Kweawa imwe kusvika maviri mushure mekusununguka, mwana achangoberekwa anowana nguva yekudzikama uye kusvinura inobatsira kuchinjana, kudzidza uye nemusoro (1). Ichi chimiro chekutarisisa chikamu chinotsanangurwa nekuburitswa kwekatecholamines mumuviri wemucheche, mahormone anomubatsira kugadzirisa physiologically kune yake nyowani nharaunda. Kune chikamu chavo, amai vanobudisa huwandu hweoxytocin, "love hormone" kana "attachment hormone", iyo inobatsira kune iyi mamiriro e "primary care care" inotsanangurwa nachiremba wevana Winnicott (2). Maawa maviri anotevera kusununguka saka inguva yakaropafadzwa yemusangano wekutanga pakati paamai nemwana.

Kana kusununguka kwakafamba zvakanaka, mwana achangoberekwa anopiwa kuna amai kubva pakuberekwa, zvichida "ganda kune ganda": anoiswa mushutu, musana wakavharwa mushure mekuoma, padumbu raamai vake. Iyi yeganda-kune-ganda kusangana (CPP) kubva pamaminitsi ekutanga ehupenyu uye kureba (90 kusvika 120 maminetsi) inobvumira shanduko yakatsetseka pakati peiyo utero nyika nehupenyu hwemhepo, uye inosimudzira kuchinjika kwemuviri wemwana achangoberekwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana. :

• kuchengetedza kunoshanda kwekushisa kwemuviri (3);
• chiyero chemakhahydrates chiri nani (4);
• zviri nani cardio-respiratory adaptation (5);
• nani microbial adaptation (6);
• kuderera kukuru pakuchema (7).

Ganda paganda rinokurudzirawo kugadzwa kwechisungo chaamai nemwana, kunyanya kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwehomoni oxytocin. "Iyi tsika yekusangana kwepedyo mukati memaawa ekutanga mushure mekuzvarwa inogona kufambisa maitiro ekubatana uye kudyidzana pakati paamai nemwana kuburikidza nezvinoita sekubata, kudziya uye kunhuwidza. », Inoratidza WHO (8).

Mumifananidzo yevachangobva kuberekwa muimba yekusununguka, chinowanzoshamisa kutarisa kwakadzama kwemwana achangoberekwa maminetsi mashomanana ehupenyu. Kune nyanzvi, kutarisa uku kwakasiyana, kunyanya. Dr Marc Pilliot vaive mumwe vevokutanga, muna 1996, kufarira "protoregard" iyi (kubva muchiGiriki protos, kutanga). "Kana tikasiya mwana pana amai vake, kutarisa kwehafu yekutanga yeawa kuchaita basa rinokosha uye rinotanga. »(9), anotsanangura kudaro chiremba wevana. Kutaridzika uku kune basa re "kurera": rinosimudzira kubatana kwaamai nemwana asiwo baba nemwana. "Zvinoitika (zveiyi protoregard) pavabereki zvine simba guru uye zvinovakanganisa, zvichikonzera mavari mhirizhonga chaiyo inovashandura vose kamwechete, nokudaro kuva nemigumisiro yekurera isingafaniri kuregeredzwa", inotsanangura imwe nhanho yehutano hwemadzimai, Dr Jean-Marie delassus (10). Nguva dzekutanga dzehupenyu hwemucheche, zvese zvinofanirwa kuitwa, muimba yekuzvitakura, kufarira chitarisiko ichi uye nekutsinhana kwakasarudzika.

Maawa maviri muimba yekusununguka ndiyo nguva yakakodzera yekuyamwisa kwekutanga kune vanaamai vanoshuva kuyamwisa, asiwo kune avo vanoda kupa mwana wavo "kugamuchira mazamu" kamwe chete. Kudya uku inguva yakasarudzika yekutsinhana nemwana uye kubva pakuona kwekudya kunomutendera kuti abatsirwe kubva mucolostrum, mvura yakakora uye yero yakapfuma kwazvo mumapuroteni uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzivirira.

WHO inokurudzira kuti “vanaamai vatange kuyamwisa vacheche vavo mukati meawa imwe chete yokuberekwa. Vachangozvarwa, vana vachangozvarwa vanofanira kuiswa paganda naamai vavo kweinenge awa, uye vanaamai vanofanira kukurudzirwa kuti vazive kana mwana wavo agadzirira kubatirira, vachipa rubatsiro kana zvichidiwa. . "(11).

Mucheche anoziva nzira yekuyamwa kubva pakuzvarwa, chero bedzi akapiwa mamiriro akakwana. “Ongororo dzakasiana dzakaratidza kuti kana pasina kudyisa, vacheche vanotakura zamu raamai vavo nokukurumidza pashure pokuberekwa, vanova nounhu hune hunhu vasati vayamwisa kwokutanga, uko bedzi nguva yacho inosiyana. Mafambiro ekutanga, akaitwa mushure me12 kusvika € 44 maminetsi, akateverwa nechaidzo chatch pazamu ichiperekedzwa neanoyamwa anoyamwa, mushure me27 kusvika € 71 maminetsi. Mushure mekuzvarwa, iyo yekuyamwa reflex yaizove yakakwana mushure memaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu, yozodzikira, ichimira kwemaawa maviri pamaawa maviri nehafu, "inodaro WHO. Pamusoro pehomoni, kuchera mazamu nemucheche kunokonzera kubuda kweprolactin (lactation hormone) uye oxytocin, iyo inofambisa kutanga kwekubuda kwemukaka uye ejection yayo. Mukuwedzera, mukati maaya maawa maviri pashure pokuberekwa, mucheche “anenge ari mumugariro wakakomba wechiito nomusoro. Kana mukaka wacho uchiyerera, kana akakwanisa kuutora nemaitiro ake ega, anonyora kudyisa kwekutanga uku sechiitiko chakanaka, chaanozoda kubereka gare gare,” vanotsanangura Dr Marc Pilliot (45).

Kudyisa kwekutanga uku kunoitwa ganda neganda kuitira kukurudzira kutangwa kwekuyamwisa asiwo kuenderera mberi kwayo. Chokwadi, "ruzivo rwazvino runoratidza kuti kusangana kweganda-ku-ganda pakati paamai neachangozvarwa kunobatsira kutanga kuyamwisa, kunowedzera mukana wekuyamwisa chete kwemwedzi mumwe kusvika mina, uye kurebesa nguva yese yekuyamwisa", inoratidza WHO (13). )