Kusashivirira, kubata, chizvarwa chemazaya echando chaizotanga kuunza matambudziko ekutarisira kune vakuru vayo, vane makodhi akasiyana. Vanozvarwa nehunyanzvi, hwakarurama hwezvematongerwo enyika, kwete hwekuchinja zvakanyanya, vechidiki vechidiki havachaite kunge vane tarisiro dzakafanana, kure naMay 68 nematombo emabwe. Pasina kudzoka kune rwiyo rwemauto rwemashure-makumi matanhatu neshanu dzidzo, yavo shanduko yaizoitwa nekuona dijitari ine kubiridzira kana majitirasi edhijitari.

Chizvarwa chemazaya echando

Mumwe anogona kufunga kuti chirevo ichi chinoshandiswa kuenzanisa vanhu kune vamwe vanhu vakasarudzika semazaya echando, anotaridzika zvakafanana, asi avo muzvivakwa zvavo vakasiyana.

Hazvina kudaro. Kune shamwari dzedu mhiri kweAtlantic uye kuyambuka Chiteshi, chando chechando ndicho chese chinosemesa. Uku kutaura kunoshandiswa kuratidzira chizvarwa chakanamatira pakati pekuyaruka nekukura, avo vanonzi vanogadzikana kupfuura avo vakavatangira.

Nyaya yechizvarwa ichi

Akazvarwa mukutanga kwema 90s, chizvarwa ichi chakazosvika kuva munhu mukuru muma 2010s. Sekureva kwevezvemagariro, chizvarwa ichi chinozivikanwa nerutivi rwayo "rwunoshanduka-shanduka", kusagadzikana kwemanzwiro uye kushomeka kwayo kwakaderera nekuda kwehukadzi hwakanyanya.

Chinodaidzwawo kuti chizvarwa che "mireniyumu", chinonzi chizvarwa chemazaya echando zvichitaurwa nezvenyaya yenhaurwa yekurwira Kirabhu, yakanyorwa naChuck Palahniuk. Yakagadziridzwa iyo bhaisikopo naDavid Fincher muna 1999, naBrad Pitt Edward Norton, firimu iri rinotaura nyaya yevarume vechidiki vanotsvaga, vachitsvaga kuzivikanwa vanopinda mukirabhu yekurwira kuti vadzorere simba ravo, hupenyu hwavo mumaoko, nekuda kwehondo mweya.

Kupesana nepfungwa yemuimbi ane mukurumbira Pharell Williams uyo anotsigira chimiro chakasarudzika: "Hakuna munhu akafanana; isu takaita semazaya echando, hapana mumwe wedu akafanana asi tese tinotonhorera, ”munyori Chuck Palahniuk anoshandisa fananidzo iyi kupokana nenzira iyi yekufunga, achishoropodza pachena kushaya hunhu kwaaizoita.

Muchiitiko ichi chengano apo asingabvumirane Tyler Durden achikurudzira varume vake kurwisa kuzviisa kwavo kuruzhinji rwevatengi nezvibhakera nekutanga kubva pakufungidzira kuti hapana akakosha: zvakagadzirwa nechero chinhu chakaora chinotenderera sezvinhu zvese, isu tiri shit yenyika ino yakagadzirira chero chinhu, isu tese tiri murimwechete murwi unoora wehumus. "

Ndiani akasika kutaura? Semazuva ese, zvinyorwa zvinoverengeka zvinoti zvakanyorwa. Zvakadaro, inofadza uye inoyerera yakawanda inki.

MuUnited States, izwi iri rakapinda muCollins English Dictionary, iyo inorondedzera chizvarwa chemazaya echando se "vechidiki vechidiki vema2010, vanoonekwa sevasina kusimba uye vanotapurika kupfuura zvizvarwa zvakapfuura." Yakavewo kutaura kunoshandiswa mune zvematongerwo enyika kuseka pro-veEuropean uye vanopokana naTrump.

Vanozvarwa pakati pemakumi masere nemakumi mapfumbamwe, vechidiki vechidiki vakakura vakafanana pamwe nekukurumidza kukurumidza kwehunyanzvi hutsva. Naizvozvo inyanzvi dzedhijitari, dzinoshandisa chishandiso muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva, uye havana kuziva hupenyu vasina chikumbiro. Mubhuku rake, Tamar Almog anotsanangura kuti chizvarwa chevechidiki ichi chakaumbwa neanowedzera kuzvitsoropodza uye kutsoropodza, kupokana, nzanga yemabhizimusi; mutengi uye midhiya yakanangana, yakasarudzika uye yepasi rose. Kumunyori, ivo vana vanozvimirira vezera redhijitari, vakarerwa semachinda nemambokadzi, vanochengetedzwa nemashoko ekurumbidza nekusimbisa kwevadzidzisi vavo nevabereki.

Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinonetseka nezve mhedzisiro yedzidzo iyo, kuitira kusimudzira "kuzviremekedza", yakavharira kugona kuzvibvunza. Claire Fox, anotsanangura kuti: “Aya madzimambo madiki ane ganda risinganyanyisi haana mhosva. Isu ndisu takavasika ”. Zvinodaidza mubvunzo shanduko munzira dzekudzidzisa. Vabereki vanodzivirira zvakanyanya uye vadzidzisi vakachengetedza chizvarwa ichi zviitiko zvinobvumidza mukana wevakuru kukura mupfungwa. Nhengo dzayo saka dzaizoramba dzakadzivirirwa padanho rekusimudzira psychic.

Pfungwa pane Chizvarwa Y

Chizvarwa ichi chinogara chichigunun'una:

• inoda "nzvimbo yakachengeteka" (nzvimbo apo munhu anogona kukwikwidza akasununguka);
• "Trigger yambiro" (chiito chekunyevera zvisati zvavhundutsa zvirimo);
• "No-platforming" (inorambidza humwe hunhu kutora chikamu pagakava).

Maitiro ayo vamwe vanotya kuenzaniswa nekurwiswa kwerusununguko rwekutaura uye kumwe kudzvinyirira mumayunivhesiti eChirungu neAmerica.

Vazhinji vadzidzisi veyunivhesiti vanocherekedza kushomeka kwekuzvitsoropodza kune vadzidzi, kunetsekana kwekuzvibvunza ivo pachavo, kunetseka kwekuita nharo.

Chekutanga Amendment nyanzvi Greg Lukianoff uye wezvemagariro wezvepfungwa Jonathan Haidt vanobvunza zvikonzero zveaya matsva macampus matambudziko. Ivo vane mavambo avo mune matatu anotyisa mazano ayo ari kuwedzera uye akabatanidzwa muhudiki uye dzidzo yechizvarwa chino:

• zvisingauraye zvinokupedza simba;
• gara uchivimba nemanzwiro ako;
• hupenyu ihondo pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa.

Sekureva kwevaongorori, idzi nhema nhatu huru dzinopesana nemisimboti yepfungwa pamusoro pehupenyu uye nehungwaru hwekare hwetsika dzakawanda. Kubvuma izvi zvisiri zvechokwadi - uye tsika inokonzeresa yekuchengetedza - zvinokanganisa magariro, mweya pamwe nehungwaru hwevechidiki. Zvakaoma kwavari kuti vave vanhu vakazvimiririra, vanokwanisa kutarisana nenjodzi dzehupenyu. Zvinoenderana neongororo yakaitwa naLukianoff naHaidt, idzi nhema dzinobva kunzvimbo yemagariro makange muchigeza chizvarwa ichi:

• kuwedzera kutya kwevabereki;
• kuderera kwekutarisirwa uye kwakatungamirirwa kutamba nevana;
• nyika nyowani yemasocial media, vechidiki kupindwa muropa.

Chizvarwa chakaoma kubata

Na2020, hafu yevashandi ichauya kubva kuchizvarwa chino chakanamatira pakati pekuyaruka nekukura. Nechokwadi, maneja wechando anozofanira kubata neake maitiro uye oonekwa semutungamiri.

Muenzaniso wechokwadi wekutevera nekumiririra masimba, anofanira:

• muperekedze;
• mudzidzisei;
• chipangamazano.

Sezvo chizvarwa ichi chine hanya nekuzivikanwa, zvakakosha kuti maneja azive kuyedza nebasa rakapihwa.