Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvekuruma kwekwekwe muvanhu, chii chekuita?

Miti inosveta ropa - vanogona kutakura utachiona hwezvimwe zvirwere zvine njodzi kuvanhu. Chirwere chinonyanya kuzivikanwa cheboka iri muRussia ikiti-borne encephalitis. Zvakare zvine njodzi iborreliosis (chirwere cheLyme), ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis uye huwandu hwezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa nezvikwekwe.

! Gore roga roga, vanhu vokuRussia vanosvika zviuru mazana mana vanoenda kuzvipatara kuti varumwe nezvikwekwe, chikamu chimwe muzvina chevanotambudzwa vana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemana. Hazvizivikanwe kuti vangani vanoruma zvikwekwe vagari venyika yedu vanogashira panguva dzenzendo dzekunze.

Huwandu hwehuwandu hwekuyamwa hwakanyoreswa muSiberian, Volga uye Ural federal districts, shoma - muSouth neNorth Caucasus.

Kurwiswa kwezvikwekwe kunoratidzwa nemwaka. Mamiriro ekutanga ekurumwa - kutanga kwechirimo neavhareji yezuva nezuva tembiricha inopfuura 0,3⁰C, yekupedzisira - yakadzika matsutso. Nhamba yakawanda yekurumwa kwechikwekwe inowira panguva kubva pakati pechirimo kusvika kuhafu yekutanga yezhizha.

Zvikwekwe zvinogona kutakura imwe, uye dzimwe nguva akati wandei marudzi ehutachiona nemavhairasi kamwechete. Saizvozvo, kutakura kweimwe pathogen ndeye-mono-carrier, uye maviri kana anopfuura utachiona mutakuri wakasanganiswa. Munzvimbo dzine huwandu hwevanhu vakawanda, zvikwekwe zvinotakura:

• mono-infections - mu10-20% yematambudziko;

• zvirwere zvakasanganiswa - mu7-15% yezviitiko.

Chikwekwe chinotaridzika sei?

Chikwekwe chakasungirirwa kumuviri wemunhu nerubatsiro rwe hypostome. Ichi chisina kubatanidzwa chinobuda chinoita mabasa enhengo yekunzwa, kusungirirwa uye kusveta ropa. Nzvimbo inonyanyogoneka yekuti chikwekwe chinamire kumunhu kubva pasi zvichikwira:

• groin area;

• dumbu uye pasi musana;

• chipfuva, muhapwa, mutsipa;

• nzvimbo ye nzeve.

Panguva yekurumwa, pasi pekuita kwechikwekwe mate uye microtrauma, kuzvimba uye kusawirirana kwenzvimbo kunokura paganda. Nzvimbo yekusveta hairwadzi, inoratidzwa nekutsvuka kwechimiro chakatenderedzwa.

Nzvimbo yekurumwa kwechikwekwe muchirwere cheLyme (borreliosis) inotaridzika - muchimiro cheiyo patchy erythema, iyo inowedzera kusvika 10-20 cm muhupamhi (dzimwe nguva kusvika 60 cm). Chimiro chechivara chakatenderedza, oval, dzimwe nguva chisina kujairika. Mushure menguva yakati, muganho wekunze wakasimudzwa wemavara matsvuku akanyanya anoumba padivi pe contour. Pakati pe erythema inova cyanotic kana chena. Zuva rinotevera, nzvimbo yacho inoita senge donut, crust uye vanga zvinoumbwa. Mushure memavhiki maviri, vanga racho rinopera pasina kurongeka.

Vhidhiyo: kurumwa nechikwekwe, chii chaunofanira kuita? Urgent care:

Rubatsiro rwekutanga pakurumwa nechikwekwe

Munhu anenge abatwa chikwekwe anofanira kubatsirwa kubvisa chikwekwe, ochiisa mumudziyo wakavharwa uye kusaina chinyorwa chinoperekedza sampuro yebiomaterial.

Kusvetwa kwechikwekwe kunokonzera kusawirirana kwemuviri, dzimwe nguva muchimiro cheQuincke's edema.

Zviratidzo zveQuincke's edema zvinokura mukati memaminitsi mashoma kana maawa nenzira ye:

• kuzvimba kwemaziso, miromo uye zvimwe zvikamu zvechiso;

• kurwadziwa kwemhasuru;

• kufema kwakaoma.

Uku kuratidzwa kunotyisa kweallergic reaction, iwe unofanirwa kukurumidza kufonera ambulensi uye edza kubatsira munhu akabatwa vasati vasvika vanachiremba.

Pamba, unogona kuita zvinotevera:

• kupa imwe ye antihistamines;

• kupa mukana kune mhepo yakachena;

Kuongororwa uye nzira dzekurapa dzezvinogona hutachiona hunoitwa mumasangano ekurapa.

Ndekupi kwekuenda kunorumwa nechikwekwe?

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuita inotevera algorithm yezviito:

1. bvisa chikwekwe chakanamira;

2. kuendesa kurabhoritari yakatenderwa kuti ionekwe kweanotapukira nePCR (ona pazasi pekero);

3. ipa ropa (kana zvichidikanwa) kuona masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kuELISA muserum yemunhu (details pazasi).

4. pinda nzira yekurapa zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuongororwa murabhoritari uye zviratidzo zvekiriniki.

1. Bvisa chikwekwe chakanamira

Kusveta kwechikwekwe kunoitika mushure mekugadzirisa pamuviri wemunhu. Iyi nzira inotora kubva pamaminitsi akawanda kusvika maawa akawanda. Kutora ropa kunotora kubva pamaawa maviri kusvika kumazuva akawanda. Kusveta hakuoneki kuvanhu, uye chikwekwe chakatodhakwa neropa chakaurungana uye chipfumbu muruvara.

Chikwekwe chakayamwa chinofanira kubviswa nekuchimbidza, asi nekuchenjera! Izvo zvinodiwa kuchengetedza dumbu rake kubva mukukuvadzwa uye kubuda kwehemolymph neropa revanhu. Maoko uye ronda panzvimbo yekurumwa zvinofanira kurapwa nedoro-ine mhinduro (vodka, doro solution yeiodine kana brilliant green).

Kubvisa chikwekwe nenzira dzakavandudzwa:

1. Kanda shinda muchimiro chechiuno chakakomberedza proboscis (pedyo neganda), simbisa uye zvishoma nezvishoma uibudise kunze nekufamba-famba. Panzvimbo yeshinda, unogona kushandisa zvipikiri, machisi maviri uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzera.

2. Isa chikiti mukati mehomwe yepurasitiki, sunga mutsipa.

3. Saina label yepasuru (ratidza zuva, nguva, nzvimbo yekuona, zita rizere remunhu akabvisirwa chikwekwe, mazita ekuti awane ruzivo nezve chikwekwe).

Kubvisa chikwekwe nechinhu chakakosha:

1. Shandisa zvekurapa (manicure) tweezers kana midziyo (Tick Twister, Tick Nipper, Pro tick remedy, Trix, Tricked off, vamwe);

2. Isa chikiti mumudziyo usina mhepo (bhodhoro remishonga, somuenzaniso);

3. Saina chinyorwa pamudziyo (ona pamusoro).

2. Enda nechikiti kurabhoritari inotenderwa

Kuongorora kunoitwa pasina muripo, asi zvakakosha kujekesa ruzivo urwu. PCR kudzidza kwakavakirwa yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa diagnostic kits AmpliSens TBEV (encephalitis, borreliosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis), muparadzi InterLabService LLC. Tinofanira kuziva kuti mhedzisiro yacho ichagadzirwa riini. Kazhinji zuva rimwe chetero kana kuti mangwanani anotevera.

3. Ipa ropa kuti rione masoja ekudzivirira chirwere

Mukati memazuva gumi mushure mekurumwa kwechikwekwe, maererano nekurudziro yachiremba, pane dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kupa ropa kuti rione masoja ekudzivirira chirwere muvanhu kuzvirwere zvinotapuriranwa nezvikwekwe. Nekuongororwa, chirongwa chekuedza "VektoVKE -IgG-strip" JSC "Vector-Best" inoshandiswa. Analysis nguva: 10 maawa 2 maminitsi.

4. Kuita immunotherapy sezvinokurudzirwa nachiremba

Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekutsvagisa pane chikwekwe nePCR uye / kana seramu yeropa yeELISA, zvichibva pane zvinokurudzirwa nachiremba, chaiyo immunotherapy inoitwa.

• Iko kuiswa kwevanhu immunoglobulin kurwisa tick-borne encephalitis inobhadharwa!

• Gamma globulin inopihwa mahara kune mamwe mapoka evagari uye pahwaro hwegwaro reVHI pasi pechirongwa chekurapa encephalitis chinotakura zvikwekwe (iva nechokwadi chekubata chipatara chakataurwa muchibvumirano mukati memazuva mana mushure mekurumwa).

Nguva iyo kurapwa kwakananga kunogoneka, nguva, kuwanda kwekutonga kweglobulin kunofanira kuwanikwa kubva kune chiremba anoenda. Kero yenzvimbo yekurapa encephalitis inoratidzwa:

• mumitemo yeDMS;

• pachigadziko murabhoritari.

Kudzivirira kuruma uye mamwe mazano

Mikana yekurwisa kwechikwekwe pamunhu zvinoenderana ne:

• epidemiological kugara zvakanaka kwenharaunda yekugara;

• basa rakabatana nekugara kazhinji musango, munda;

• mukana wekushanyira nzvimbo dzisina kunaka maererano nezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvikwekwe.

Kudzivirirwa kwemhedzisiro ine chekuita nekurumwa nekwekwe kunobva pane:

• jekiseni, asi ichi chiyero chekudzivirira; kana munhu ane utachiona, haigoni kushandiswa;

• chaiyo immunotherapy inzira yekurapa (kutonga kwe immunoglobulin chete kana paine hutachiona kana hutachiona hunofungidzirwa mushure mekurumwa);

• inishuwarenzi yehutano kubhadhara kurapwa kunobvira;

• kushandiswa kwezvipfeko zvakakosha nemidziyo kudzivirira zvikwekwe kubva pamuviri;

• kushandiswa kwemishonga, kuparadzwa kwezvikwekwe;

• kudzikisira kuwanda kwezvikwekwe mubiotopes, nzvimbo dzinogona kunge dziri vanhu.

Zvinokurudzirwa pakusarudza jekiseni

Vaccination inoderedza zvakanyanya njodzi yechirwere, inoratidzwa kune vanhu vese vanogara munzvimbo dzakasiiwa, uye kune vanhu vane hunyanzvi vanobatana nesango (vadhiri, geologists, vaongorori, masango). Kana zvichidikanwa, jekiseni inogona kupiwa kune chero munhu anofarira mazviri, pasina contraindications.

Primary vaccination inogoneka kubva mugore rekutanga rehupenyu hwemwana, uyezve pazera ripi zvaro. Vanhu vakuru vanokwanisa kubaiwa mishonga yemumba kana yekunze, vana vari nani neinounzwa kunze kwenyika. MuRussia, misiyano mitanhatu yejekiseni inowanikwa kubva kune vana vanogadzira kubva kuRussia, Germany neSwitzerland.

Mishonga inotakura encephalitis inogadzirwa muRussia:

• The concentrated inactivated vaccine inoratidzwa kuti ishandiswe kubva pamakore matatu zvichikwira;

• Encevir (EnceVir), Russia, inoratidzwa kubva pazera regumi nemasere zvichikwira.

Mishonga yekurwisa chikwekwe encephalitis inogadzirwa muSwitzerland:

• FSME-Immun Junior (FSME-Immun Junior), inoratidzwa kubva kune rimwe gore kusvika kumakore gumi nematanhatu;

• FSM-Immun Inject (FSME-Immun Inject), zviratidzo zvakafanana.

Mishonga yekurwisa chikwekwe encephalitis inogadzirwa muGermany:

• Encepur Vana, vanoratidzwa kubva pamwedzi gumi nemaviri kusvika kumakore gumi nerimwe;

• Encepur mukuru (Encepur mukuru), anoratidzwa kubva pamakore gumi nemaviri uye kupfuura.

Zvirongwa zviviri zvekudzivirira: prophylactic uye emergency:

• Kudzivirira kwekudzivirira kunopa dziviriro kubva kune zvikwekwe mugore rekutanga, uye mushure mekudzokorora - mukati memakore matatu. Re-vaccinations inoitwa makore matatu oga oga.

• Emergency vaccination inopa pfupi yekudzivirira maitiro. Chiratidzo - nzendo dzekukurumidzira kumatunhu asina kunaka kune encephalitis.

Vaccination inoitwa mushure mekutanga kuongororwa kwemurwere kune allergic reactions, kuongororwa kwekiriniki, thermometry. Vanhu vane matambudziko ehutano havabvumidzwe kubaiwa. Pane contraindications uye zvinorambidzwa.

MuRussia, "Human Immunoglobulin Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis", inogadzirwa neFSUE NPO "Microgen", inogadzirwa. Mushonga wacho une masoja akagadzirira-akagadzirwa kune viral encephalitis. Inoshandiswa intramuscularly nechinangwa chekurapa, kazhinji mushure mehutachiona kana pangozi yehutachiona. Doses uye kuwanda kwekutonga kunogona kuwanikwa kubva kuna chiremba wako.

Zvinokurudzira zveinishuwarenzi yemitengo yakabatana nekurapa kwekikwe-borne encephalitis

Zvinokurudzirwa kurumbidza inishuwarenzi sekuwedzera kune vaccination kana seye chete chiyero kana kusakwanisika kwekudzivirira. Inishuwarenzi inopesana nekikwe-inotakura encephalitis inoitwa sechikamu cheVHI - yekuzvidira inishuwarenzi yekurapa. Mari yacho inoitirwa kutsiva kurapwa kunodhura kwechikwekwe encephalitis nezvimwe zvirwere zvakafanana. Paunosarudza chirongwa cheinishuwarenzi uye kambani yeinishuwarenzi, unofanirwa kuterera kune:

• kuvapo kwemvumo yekuitwa kweVHI nevanopihwa inishuwarenzi;

• mutengo weVHI masevhisi uye mukurumbira weiyo inshuwarisi;

• kuwanikwa kwemagwaro ekodzero yekupa rubatsiro rwekurapa nekudzivirira kana chibvumirano nemunhu ane mvumo yekupa rubatsiro rwakadaro pachinzvimbo cheanochengeterwa inishuwarenzi;

• Kuwanikwa kweawa XNUMX-yemahara tambo yerunhare kune emergency emergency.

Mazano ekudzivirira kurwiswa kwezvikwekwe

Kuenda kusango kana kunze kweguta, sarudza mbatya dzakakodzera mumavara akareruka:

• anti-encephalitis sutu;

• bhachi (shati) ine maoko marefu uye cuffs uye tirauzi rakaiswa mumasokisi;

• hood inonyatsoenderana nemusoro uye inodzivirira mutsipa.

Awa yega yega unofanirwa kuongorora zvipfeko kubva pasi zvichikwira kune zvikwekwe. Zvinokurudzirwa kuongorora muviri kwemaawa maviri ega ega, kunyanya muhapwa, mutsipa, zvidya, chipfuva uye musoro. Zvakakosha kudzivisa kana kuderedza kuva muuswa hurefu pamucheto wesango, munzira.

Midziyo yakasiyana-siyana inowanikwa mune zvekutengesa kudzivirira zvikwekwe kuti zvisapinde pamuviri nenzira yezvipembenene zvakaiswa mosquito nets, shangu dzakakosha, zvipfeko, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Acaricides (kuparadza zvikwekwe) - inongova nekubata maitiro. Iwo anofanirwa kushandiswa chete kugadzirisa machira ekunze uye anti-mite kurapwa kwenzvimbo nenzvimbo!

Pakutengesa unogona kuwana acaricides inokurudzirwa kushandiswa kune ganda. Asi dzinofanira kushandiswa nokungwarira - allergies, chepfu zvinogoneka.

Kurudziro yekuparadzwa kwezvikwekwe mubiotopes uye nzvimbo uko vanhu vangangove vari

Kuti udzivise kupararira kwezvikwekwe, unofanirwa kugara uchi:

• cheka uswa panzvimbo (zvikwekwe zvinorinda munhu akabatwa muuswa, kazhinji pahurefu hwe 0,6 m, kureba kwakareba 1,5 metres; mune nzara, zvikwekwe zvinogara kubva pamakore maviri kusvika mana, sekureva kwevamwe. masosi anosvika makore manomwe; kukura kubva pazai kusvika kune vanhu vakuru - imago inotora makore maviri kusvika matatu kana kupfuura);

• tsvina yakachena, bvisa mashizha akadonha (mite inorasikirwa nekunyorova kwayo muzuva, uye kudzorera kuenzana munzvimbo dzakanyorova);

• kuparadza makonzo maduku - tick hosts (kutenderera kwepathogen mumhuka dzomusango - kutarisa kwechisikigo kwehutachiona);

• kurapa nzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa kuti zvikwekwe (zvikwekwe zvepakati penzvimbo inofamba mukati me5-10 metres, yekumaodzanyemba - kusvika ku100 metres, vachizvitungamira nerubatsiro rwezvinogamuchirwa, kutarisisa munzira, kumucheto kwesango - munzvimbo dzaungangosangana nadzo. munhu akabatwa).

Mishonga yeAnti-mite yakavakirwa paruzivo rwemite biology inoshanda kana ichiitwa gore negore. Mumatunhu mazhinji mune masangano anoita desacarization, deratization, kudzora tupukanana, kushandisa midziyo yekuchekeresa uswa, makemikari ekurwisa-chikwekwe kurapwa.