Chirevo ichi chakafunga nezve data kubva kumakumi matatu nemanomwe ezvitubu zvakakura zvemvura yakachena papasi mukati memakore gumi (kubva muna 37 kusvika 2003), yakawanikwa pachishandiswa GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) setiraiti system. Mhedziso iyo masayendisiti akaita kubva muchidzidzo ichi haatombonyaradzi: zvakazoitika kuti 2013 ye21 matsime makuru emvura anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye 37 yavo iri padanho rekupera zvachose.
Zviripachena kuti kushandiswa kwemvura yakachena pasi pano hakuna musoro, kubira. Izvi zvinogona kutyisidzira kupedza kwete chete 8 inonyanya kunetsa masosi ayo atova mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, asiwo ayo 21 apo kuenzana kwekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwakatogumburwa.
Imwe yemibvunzo mikuru isingapindurwe neongororo yeNASA ndeyechokwadi kuti ingani mvura yakachena yasara muzvitubu makumi matatu nemanomwe akakosha anozivikanwa nemunhu? Iyo GRACE system inogona kungobatsira kufanotaura mukana wekudzoreredzwa kana kupera kweimwe sosi yemvura, asi haigone kuverenga zvakachengetwa "nemarita". Masayendisiti akabvuma kuti havasati vane nzira yakavimbika ingabvumira kumisa nhamba chaidzo dzenzvimbo dzemvura. Zvakadaro, mushumo mutsva uchiri kukosha - wakaratidza kuti isu tiri kufamba nenzira isiri iyo, ndiko kuti, kuenda kumagumo ezviwanikwa.
Mvura inoenda kupi?
Sezviri pachena, mvura hai“siyi” pachayo. Imwe neimwe yeaya makumi maviri nerimwe ane dambudziko masosi ane yake yakasarudzika nhoroondo yemarara. Kazhinji, izvi zvingave zvicherwa, kana zvekurima, kana kungoderedzwa kwechishandiso nehuwandu hwevanhu.
Zvido zvemhuri
Vanhu vanoda kusvika mabhiriyoni maviri pasi rose vanowana mvura yavo kubva mumatsime epasi pevhu chete. Kupera kwechidziva chenguva dzose kuchareva zvakaipisisa kwavari: hapana chekunwa, hapana chekubika chikafu, hapana chekugeza nacho, hapana chekuwachira mbatya, nezvimwe.
Chidzidzo chesatellite chakaitwa neNASA chakaratidza kuti kuderera kukuru kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kunowanzoitika apo vagari venzvimbo vanoidya nekuda kwezvinodiwa zvemumba. Ndiwo matsime emvura epasi pevhu ayo ari ega manyuko emvura enzvimbo zhinji dzekugara muIndia, Pakistan, Arabian Peninsula (kune mamiriro emvura akaipisisa pasi pano) uye North Africa. Mune ramangwana, huwandu hwePasi, chokwadi, hucharamba huchiwedzera, uye nekuda kwemaitiro ekuenda kumaguta, mamiriro acho achawedzera kuipa.
Kushandiswa kwekushandisa
Dzimwe nguva indasitiri inokonzeresa kushandiswa kwakashata kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. Semuenzaniso, Canning Basin muAustralia ndiyo yechitatu yakanyanya kushandiswa zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zvemvura papasi. Nharaunda iyi inogara kucherwa kwegoridhe nesimbi, pamwe nekuongorora nekugadzirwa kwegasi.
Kucherwa kwemaminerari, kusanganisira matsime emafuta, kunoenderana nekushandiswa kwemvura yakakura kudaro zvekuti zvisikwa hazvikwanise kuzvidzoreredza zvega.
Mukuwedzera, kazhinji nzvimbo dzemigodhi hadzina kupfuma mumvura - uye pano kushandiswa kwemvura kunonyanya kushamisa. Semuenzaniso, muUS, 36% yematsime emafuta uye gasi ari munzvimbo dzine mvura yakachena. Kana indasitiri yezvicherwa ichikura munzvimbo dzakadai, mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzova akaoma.
kurima
Panyika yose, ndiko kucherwa kwemvura yekudiridza muminda yekurima ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera matambudziko emvura. Imwe ye“nzvimbo dzinopisa” zvikuru muiri chinetso iaquifer iri muCalifornia Valley yeUnited States, uko kurima kunosimudzirwa zvikuru. Mamiriro ezvinhu akashata zvakare mumatunhu umo kurima kunotsamira zvachose pamvura yepasi pevhu pakudiridza, sezvazviri kuIndia. Zvekurima zvinoshandisa 70% yemvura yakachena inopedzwa nevanhu. Inosvika gumi nenhatu pamari iyi inoenda kuchirimwa chikafu chezvipfuyo.
Mapurazi ezvipfuyo eindasitiri ndeimwe yevanonyanya kushandisa mvura pasi rose - mvura inodiwa kwete chete pakukura kwekudya, asiwo yekunwisa mhuka, mapeni ekugezera, uye zvimwe zvinodiwa papurazi. Semuenzaniso, kuUS, purazi remukaka remazuva ano rinodya avhareji yemamiriyoni 3.4 emarita (kana 898282 malita) emvura pazuva nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana! Zvinoitika kuti pakugadzirwa kwe 1 litre yemukaka, mvura yakawanda inodururwa semunhu anodurura mumvura kwemwedzi. Indasitiri yenyama haisi nani pane indasitiri yemukaka maererano nekushandiswa kwemvura: kana iwe ukaverenga, zvinotora 475.5 malita emvura kugadzira patty kune imwe burger.
Maererano nevesainzi, panosvika 2050 huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose huchawedzera kusvika pamabhiriyoni mapfumbamwe. Tichitarisa kuti vazhinji vevanhu ava vanodya nyama yezvipfuyo nezvemukaka, zviri pachena kuti dambudziko remvura yekunwa richatonyanya. Kupera kwezvitubu zvepasi pemvura, matambudziko ekurima uye kuvhiringwa kwekugadzirwa kwechikafu chinokwanira vagari vemo (kureva nzara), kuwedzera kwenhamba yevanhu vanogara pasi pehurombo… Zvese izvi mhedzisiro yekushandiswa zvisina musoro kwezviwanikwa zvemvura. .
Chii chingaitwe?
Kuri pachena kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe haagoni kutanga “hondo” yokurwisana navashandisi vemvura vane utsinye kupfurikidza nokudzongonyedza kucherwa kwendarama kana kuti kunyange kudzima gadziriro yokudiridza pauswa hwomuvakidzani! Asi munhu wese anogona kutotanga nhasi kuziva zvakanyanya nezvekushandiswa kwehunyoro hunopa hupenyu. Heano mamwe mazano anobatsira:
· Usatenge mvura yekunwa yemubhodhoro. Vazhinji vagadziri vemvura yekunwa vanotadza nekuichera munzvimbo dzisina mvura vozoitengesa kuvatengi nemutengo wakakwira. Nokudaro, nebhodhoro rimwe nerimwe, kuenzana kwemvura papasi kunovhiringidzwa zvakanyanya.
- Ngwarira kushandiswa kwemvura mumba mako: semuenzaniso, nguva yaunopedza mukugeza; dzima pombi paunenge uchikwesha mazino ako; Usarega mvura ichiyerera mudhishi iwe uchizora ndiro ne detergent.
- Deredza kudyiwa kwenyama uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka - sezvatave taverenga pamusoro apa, izvi zvichaderedza kupera kwemvura. Kugadzirwa kwe1 litre yemukaka wesoya kunoda ka13 chete kuwanda kwemvura inodiwa kugadzira litre yemukaka wemombe. Soy burger inoda mvura 1 kugadzira burger yenyama. Sarudzo ndeyako.