo iri East Asia. Vakarimwa pano kwezviuru zvemakore, asi bhinzi "dzakasvika" muEurope chete mukupera kwechiXNUMX - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Nekunonoka kudiki, zvichitevera Europe, soya beans yakadyarwa muAmerica neRussia. Hazvina kutora nguva kuti soya bhinzi dzive nyore kuunzwa mukugadzirwa kwakawanda.
Uye izvi hazvishamisi: soya beans chikafu chezvirimwa chine mapuroteni akawanda. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvekudya zvinogadzirwa kubva ku soy, zvinonyanya kushandiswa kupfumisa mapuroteni emidziyo yakasiyana-siyana. Chigadzirwa chakakurumbira muJapan chinonzi "tofu" hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwebhinzi, iyo inogadzirwa kubva mumukaka wesoya. Tofu yakaratidzwa kuva nehuwandu hwehutano hunobatsira, kusanganisira kuderedza ropa recholesterol uye kudzivirira osteoporosis. Tofu inodzivirirawo muviri kubva ku dioxin uye nokudaro inoderedza njodzi yegomarara. Uye uyu ungori mumwe muenzaniso wezvivakwa zvechigadzirwa chesoya.
Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti soy, iyo tofu inogadzirwa, inewo ese ari pamusoro apa hunhu. Zvechokwadi, maererano nemaonero azvino, soya ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobatsira pahutano hwevanhu: isoflavones, genistin, phytic acids, soy lecithin. Isoflavones inogona kurondedzerwa seyakasikwa antioxidant, iyo, maererano navanachiremba, inowedzera simba remapfupa, ine simba rakanaka pahutano hwevakadzi. Isoflavones inoita semaestrogen echisikigo uye inobvisa kusagadzikana panguva yekuenda kumwedzi.
Genistin chinhu chinogona kumisa kukura kwekenza mumatanho ekutanga, uye phytic acids, zvakare, inodzivisa kukura kwekenza yekenza.
Soy lecithin ine zvakanyanya kubatsira muviri wese. Nharo dzinotsigira soy dzinotsigirwa nekukakavadzana kwakasimba: kwemakore mazhinji soya yave iri chikamu chakakosha chekudya kwevana nevakuru vehuwandu hweNyika yeZuva Rinobuda, uye zvichiita kunge pasina mhedzisiro inokuvadza. Mukupesana, maJapan anoratidzika kuva anoratidzira zviratidzo zvoutano hwakanaka. Asi kwete muJapan chete inogara ichidya soya, zvakare iChina neKorea. Munyika dzose idzi, soya ine nhoroondo yemakore ane chiuru.
Nekudaro, zvisingaite, pane maonero akasiyana zvachose maererano nesoya, zvakare inotsigirwa netsvagiridzo. Zvinoenderana nemaonero aya, huwandu hwezvinhu mu soy, kusanganisira iri pamusoro isoflavonoids, pamwe ne phytic acids uye soy lecithin, zvinokonzeresa kukuvadza kuhutano hwevanhu. Kuti unzwisise nyaya iyi, unofanirwa kutarisa nharo dzevanopikisa soy.
Zvinoenderana neiyo contra camp, isoflavones ine mhedzisiro yakaipa pabasa rekubereka kwevanhu. Zvakajairika - kudyisa vacheche pachinzvimbo chekudya kwevana nguva dzose neanalogue yesoya (nekuda kwekusawirirana) - zvinotungamira pakuti isoflavonoids yakaenzana nemapiritsi mashanu ekudzivirira inopinda mumuviri wemwana zuva nezuva. Kana iri phytic acids, zvinhu zvakadaro zvinowanikwa munenge marudzi ose emakumbo. Mune soya, chiyero chechinhu ichi chakati chiwedzere kuenzaniswa nezvimwe zvirimwa zvemhuri.
Phytic acids, pamwe nenhamba yezvimwe zvinhu musoya (soy lecithin, genistin), inovhara nzira yekupinda mumuviri wezvinhu zvinobatsira, kunyanya magnesia, calcium, iron uye zinc.izvo zvinogona kupedzisira zvakonzera osteoporosis. MuAsia, nzvimbo yekuberekwa ye soya, osteoporosis inodziviswa nekudya, pamwe chete nebhinzi dzisina kunaka, yakawanda yezvokudya zvegungwa uye broths. Asi zvakanyanya, "soy toxins" inogona kukanganisa zvakananga nhengo dzemukati uye masero emuviri wemunhu, kuparadza uye kuchinja.
Zvisinei, zvimwe zvinhu zvinonyatsonzwisisika uye zvinonakidza. MuAsia, soya haidyiwe zvakanyanya sezvazvingaite. Maererano nezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, soya bhinzi dzaishandiswa zvakanyanya sechikafu munyika dzeAsia, kunyanya nevarombo. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira yekugadzira soya bhinzi yakanga yakaoma uye yaisanganisira kuvirisa kwakareba uye kunotevera kubika kwenguva refu. Kubika uku kuburikidza ne "kuvirisa kwechinyakare" kwakaita kuti zvibvire kudzikamisa muchetura wataurwa pamusoro apa.
Vegetarians muUS neEurope, vasingafungi nezvemhedzisiro, vanodya anenge 200 magiramu e tofu uye akati wandei magirazi emukaka soya 2-3 kanomwe pasvondo., iyo inopfuura kudarika kushandiswa kwesoya munyika dzeAsia, uko inopedzwa zvishoma uye kwete sechikafu chekudya, asi sechikafu chekudya kana kuti condiment.
Kunyange kana tikarasa zvinhu zvose izvi uye tichifungidzira kuti soya haina kukuvadza muviri, pane chimwe chinhu chakaoma zvikuru kuramba: zvinenge zvese zvigadzirwa zvesoya nhasi zvinogadzirwa kubva kune genetically modified soya. Kana nhasi munhu wese wechitatu akanzwa nezvesoya beans, saka pamwe munhu wechipiri wega akanzwa nezve genetically modified foods uye zvipenyu.
Kazhinji, transgenic kana genetically modified (GM) chikafu chikafu chinotorwa zvakanyanya kubva muzvirimwa zvakaunzwa muDNA yerimwe gene risina kupihwa kuchirimwa ichocho. Izvi zvinoitwa, semuenzaniso, kuitira kuti mhou dzipe mukaka wakakora, uye zvinomera zviite kurwisa mishonga yesora nezvipembenene. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika ne soy. Muna 1995, kambani yeUnited States yeMonsanto yakatanga GM soybean yakanga isingagadziriswi nemishonga yeglyphosate, iyo inoshandiswa kurwisa sora. Iyo soya bhinzi nyowani yaive yekuravira: nhasi zvinopfuura 90% yezvirimwa zvave transgenic.
MuRussia, semunyika dzakawanda, kudyara kweGM soya kunorambidzwa, zvisinei, se, zvakare, munyika dzakawanda dzepasi, inogona kutengeswa zvakasununguka. Zvikafu zvakawanda zvisingadhuri zviri nyore muzvitoro zvikuru, kubva kumabhegi anotarisa-kudiridza-pakarepo kusvika kune dzimwe nguva chikafu chevana, ane GM soy. Zvinoenderana nemirairo, zvinosungirwa kuratidza pane yekurongedza kana chigadzirwa chine transgenes kana kwete. Iye zvino yava kunyanya fashoni pakati pevagadziri: zvigadzirwa zvakazara nezvinyorwa "Hazvina GMOs" (genetically modified items).
Ehe, nyama yesoya imwe chete yakachipa kupfuura yainofanana nayo, uye kune anoshingaira miriwo kazhinji chipo, asi kuvapo kweGMOs muzvigadzirwa hakugamuchirwi zvachose - hazvisi pasina kuramba kana kunyarara pamusoro pekuvapo kwe transgenes. mune chimwe chigadzirwa chinorangwa nemutemo. Kana iri soya, Russian National Association for Genetic Safety yakaita zvidzidzo, zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuwirirana kwakajeka pakati pekutora GM soy nehupenyu uye hutano hwevana vavo. Vana vemakonzo vaidyiswa ne transgenic soy vaiva nehuwandu hwekufa, pamwe nekuve nekushomeka uye kupera simba. Mushoko rimwe chete, tarisiro yacho haina kunyatsojeka.
Kutaura nezvezvinhu zvinobatsira, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti vazhinji vanogadzira soya bean, uye kunyanya vanogadzira soya bean GM, vanoiisa sechigadzirwa chine hutano hwakanyanya, mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya - kwete zvachose inokuvadza. Zviri pachena kuti, kunyangwe zvingave zvakadaro, kugadzirwa kwakakura kwakadaro kunounza mari yakanaka.
Kudya kana kusadya soy - munhu wese anozvisarudzira. Soy, pasina mubvunzo, ine huwandu hwezvinhu zvakanaka, asi izvo zvisina kunaka, zvinosuruvarisa, zvinopindirana hunhu uhwu. Zvinoita sekuti mapato ari kurwisana anogona kutaura marudzi ese ezvakanakira nezvaakaipira, asi munhu anofanira kuvimba nechokwadi.
Soya bhinzi muchimiro chadzo chepakutanga hadzina kukodzera kudyiwa nevanhu. Izvi zvinotibvumira kutora mhedziso (zvichida yakashinga) yekuti chirimwa ichi hachina kunambwa nemasikirwo kuti chidyiwe nevanhu. Soya bhinzi dzinoda kugadziriswa chaiko, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvadzishandura kuita chikafu.
Chimwe chokwadi: soya beans dzine huwandu hwehupfu. Kugadzirwa kwesoya bean kwaimbova kwakasiyana chaizvo nezviri kushandiswa mazuva ano. Iyo yainzi yechinyakare sourdough yakanga isiri iyo yakanyanya kuomarara maitiro, asi zvakare yakaderedza chepfu iri musoya. Pakupedzisira, chokwadi chekupedzisira, chisingagoni kurambwa: inopfuura 90% yezvigadzirwa zvesoya nhasi zvinogadzirwa kubva kune genetically modified soya. Izvi hazvifanirwe kukanganwika kana uchishandisa soya zvigadzirwa mukudya kana kusarudza muchitoro chinotevera pakati pechigadzirwa chechisikigo uye chinowanzo kuchipa soya mumwe wake. Mushure mezvose, mutemo wegoridhe wakajeka wekudya kune utano ndewekudya zvakawanda zvechisikigo, chikafu chisina kugadziriswa sezvinobvira.
Zvinyorwa: SoyOnline GM Soy Debate