Ngozi inouraya kubva pasi pegungwa
Mazuva ano hove dzakasvibiswa nemakemikari ane chepfu anokonzera gomarara uye kuora kweuropi. Zvakare, pane zvese zvigadzirwa, hove ndiyo ine njodzi zvakanyanya maererano neiyo pathogenic bacteria. Unofunga kuti hove chikafu chine utano here? Funga futi. Hove dzinogara mumvura yakasvibiswa zvekuti waisambofunga kuinwa. Uye zvakadaro urikumedza cocktail ine muchetura iyi yebhakitiriya, chepfu, heavy metals, etc. Izvi zvinoitika pese paunodya hove. Vatsvakurudzi vepaYunivhesiti yeI Illinois vakawana kuti vanhu vanodya hove uye vane huwandu hwakawanda hwepolychlorinated biphenyls muropa ravo vane dambudziko rekuyeuka ruzivo rwavakagamuchira maminitsi makumi matatu apfuura. Muviri wehove unotora makemikoro ane chepfu mumvura, uye zvinhu izvi zvinova zvakanyanya sezvazvinokwidza cheni yezvokudya. Hove huru dzinodya hove diki, uye hove hombe (dzakadai setuna nesalmon) dzinotora makemikari kubva muhove dzadzinodya. Nyama yehove inounganidza zvinosvibisa zvakaita sepolychlorinated biphenyls zvinokonzeresa kukanganisa chiropa, hurongwa hwetsinga uye nhengo dzekubereka. Strontium-90 muhove, pamwe chete necadmium, mercury, lead, chromium uye arsenic, inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kweitsvo, kushaya pfungwa, uye kenza (1,2,3,4). Iyi chepfu inoungana mumafuta emunhu uye inogaramo kwemakumi emakore. Chikafu chegungwa zvakare ndicho #1 chikonzero chekudya chepfu muUS.
Nzira zhinji dzomumvura dzakasvibiswa netsvina yevanhu neyemhuka, uye tsvina inotakura mabhakitiriya ane ngozi akadai seE. coli. Naizvozvo, patinodya hove, tinozviisa pachedu pangozi isingakoshi yokubatwa nehosha inotapukira iyo inogona kutungamirira kukusagadzikana kukuru, kukuvadzwa kugadziriro yetsinga, uye kunyange rufu.
Zvokudya zvegungwa ndiyo #1 chikonzero chekudya chepfu muUS. Chepfu yezvokudya zvomugungwa inogona kutungamirira kuutano husina kunaka, kukuvadzwa kweitsvo negadziriro yetsinga, uye kunyange rufu. Maererano nemushumo weThe General Accounting Office, indasitiri yokuredza haina kudzorwa zvakanaka. Iyo Food and Drug Administration kazhinji haiedzi hove kune akawanda anozivikanwa makemikari uye mabhakitiriya. Iyi ndiyo mercury Nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri, hove dzinounganidza mercury munyama yadzo. Hove dzinotora mercury, uye inoiswa munyama yadzo. Kana iwe ukadya hove, muviri wako uchatora mercury kubva muhove nyama, uye kuunganidzwa kwechinhu ichi kunogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko makuru ehutano. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hove - iyi ndiyo chete nzira iyo munhu anogona kusangana nayo muchetura uyu. Kudya hove nedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa ndiyo chete nzira iyo vanhu vanogona kusangana nayo nemercury. New England Journal of Medicine (2003) Kunyange shoma shoma dzehove dzine simba rakasimba pamazinga e mercury yeropa. Ongororo yakaitwa nesangano reEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakaratidza kuti madzimai aidya hove kaviri pasvondo ane mercury yakawanda muropa zvakapetwa kanomwe pane vasina kumbodya hove mwedzi wapfuura. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidzawo kuti kana mukadzi anorema makirogiramu zana nemazana mana akadya maounzi matanhatu etuna chena kamwe pasvondo, ipapo mwero we mercury muropa rake unodarika izvo zvinotenderwa. 30%. Mercury ichepfu. Mercury inozivikanwa kukonzeresa hosha yakakomba muvanhu, kusanganisira kukuvara kwehuropi, kurasikirwa nendangariro, kudedera, kupfupfudzika, uye kukanganisa kwe "fetus". Mercury poisoning inobva mukudya hove inokonzerawo kuneta uye kurasikirwa nekuyeuka. Vamwe vanachiremba vanodana iyi "haze yehove". Ongororo yakaitwa naJane Hightower, mumwe chiremba wokuSan Francisco, yakaratidza kuti varwere vake vakawanda vakanga vawedzera mwero yemekiyuri mumiviri yavo, uye vakawanda vakaratidza zviratidzo zvechepfu yemercury, zvakadai sokupera kwebvudzi, kuneta, kuora mwoyo, kutadza kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe, uye musoro. Chiremba akaona kuti mamiriro evarwere ava nani pavakarega kudya hove. Sekutaura kunoita Hightower, "Mercury ichepfu inozivikanwa. Kune nguva dzose matambudziko naye, chero kwaanosangana. Vatsvakurudzi vakawanawo kuti mercury inowanikwa mumhuka dzegungwa inogona kukonzera chirwere chemwoyo muvanhu vanodya hove. Mumwe mushumo uchangoburwa wakabudiswa neResearch Institute of Public Health muFinland wakawana kuti varume vane mercury yakakwirira muropa kubva pakudya hove vane mukana wakapetwa ka1,5 wokuva nehosha yemwoyo, kubatanidza hosha yemwoyo. pfari. nyama ine chepfu Mercury haisi iyo yega chinhu chine ngozi muhove. Vanhu vanodya hove vanowanawo polychlorinated biphenyls. Hove hombe dzinodya hove diki, saka kuwanda kwePCB mumiviri yehove huru kunowedzera. Vanhu vanogashira mapolychlorinated biphenyls nekudya hove vane kukuvara kwehuropi, kusagadzikana kwekubereka, uye njodzi yakawedzera yegomarara. Hove dzinogona kuunganidza makemikari akawanda kwazvo muhove nemafuta, anosvika 9 miriyoni kakawanda kupfuura mvura yadzinogara mairi. Polychlorinated biphenyls zvinhu zvekugadzira izvo zvaimboshandiswa mu hydraulic fluid nemafuta, mune magetsi capacitor uye transformers. Kushandiswa kwavo kwakarambidzwa muUS muna 1979, asi kushandiswa kwakapararira mumakore apfuura kwakakonzera kuwanikwa kwavo kwese kwese, kunyanya muhove. Polychlorinated biphenyls ine ngozi nekuti inoita semahomoni, inokonzeresa kukuvara kwetsinga, uye inopa huwandu hwezvirwere, zvinosanganisira gomarara, kushaya mbereko, mamwe matambudziko ekuzvara, nezvimwe. Vatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeI Illinois vakawana kuti vanhu vanodya hove uye vane mazinga akawanda ePCB muropa ravo vane dambudziko rekuyeuka ruzivo rwavakagamuchira maminitsi makumi matatu apfuura. Polychlorinated biphenyls inotorwa nemitumbi yehove. Hove huru dzinodya hove diki dzinounganidza huwandu hwakawanda hwePCB munyama yadzo uye dzinogona kusvika nhanho dzine zviuru zvakapetwa kupfuura dzePCB. Asi munhu haatombofungi nezvokunwa mvura iyi! Imwe bottlenose dolphin yaive nePCB level ye30 ppm, kakapetwa ka2000 kupfuura muganhu wepamutemo. MuEskimos, iyo kudya kwayo kunosanganisira zvakanyanya hove, mwero wepolychlorinated biphenyls muadipose tissue ndeye 40 zvikamu pamiriyoni. Izvi zvinodarika zvakanyanya kukosha kwemuganhu (15,7 ppm). Anenge ese maEskimos aive nemazinga epolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) akadarika, uye mune mamwe aive akakwira zvekuti mukaka wavo wemazamu nematishu emuviri zvaigona kuverengerwa semarara ane ngozi. Muna 0,094, nyika makumi matatu nesere muUS dzakapa kurudziro maererano nekudyiwa kwehove, zvichikonzerwa nehuwandu hwepolychlorinated biphenyls. MaPCB anokuita benzi. Dr. Susan L. Schantz weYunivhesiti yeIllinois College yeVeterinary Medicine ave achiongorora vanhu vanodya hove kubva muna 1992 uye vakaona kuti avo vanodya hove makumi maviri nemana kana kupfuura mugore remapaundi ehove, vane matambudziko ekuyeuka. Paavhareji, vanhu munyika yose vanodya makirogiramu 24 ehove pagore.) Akaona kuti vanhu vanodya hove vane mwero wakakwirira wepolychlorinated biphenyl muropa ravo, uye nemhaka yeizvi, vane chinetso chokuyeuka mashoko avakagamuchira maminiti 40 chete apfuura. . “Vanhu vakuru vakaonekwa kuti havanyanyi kubatwa nePCB pane kuita vana vanenge vari mudumbu. Izvozvo zvinogona kunge zvisina kudaro. " Muchidzidzo chake, vadyi vehove vakawanda vaiva nemwero wakakwirira wemutobvu, mercury, uye DDE (yakaumbwa apo DDT inoputsika) muropa ravo. Kunyange kuwandisa kwakaderera kwemutobvu kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa uye kukanganiswa kwepfungwa muvana. Kunyanya kuwanda kunogona kukonzera pfari uye kunyange rufu. Nekuberekana kwemaindasitiri, hove dzinowedzera kuchetura. Sarimoni musango iri kuita shoma, saka 80% salmon, iyo inotengeswa muAmerica, inobva kumapurazi ehove. Hove dzinorimwa dzinopiwa hove dzakabatwa musango. Zvinotora makirogiramu 1 ehove dzakabatwa nesango (marudzi ese asingakodzeri kudyiwa nevanhu) kukura 5 pondo yehove mumapurazi. Salmon yakasimudzwa ine mafuta akapetwa kaviri emamwe adzo emusango, zvichiita kuti mamwe mafuta aungane. Tsvagiridzo yesaumoni yakatengwa papurazi kubva kuzvitoro zvikuru zveAmerica yakaratidza mamwe maPCB kupfuura salmon yakabatwa musango. Pamusoro pezvo, salmon yakasimudzwa inoiswa dhayi nepingi kuti ipfuure sehove dzakabatwa musango. Muna 2003, nyaya yakamhan'arwa mudunhu reWashington nekuti dhayi yakanga isina kunyorwa pasuru yesalmon. Masayendisiti anonetsekana nekuti madhayiinoshandiswa salmon inogona kukanganisa retina. The Environmental Task Force inofungidzira kuti vanhu 800000 muUnited States vari panjodzi yehupenyu hwese yegomarara kubva pakudya salmon inorimwa. Hove dzine njodzi kuvakadzi nevana vavo Vakadzi vane pamuviri vanodya hove vanoisa pangozi hutano hwavo chete, asiwo hutano hwemwana wavo asati aberekwa. PCB, mercury nehumwe huturu hunowanikwa muhove hunogona kupfuudzwa kuvacheche nemukaka waamai. Vatsvakurudzi vepaWayne State University vakawana kuti “vakadzi vaidya hove nguva dzose, kunyange makore asati ava nepamuviri, vangangobereka vana vaneta pakuberekwa, vaiva nedenderedzwa duku romusoro, uye vaiva nezvinetso zvokukura.” Sangano reEnvironmental Protection Agency rinoti vana 600000 vakazvarwa mugore ra2000 havachakwanisi uye vane dambudziko rekudzidza nekuti madzimai avo vaidya hove panguva yavanenge vakazvitakura nekuyamwisa. Kunyange mwero wakaderera womutobvu muropa raamai unogona kurwarisa mwana. Kunyanya mercury poisoning ine njodzi kumwana ari mudumbu, nekuti mwero wemutobvu muropa remwana 70 yepamusoro pezana yaamai. Izvi zvingangove zvichikonzerwa nekuti ropa remucheche rinounganidza mercury pamwe chete nemamorekuru anodiwa pakukura. Sangano reEnvironmental Protection Agency rinoti vana 600000 vakazvarwa mugore ra2000 havachakwanisi uye vane dambudziko rekudzidza nekuti madzimai avo vaidya hove panguva yavanenge vakazvitakura nekuyamwisa. Vakadzi vanodya hove panguva yekuzvitakura vanogonawo kukonzera kukuvadza kwakakomba kuuropi hwemwana uye hurongwa hwetsinga. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vana vakaberekwa naamai vakadya hove dzakawanda gare gare vanotanga kutaura, kufamba, vane ndangariro dzakaipa uye ngwariro. "Inogona kudonhedza IQ nemapoinzi mashoma," anodaro Dr. Michael Gochfeld, sachigaro weMercury Task Force. "Zvinogona kukanganisa kurongeka kwemafambiro". Dr. Roberta F. White, sachigaro wekuchengetedzwa kwemhoteredzo paBoston University uye mutungamiriri weBoston Environmental Research Center, anoti vana vanoratidzirwa kumekiri vasati vaberekwa vanoratidza migumisiro yakaipa mukuedzwa kwekushanda kwetsinga. Hove inodyiwa naamai inokuvadza mwana wavo zvachose Masayendisiti paHarvard School of Public Health akawana kuti mercury inonwiwa kubva mugungwa inogona kukuvadza mwoyo uye inokonzera kukanganisa zvachose kwehuropi mucheche, zvose mu utero uye panguva yekukura. "Kana chimwe chinhu chikaitika kuuropi panguva yekukura nekukura, hapazovi nemukana wechipiri," anodaro muongorori anotungamirira Philippe Grandjean. Hove Dzose Dzine Ngozi Maererano neNatural Resources Defense Council, mumwe muvakadzi vatanhatu vezera rokubereka muUnited States ane mwero wemekiyuri inoisa mwana wake pangozi. VePublic Interest Research Group neEnvironmental Working Group vanoyambira kuti vakadzi vanodya zvinopfuura gaba rimwe retuna pamwedzi vanogona kuisa mercury mumiviri yavo inogona kukuvadza uropi huri kukura hwemwana asati azvarwa. Boka rePublic Interest Research Group neEnvironmental Working Group rinoyambira kuti vakadzi vane pamuviri vanodya zvinopfuura gaba rimwe retuna pamwedzi vanogona kuoneswa uwandu hwemercury hunogona kukanganisa uropi hwemwana huri kukura . Hove dzomugungwa handidzo chete dzinobudisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa zvine ngozi Hove dzinobatwa munzizi nemumadziva edu dzinokanganisawo utano hwemadzimai akazvitakura nevana vavo. Kunyange iyo EPA inochengetedza yakabvuma kuti inopfuura hafu yehove dzose dzemvura yakachena muU. yezera. MuMassachusetts, vakadzi vane pamuviri vakayambirwa kuti vasadye chero hove dzemvura yakachena dzakabatwa munharaunda iyoyo nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemercury. Muna 2002, nyika makumi mana nenhatu dzakapa yambiro yehove dzemvura yakachena uye zvirambidzo zvinofukidza 43% yemadziva enyika uye 30% yenzizi. Mukupindura kutyisidzira kuri kukura, Food and Drug Administration neEnvironmental Protection Agency inokurudzira kuti vakadzi vezera rokubereka nevana vaduku vasadye mamwe marudzi ehove dzine mutobvu mukuru. Asi mercury inowanikwa muhove dzose, uye sezvo mercury iri chepfu, nei tichifanira kunwa chinhu chinokonzera zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotyisa? Hove dzine chekuita negomarara rezamu uye kusabereka Kudyiwa kwehove kwave kuine chekuita nekushaya mbereko uye kuwedzera kwengozi yegomarara rezamu. Mukadzi wese anodya kunyange shoma shoma yehove dzakasvibiswa ane matambudziko akawanda ekubata pamuviri. Masayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin-Madison akawana kuti vakadzi vanodya hove dzemvura yakachena vane chiitiko chepamusoro-soro chegomarara rezamu. Chidzidzo chakafanana nevanotsvagisa veDanish chakawanawo hukama pakati pehove dzinodyiwa negomarara rezamu. Mhedziso: vanaamai vanorwara uye vana vanorwara Hove injodzi huru kuvakadzi nevana, uye isu tiri panjodzi huru pese apo chikafu chedu chine matanda ehove kana muto wehove. Nzira chete yekuchengetedza mhuri yako uye iwe pachako haisi kuisa hove mundiro yako, asi kuisiya mugungwa. Chikafu Chechepfu Sekureva kweCentre for Disease Control and Prevention, kune 75 miriyoni zviitiko zvechepfu yechikafu muUnited States gore rega rega, nemazana ezviuru zvevanhu vari muchipatara uye zviuru zviri kufa. Uye nhamba 1 chinokonzera chepfu chikafu chegungwa. Zviratidzo zvehupfu hwegungwa kubva kuhurwere hwakapfava kusvika pakukuvadzwa kwetsinga uye kunyange kufa. Zvokudya zvemugungwa zvinogonawo kuva nechepfu nekuti zvine mavhairasi nemabhakitiriya akadai sesalmonella, listeria neE. coli. Apo Consumer Reports pavakatarisa huwandu hwemabhakitiriya muhove itsva dzakatengwa kubva kuzvitoro zvikuru munyika yose, yakawana kuti 3-8 muzana yemasampuli aiva neE. coli bacteria pamusoro pemuganhu wepamutemo. Vanhu vazhinji vanoiswa muchetura nehove uye havazive zvakaitika, vanokanganisa chepfu ye "intestinal flu". Vanowanzova nekurutsa, manyoka, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, zviratidzo zvakafanana ne "intestinal flu". Kana ikasarapwa, muchetura wezvokudya uyu unogona kuuraya. Vana, vakwegura, vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanhu vane immune system isina simba ndivo vanonyanya kubatwa nazvo. Sezvo hove dziri iyo inonyanya kukonzera chepfu yechikafu, munhu anomhanya panjodzi yekurwara pese paanodya chigadzirwa ichi. Zvokudya zvegungwa ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekudya chepfu. Vanhu vanodarika 100000 vanorwara gore rega rega nekuda kwechikafu ichi, vazhinji vanofa, kunyangwe kufa kwavo kungadai kwakadziviswa. Caroline Smith De Waal, Center for Science muPublic Interest dhairekitori yekuchengetedza chikafu. Food and Drug Administration: Hurumende yakanyarara pamusoro pezvinogona kukukuvadza Food and Drug Administration haidzivisi kunyange hove dzine utachiona zvikuru kupinda muzvitoro, uyewo haidi kuti nyevero dzinyorwe pahove. Uye izvi zvisinei nekuti Bhodhi pachayo inoziva kuti vakadzi vane pamuviri havafanire kuidya. Nokudaro, zvakaoma kuti vatengi vadzidze nezvengozi. Maererano nemushumo weThe General Accounting Office, indasitiri yokuredza haina kudzorwa zvakanaka. Iyo FDA inotarisa vagadziri vehove mwedzi miviri yega yega, vagadziri vazhinji havatariswe zvachose nekuti havafanirwe kunyoresa neFood and Drug Administration. Chikamu 1-3 kubva muzana chete chehove dzinotengwa kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzinoongororwa pabhodha. Muzvikamu zvakawanda zveindasitiri yehove, kusanganisira matura, hapana chekutonga zvachose. Uye kana bvunzo dzikaitika, dzakarerekera nekuti Food and Drug Administration haiedzi hove kune zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa zviratidzo zvinoisa njodzi, kusanganisira mecury poisoning. Sekureva kwaCarolyn Smith De Waal, director weFood Safety Science Center, "Chirongwa cheFDA chehove chine mhosho, haina mari yakakwana, uye haina kuchengeteka kune vatengi." Vari kudivi raani? Kunyange zvazvo ngozi dzine chokuita nokudyiwa kwehove dzichinyatsozivikanwa, zviremera zvehurumende zvinoramba zvichiisa zvinodiwa nevagadziri vehove pamberi peutano hwevanhu. Sangano reEnvironment Working Group rinoti Food and Drug Administration yachinja maitiro ekudzikamisa tuna. Mushure mekumanikidzwa neindasitiri yehove. Imwe yenyanzvi dzepamusoro dzeFDA dzakasiya basa mukuratidzira mushure mekudzidza kuti FDA yakanga yafunga kufuratira sainzi uye kusayambira vatengi nezve njodzi dzehutano dze tuna. Vas Aposhian, nyanzvi yezvehupfu paYunivhesiti yeArizona, anoti hurumende inofanirwa kudzika mirau yakasimba pane tuna yemumagaba. "Mazano matsva aya ane ngozi ku99 muzana yevakadzi vane pamuviri nevana vavo vasati vaberekwa," akadaro. Ndinofunga kuti tinofanira kunyanyofunga nezveutano hwevana vemangwana venyika yedu kupfuura indasitiri yetuna.” Vas Aposhian, mazvikokota wechepfu paUniversity of Arizona, anoti hurumende inofanira kudzika mirau yakaoma zvikuru pamusoro petuna yomumagaba uye anoonesa, kuti: “Nhungamiro itsva dzine ngozi nokuda kwe99 muzana yavakadzi vane pamuviri navacheche vavo vasati vaberekwa.” Animal Rights Center "Vita"