Kufirwa nemunhu waunoda chiitiko chinorwadza zvikuru. Mushure merufu, mhuri yemushakabvu inogona kukumbira kurapwa kwekuchengetedza, kunonzi kuomesa. Izvi zvinononotsa kuora kwemuviri uye zvinobatsira kuti uchengetedze. Kuchengetedzwa kwemushakabvu kwakatovapo makore 5000 apfuura: saka, vaIjipita - uye pamberi pavo maTibetan, maChinese - vakaomesa vakafa vavo. Nhasi, mabasa aya anoitwa pamuviri wemunhu achangobva kufa anosanganisira kutsiva ropa nefomalin, pasina kuburitswa. Kuchengeta zvitunha uku, uko kunoitwa neanoomesa zvitunha, hakumanikidzwi. Kurapa nekuomesa zvitunha kunowanzo kukumbirwa mukati memaawa XNUMX erufu.

Maiva muna 1963 apo izwi rekuti dethana "topraxia" rakagadzirwa. Iri izwi rinobva muchiGiriki: "Thanatos" inyanzvi yerufu, uye "praxein" zvinoreva kushandura nepfungwa yekufamba, kugadzirisa. Saka kuomesa zvitunha ndiyo nzira yehunyanzvi inoshandiswa kuchengetedza mitumbi kana munhu afa. Iri izwi rakatsiva rekuti “embalm”, zvichireva kuti “kuisa mubharisami”. Chokwadi, zita iri rakanga risisaenderane nemaitiro matsva ekuchengetedza mitumbi yevafi. 

Kubva 1976, kuomesa zvitunha kwave kuchizivikanwa nezviremera zveveruzhinji, izvo zvakabvumidza zvinwiwa zvekuchengetedza: saka kubva pazuva rino zita rekuti "kuchengetedza kuchengetedza" rakapinda mumirau yemariro. Kuomesa muviri kunosanganisira jekiseni rekuchengetedza uye hutsanana mutsinga yevascular system yemushakabvu, kusati kwabuda mvura kubva muchipfuva nedumbu, pasina kuita evisceration.

Kuchengetedzwa kwemushakabvu kwakatovapo makore 5000 apfuura. VaEgipita - uye pamberi pavo vaTibetan, maChina - vakaomesa vakafa. Zvamazvirokwazvo, unyanzvi hwokuviga zvitunha zvakaputirwa mujira ndokuiswa mumakuva ejecha hahuchabvumiri kuchengetedzwa kwakarurama. Nzira yekuomesa zvitunha yevaIjipita ingangove yakatorwa mumuitiro wekuchengetedza nyama mubrine. 

Kuomesa zvitunha uku kwainyatsobatanidzwa nechitendero chemetaphysical metempsychosis, dzidziso iyo mweya mumwe chete unogona kuraramisa miviri yakati wandei zvichitevedzana. Wezvenhau wechiGiriki Herodotus akataurawo kuti kudavira kusafa kune zvose zviri zviviri mweya nomuviri, chero bedzi izvo zvapashure zvisingaori. Herodotus akatsanangura nzira nhatu dzekuomesa chitunha dzaishandiswa nemitero yevaIjipiti, maererano nemari yemhuri.

Maererano nemamwe mabhuku, kuomesa zvitunha zvemazuva ano kunobva mukuita jekiseni rakagadzirwa nachiremba wekuFrance muuto reAmerica, Jean-Nicolas Gannal, uyo makore akapoteredza 1835 akawana nzira iyi yekuchengetedza zvitunha, ndokubva aita patent yake: akaisa arsenic-based gadziriro kuburikidza. nzira ye arterial. Mamwe magwaro anoratidza kuti kungave kuri kuomesa vanachiremba vasiri vemauto, asi kubhadharwa nemhuri dzemasoja, vaiita basa iri rekuchengetedza vasati vadzoserwa kumusha kwe“vakafa muhondo” kusvikira mariro. Zviri mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu kuti nzira iyi yakawedzera simba panguva yeAmerican Civil War. Iyo nzira yakapararira zvakanyanya muFrance kubva kuma1960.

Chinangwa chekuomesa chitunha, nzira yeutsanana uye kuratidzwa kwemufi, kunonoka kuora kwechitunha. Ndizvozvo, maererano nenyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu Hélène Gérard-Rosay, "Kupa mufi mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka uye ane hutsanana". Mamiriro ekutanga emufi akakosha pakuzadzikiswa kwekuchengetwa kwemupfuri. Pamusoro pezvo, kana kuomesa chitunha uku kuchikurumidza kuitika mushure merufu, ndipo panobva panyanya kunaka. Kutaura zvazviri, kuomesa chitunha kunosanganisira mishonga yose inoshandiswa nechinangwa chokuderedza kuparara kwechisikigo, kuitira kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza mutumbi wemufi.

Parizvino, thanatopraxy, kana kutarisirwa kwese kunopiwa mufi, kunosanganisira nzira dzakanangana nekunonotsa mhedzisiro isingadzivisiki yebiochemical, uye kazhinji inoshungurudza, yekuora (inonziwo thanatomorphosis) yemuviri wevanhu. Mudzidzi Louis-Vincent Thomas anoratidza kuti izvi zvemuviri uye zvemuviri, kunyangwe zverunako, zvinomisa maitiro ekuita cadaverization kwenguva shoma kuti "Kuve nechokwadi chekubata uye kuratidzwa kwemufi pasi pemamiriro akanaka ehutsanana hwemuviri nepfungwa."

Kuchengeta kunoitwa nemuomesa ine chinangwa chekutsiva rinenge ropa remufi rose nemushonga we formalin, aseptic. Nekuda kweizvi, anoomesa chitunha anoshandisa trocar, kureva kuti chinopinza uye chekucheka chiridzwa chekuvhiya icho chinoshandiswa kugadzira moyo uye mudumbu punctures. Chikamu chekunze chemuviri chinoramba chakachengetedzwa. Kuchengeta kunoitwa nemuomesa hakusi kumanikidzwa, uye kunofanira kukumbirwa nehama. Kurapa kwekuomesa zvitunha uku kunobhadhariswa. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana tsika iyi isingasungirwi muFrance, iri pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, munyaya yekudzorerwa kune dzimwe nyika kune dzimwe nyika.

Yakarambidzwa muna 1846, iyo arsenic iyo yakazoshandiswa yakabva yatsiviwa neborated glycine sechinhu chinopinda kutakura mvura inochengetedza mumatumbu emushakabvu. Ipapo ichava phenol ichashandiswa, ichiri kushandiswa nhasi mukuomesa zvitunha zvemazuva ano.

Muchidimbu, kurapwa kwekuomesa chitunha kunoitwa sezvinotevera:

• Muviri unotanga kucheneswa kuitira kudzivirira kupararira kwebhakitiriya;
• Zvadaro pane kubviswa kuburikidza nekubaya magasi pamwe chete nechikamu chemvura yemuviri kuburikidza netrocar;
• Jekiseni rinoitwa panguva imwe chete nenzira ye intra-arterial yebiocidal solution, formalin;
• Iyo wicking uye ligature inoitwa kuti irege kuyerera, maziso akavharwa. Vanoomesa zvitunha vanoisa chifukidziro cheziso ipapo kuti vatsivise maziso ari kupera;
• Naizvozvo muviri unopfekedzwa, unogadzirwa uye unopihwa;
• Mumakore achangopfuura, chiitiko ichi chapera nekunamirwa, pachiziso chemufi, kwebhodhoro remuenzaniso umo mupfuri anoisa chigadzirwa chaakashandisa kuchengetedza kuchengetedza.

Mvumo isati yatanga kubva kuna meya wekanzuru yenzvimbo yerufu kana yenzvimbo iyo kurapwa kunofanirwa kusainwa, iyo inotaura nzvimbo uye nguva yekupindira, zita nekero yeanoomesa pamwe chete nemvura. kushandiswa.

Zvikamu zviviri zvekutarisira zvinogona kuitwa, nemhedzisiro yekuchengetedza muviri kwenguva yakati:

• Presentation care, iyo inosanganisira chimbuzi chekuviga, inonzi classic care yehutsanana. Mupfuri anogeza, kugadzira uye kupfekedza muviri uye kuvharira nzira dzemhepo. Kuchengetedza, kunoitwa nechando, kunonzi kuchengetedza kwemuchina. Inogumira kumaawa makumi mana nemasere;
• Kuchengetedza kuchengetedza kune zvese zvine hutsanana uye aesthetic chinangwa. Mupfuri anoitawo chimbuzi, make-up, kupfeka, kuvharidzira nzira dzemhepo, uye, nekuwedzera, anopinza mvura inochengetedza. Chigumisiro ndechekusvibiswa kwechiedza chemicheka. Mvura iyi ine fungicidal uye bactericidal. Nekuomesa nechando matishu, zvinoita kuti mutumbi wemushakabvu uchengetwe pakamuri tembiricha kwemazuva matanhatu.

Mabviro ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza, kwatataura, kazhinji kune maEjipita, akange asina zvinangwa zvakafanana neizvo zvatinowana nhasi. Nhasi, tsika yekuchengetedza kuchengetedza muFrance ine chinangwa chekuchengeta mutumbi wemufi uri mumamiriro akanaka. Migumisiro yekurapa kunoitwa nemupfuri inoita kuti zvibvirire kupa mweya werunyararo kumufi, kunyanya kana chiito chekuomesa chinoitwa mushure mekurwadziwa kwechirwere chakareba. Nokudaro, kutarisira uku kunopa vatsigiri nzvimbo iri nani yekufungisisa. Uye hama dzemufi dzinotanga chirongwa chekuchema mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.