Tinogona kugovana kenza yeganda muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru: non-melanomas uye melanomas.

Non-melanomas: carcinomas

Izwi rekuti "carcinoma" rinoreva mapundu akashata epithelial mavambo (epithelium ndiyo inoumba histological chimiro cheganda uye mamwe mucous membranes).

Carcinoma ndiyo mhando ye gomarara rinowanzo zivikanwa muCaucasians. Iri kutaurwa zvishoma nezvayo nokuti haiwanzoguma nokufa. Mukuwedzera, zvakaoma kuziva nyaya.

Le basal sero carcinoma uye squamous cell carcinoma kana epidermoid ndidzo 2 dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzisiri melanoma. Zvinowanzoitika kune vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu.

Carcinoma basal cell chete inoumba anenge 90% yegomarara reganda. Inoumba muchikamu chakadzika che epidermis.

MuCaucasus, basal cell carcinoma haisi iyo chete inowanzozivikanwa nekenza yeganda, asi ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yekenza yose, inomiririra 15 kusvika 20% yekenza dzose muFrance. Iyo yakaipa yebasal cell carcinoma ndeyemunharaunda (haimbofa yakatungamira kune metastases, echipiri mapundu anoumba kure nebundu rekutanga, mushure mekunge masero egomarara aparadzana naro), izvo zvinoita kuti risanyanya kuita kuti riuraye, asi kuongororwa kwaro kwanonoka. , kunyanya munzvimbo dzeperioriform (maziso, mhino, muromo, nezvimwewo) zvinogona kutema, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwezvinhu zveganda.

Carcinoma spinocelllulaire ou epidermoid is carcinoma yakagadzirwa nemutengo we epidermis, inobereka kutaridzika kwemasero ekeratinized. MuFrance, epidermoid carcinomas inouya yechipiri pakati pegomarara reganda uye inomiririra 20% yecarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas inogona kuita metastasize asi izvi hazvishamisi uye chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana chevarwere vane squamous cell carcinoma vanofa negomarara ravo.

Kune mamwe marudzi ecarcinoma (adnexal, metatypical ...) asi akasiyana zvakanyanya

Melanoma

Isu tinopa zita remelanoma kune tumamota twakaipa iyo inoumba mu melanocytes, masero anogadzira melanin (pigment) inowanikwa kunyanya muganda nemaziso. Vanowanzo ratidza se a blackish stain.

Nemakesi mashanu matsva anofungidzirwa muCanada mumazana matatu, melanoma inomiririra 7^e kenza anonyanya kurwara munyika¹¹.

The melanoma zvinogona kuitika chero pazera. Iwo ari pakati pemakenza anogona kufambira mberi nekukurumidza uye kugadzira metastases. Ivo vane mhosva ye75% ye rufu zvinokonzerwa negomarara reganda. Sezvineiwo, kana vakakurumidza kuwanikwa, vanogona kurapwa zvinobudirira.

Notes. Kare, zvaidavirwa kuti paigona kuva ne<em>benign melanomas (mamota akanyatsotsanangurwa asingazopindi mumuviri) uye maranomas akaipa. Isu tava kuziva kuti melanomas yese yakaipa.

Zvinokonzera

Kusadzivirirwa ku ultraviolet mwaranzi du zuva ndicho chikonzero chikuru che kenza yeganda.

Zvekugadzirwa zvitubu zve ultraviolet mwaranzi (solar mwenje mukati kusona salons) vanobatanidzwawo. Nhengo dzemuviri dzinowanzosangana nezuva ndidzo dziri panjodzi huru (chiso, mutsipa, maoko, maoko). Zvisinei, kenza yeganda inogona kuitika chero kupi zvako.

Kusvika zvishoma, kubata kwenguva refu kweganda ne zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, kunyanya kubasa, zvinogona kuwedzera njodzi yako yekubatwa negomarara reganda.

Numeri:

- Munyika dzine ruzhinji rwevanhu Ganda jena, kenza dzeganda dziri panjodzi ye kaviri pakati pegore ra2000 nera2015, maererano nomushumo weUnited Nations (UN).¹.

- MuCanada, ndiyo inokurumidza kukura mhando yegomarara, ichiwedzera ne1,6% gore rega rega.

- Zvinofungidzirwa kuti 50% yevanhu kubva pamusoro pe65 vachava negomarara rimwe chete reganda vasati vapedza upenyu hwavo.

– Gomarara reganda ndiyo yakajairika kenza yechipiri : neizvi tinoreva kuti munhu ane gomarara kana kuti akambova negomarara ane mikana yakawanda yekuva nerimwe, kazhinji gomarara reganda.

chirwere

Chokutanga pane zvose a kuongorora mumuviri izvo zvinobvumira chiremba kuziva kana maronda anogona kana kusave nekenza.

Dermoscopie : uku ndiko kuongorora nemhando yegirazi yekukudza inonzi dermoscope, iyo inokubvumira kuona maitiro ezvironda zveganda uye kugadzirisa kuongororwa kwavo.

biopsy. Kana chiremba achifungidzira gomarara, anotora sampuli yeganda kubva panzvimbo yekuratidzira kunofungidzirwa nechinangwa chekuiendesa kunoongororwa murabhoritari. Izvi zvinomutendera kuti azive kana nyama yacho iine gomarara uye zvinomupa pfungwa yemamiriro ekufambira mberi kwechirwere.

Mimwe bvunzo. Kana biopsy ikaratidza kuti munhu ane gomarara, chiremba anorayira kumwe kuongororwa kuti awedzere kuongorora danho rekufambira mberi kwechirwere. Ongororo dzinogona kuona kana gomarara richiri munzvimbo kana kuti ratanga kupararira kunze kweganda.