Iyo medulla oblongata, inonziwo elongated medulla, inhengo ye brain brain, yepakati tsinga system uye inoita basa rakakosha mumabasa ekupona.

nzvimbo. Iyo medulla oblongata inoumba chikamu chezasi che brain brain. Iyo yekupedzisira inotangira pasi pehuropi mukati mebhokisi re cranial uye inopfuura nepakati occipital foramen kuti ibatane nechepamusoro pe vertebral canal, iyo ichawedzerwa nemuzongoza (1). Iyo brainstem inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: iyo midbrain, zambuko uye medulla oblongata. Iyo yekupedzisira saka inowanikwa pakati pebhiriji uye musana.

Yemukati chimiro. Uropi hunosanganisira medulla oblongata, hunoumbwa nechinhu chepfumbu chakakomberedzwa nechinhu chichena. Mukati meiyi nyaya chena, mune zvakare grey matter nuclei umo 10 ye12 cranial nerves inobuda (2). Pakati pekupedzisira, iyo trigeminal tsinga, abducent tsinga, kumeso tsinga, vestibulocochlear tsinga, glossopharyngeal tsinga, vagus tsinga, accessory tsinga uye hypoglossal tsinga dzinobuda zvachose kana zvishoma kubva medulla oblongata. Mimwe mota uye inonzwa tsinga fibers inowanikwawo muchimiro che medulla oblongata nenzira yemaprotrusions akadai semapiramidhi kana maorivhi (2).

Chimiro chekunze. Iyo posterior surface ye medulla oblongata uye bhiriji zvinoumba rusvingo rwemberi rwechina ventricle, mhango umo cerebrospinal fluid inotenderera.

Kupfuura kwemota uye nzira dzekunzwa. Iyo medulla oblongata inoumba nzvimbo yekupfuura kune akawanda mota uye nzira dzekunzwa.

Cardiovascular centre. Iyo medulla oblongata inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora moyo. Inogadzirisa kuwanda uye kusimba kwekugwinya kwemoyo. Inogadzirisawo BP nekukanganisa dhayamita yetsinga dzeropa (2).

Nzvimbo yekufema. Iyo medulla oblongata inotanga uye inogadzirisa rhythm yekufema uye amplitude (2).

Mamwe mabasa e medulla oblongata. Mamwe mabasa ane chekuita ne medulla oblongata sekumedza, mate, hiccups, kurutsa, kukosora kana kuhotsira (2).

Bulbar syndrome inoreva zvakasiyana-siyana pathologies inokanganisa medulla oblongata. Vanogona kunge vari degenerative, vascular kana bundu mavambo.

Stroke. Cerebrovascular accident, kana sitiroko, inoratidzwa nekudzivisa, zvakadai sekuumbwa kweropa rekuvhara ropa kana kuputika kweropa reuropi.3 Ichi chirwere chinogona kukanganisa mabasa e medulla oblongata.

Head trauma. Inoenderana nekuvhunduka dehenya uko kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwehuropi. (4)

Chirwere cheParkinson. Inoenderana nechirwere cheeurodegenerative, ayo maratidziro ari kunyanya kudedera pazororo, kana kudzikira uye kudzikisira huwandu hwekufamba. (5)

Multiple sclerosis. Ichi chirwere chiri autoimmune chirwere chepakati tsinga. Iyo immune system inorwisa iyo myelin, iwo sheath wakakomberedza tsinga dzemagetsi, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kuita. (6)

Zvirwere zve medulla oblongata. Benign kana mamota akaipa anogona kukura mu medulla oblongata. (7)

Thrombolyse. Inoshandiswa pakurohwa, kurapwa uku kunosanganisira kuputsa thrombi, kana kuvhara ropa, nerubatsiro rwemishonga.

Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Zvichienderana nehutachiona hwakawanikwa, marapirwo akasiyana anogona kupihwa akadai seanorwisa-kupisa mishonga.

Kuvhiya kurapa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirwere chakaonekwa, kupindira kwekuvhiya kunogona kuitwa.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy. Zvichienderana padanho rebundu, aya marapirwo anogona kupihwa.

Kuongorora kwepanyama. Kutanga, kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunoitwa kuitira kucherechedza uye kuongorora zviratidzo zvinoonekwa nemurwere.

Chiremba imaging bvunzo. Kuti uongorore kukuvara kwehuropi, hura uye musana CT scan kana iyo cerebral MRI inogona kunyanya kuitwa.

biopsy. Uku kuongorora kunosanganisira muenzaniso wemasero.

Lumbar kubaya. Iyi bvunzo inobvumira iyo cerebrospinal fluid kuti iongororwe.

Thomas Willis chiremba wechiChirungu akafunga semumwe wemapiyona eurology. Aive mumwe wekutanga kupa tsananguro yekongiri yehuropi, kunyanya kubudikidza nerugwaro rwake cerebral anatomy. (8)