Imwe yemisiyano yekare inozivikanwa pakati pevanhu nemachimpanzi inogona kunge yakabatsira mahominids ekare, uye iye zvino vanhu vemazuva ano, kubudirira mumadaro marefu. Kuti vanzwisise kuti shanduko inoshanda sei, masayendisiti akaongorora tsandanyama dzembeva dzaive dzakagadziridzwa kuti dzitakure shanduko. Mumakonzo ane shanduko, mazinga eokisijeni akawedzera kusvika kumamhasuru ekushanda, achiwedzera kutsungirira uye kuderedza kuneta kwemhasuru. Vatsvagiri vanoratidza kuti shanduko inogona kushanda zvakafanana muvanhu.
Kuchinja kwakawanda kwemuviri kwakabatsira kuita kuti vanhu vasimbe mukumhanya kureba: kushanduka kwemakumbo marefu, kugona kudikitira, uye kurasikirwa kwemvere zvese zvakakonzera kuwedzera kutsungirira. Vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti “vakawana hwaro hwokutanga hwemamorekuru nokuda kweidzi chinjo dzisina kujairika muvanhu,” anodaro muongorori wezvokurapa uye munyori anotungamirira wefundo Ajit Warki.
Iyo CMP-Neu5 Ac Hydroxylase (CMAH kwenguva pfupi) gene yakashandurwa mumadzitateguru edu makore angangoita mamirioni maviri kana matatu apfuura apo hominids yakatanga kusiya sango kunodya nekuvhima munzvimbo yakakura kwazvo. Ichi ndicho chimwe chepakutanga kusiyana kwemajini kwatinoziva pamusoro pevanhu vemazuva ano uye chimpanzi. Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, Varki nechikwata chake chekutsvagisa vakaona majini mazhinji ane chekuita nekumhanya. Asi CMAH ndiro jena rekutanga rinoratidza basa rakatorwa uye kugona kutsva.
Zvisinei, havasi vatsvakurudzi vose vane chokwadi nezvebasa rejini mukushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu. Nyanzvi yebiology Ted Garland, anoongorora nezve evolutionary physiology kuUC Riverside, anoyambira kuti kubatana kuchiri "kufungidzira" panguva ino.
“Handina chokwadi nedivi remunhu, asi handina kupokana kuti rinoitira tsandanyama,” anodaro Garland.
Nyanzvi yezvipenyu inotenda kuti kungotarisa kutevedzana kwenguva pakaitika shanduko iyi hakuna kukwana kutaura kuti geni iri rakaita basa rakakosha mukushanduka kwekumhanya.
Iyo CMAH mutation inoshanda nekushandura nzvimbo dzemasero anoumba muviri wemunhu.
"Sero rega rega mumuviri rakafukidzwa zvachose musango rakakura reshuga," anodaro Varki.
CMAH inokanganisa nzvimbo iyi nekukodha sialic acid. Nekuda kwekuchinja uku, vanhu vane mhando imwe chete yeasilic acid musango reshuga remasero avo. Dzimwe mhuka dzakawanda dzinoyamwisa, kusanganisira chimpanzi, dzine marudzi maviri easidhi. Ichi chidzidzo chinoratidza kuti shanduko iyi yeasidhi iri pamusoro pemasero inokanganisa nzira iyo oxygen inounzwa kumaseru emhasuru mumuviri.
Garland anofunga isu hatigone kufunga kuti iyi shanduko yaive yakakosha kuti vanhu vashanduke kuenda kune vanomhanya kure. Mukuona kwake, kunyange kana kuchinja uku kusina kuitika, kumwe kuchinja kwakaitika. Kuratidza kubatana pakati peCMAH nekushanduka-shanduka kwevanhu, vaongorori vanofanirwa kutarisa kuoma kwedzimwe mhuka. Kunzwisisa kuti muviri wedu wakabatana sei nekurovedza muviri hakungotibatsiri kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro pekare, asiwo kuwana nzira itsva dzekuvandudza hutano hwedu mune ramangwana. Zvirwere zvakawanda, zvakadai seshuga nehosha yemwoyo, zvinogona kudzivirirwa nokurovedza muviri.
Kuti mwoyo wako netsinga dzirambe dzichishanda, American Heart Association inokurudzira maminitsi makumi matatu ekuita zvine mwero zuva nezuva. Asi kana iwe uchinzwa kufemerwa uye uchida kuyedza miganhu yako yemuviri, ziva kuti biology iri parutivi rwako.