Three-spined stickleback: tsananguro, chitarisiko, pekugara, kubereka

Iyo stickleback ihove yemvura yakachena yehukuru hudiki, inomiririra mhando yehove ye-ray-finned uye ndeyekurongeka kwe sticklebacks. Pasi pezita iri, kune marudzi akati wandei ehove ane chimiro chimwe chete, nekuda kwekuti hove dzakawana iri zita rinonakidza.

Iyo ine mitsipa mitatu yakanamatira inosiyana kubva kune dzimwe hove pakuti ine mapikisi matatu anowanikwa kumashure, pamberi pechimbi. Nezvekunakidza kwehove iyi uye kwainogara kuchakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Three-spined stickleback: tsananguro yehove

Kuonekwa

Chekutanga, hove idiki, kunyangwe isiri diki senge, semuenzaniso, perch. Inogona kukura pakureba kusvika 12 cm kwete zvakare, ine huremu hwemakumi akati wandei emagiramu, kunyangwe vanhu vakaremera vanogona kuwanikwa.

Muviri wehove iyi wakarebesa uye wakatsikirirwa zvakasimba necheparutivi. Panguva imwecheteyo, muviri wehove iyi inoshamisa inodzivirirwa kubva kuvavengi. Sekutonga, ane matatu prickly spikes kumusana kwake, padyo nefin. Panewo peya yetsono dzakapinza padumbu, dzinoshanda sehove panzvimbo yezvimbi. Mukuwedzera, iyo yakasanganiswa pelvic mapfupa padumbu, pane imwe nguva, yakashanda senhovo yehove.

Pane chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chakabatana nekushaikwa kwezvikero. Pane kudaro, pane mahwendefa akachinjika pamuviri, nhamba yacho inotangira pa20 kusvika ku40. Mahwendefa akafanana anowanikwa munzvimbo yekuseri, iyo ine ruvara rwegirini-brown hue. Dumbu rehove iyi rinosiyaniswa neruvara rwesirivha, uye nzvimbo yechipfuva ine ruvara rutsvuku. Panguva imwecheteyo, panguva yekuberekesa, nzvimbo yechipfuva inotora ruvara rutsvuku, uye nzvimbo yekumashure inoshanduka kuva yakasvibirira.

Maitiro

Mhando yehove iyi inogona kuwanikwa mumvura yakachena uye ine munyu zvishoma. Panguva imwecheteyo, stickleback inosarudza miviri yemvura ine inononoka ikozvino. Idzi dzinogona kuva nzizi nemadziva ehukuru hudiki nepasi ine madhaka nemakwenzi ezvinomera zvemumvura. Hove dzinochengeta mapoka akawanda. Zvipfuyo zvinofamba-famba padziva zvine simba uye zvinobata kune chero chinhu chawira mumvura. Panyaya iyi, stickleback kazhinji inopinda mutsinga dzevaredzi, inogara ichitenderera panzvimbo yekuredza.

Kubereka

Pasinei nokuti hadzi haigoni kukandira mazai anopfuura zana, stickleback inobereka zvikuru. Munguva yokubereka, hove iyi inoumba rudzi rwedendere apo hadzi inokandira mazai ayo. Mushure maizvozvi, varume vanotanga kutarisira mwana.

Munguva yekuberekesa, zvimiti zvechikadzi zvinosiyaniswa neruvara rwakajeka.

Kusati kwatanga kubereka, vakapa zvakajeka mabasa pakati pevakadzi nevarume. Varume ndivo vane basa rekugadzira matendere nekutsvaga nzvimbo dzekudaro. Sezvo mutemo, vanovaka matendere mumatope pasi kana muuswa pedyo nemaruva emvura. Vanoshandisa silt nezvidimbu zveuswa kuvaka matendere akaita sebhora.

Kana dendere ravakwa, mukono unotsvaka hadzi, inokandira mazai mudendere rayo, yozoaberekesa. Panguva imwecheteyo, murume anogona kuwana anopfuura mukadzi mumwe. Muchiitiko ichi, dendere rake rinogona kunge rine mazai kubva kune vakadzi vakawanda.

Nguva yekuberekesa inogona kutamba kusvika kumwedzi mumwe. Pangozvarwa fry, murume anovachengeta, achidzinga zvikara. Panguva imwecheteyo, haabvumiri vaduku kushambira kure kure. Uye zvakadaro, pasinei nekutarisira kwakadaro, chikamu chimwe chete muzvitatu chemhuka duku dzinokwanisa kurarama.

stickleback vavengi

Sezvo kamuti kacho kane mitsipa mitatu kaine masipikisi kumusana uye tsono padumbu payo, inogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kuvavengi. Pasinei neizvi, ane vavengi vepanyama, vakadai sander kana pike. Kana hove ikarwiswa nehove inodya, inobva yaparadzira mapikisi ayo, ayo anobaya mumuromo mayo. Kuwedzera kuhove dzinodya dzimwe mhuka, shiri dzakadai semagull dzinodyawo stickleback.

Ko mboro yakanamatira inowanikwepi

Hove iyi inogara dzinenge dzose dzemvura dzeEurope, dzakadai semadziva nenzizi. Mukuwedzera, inowanikwa kwose kwose mumvura yeNorth America.

Panharaunda yeRussia, iyo katatu-spins stickleback inowanikwa munzizi nemakungwa eFar East, uye kunyanya muKamchatka. Iyo stickleback, kunyange isingawanzoitiki, inowanikwa munharaunda yeEurope nzvimbo dzeRussia, kusanganisira muLake Onega uye murwizi rweVolga River.

Iko kukosha kwehupfumi kwe stickleback

Kune vabati vehove, hove iyi injodzi chaiyo, sezvo inomhanya-mhanya nemapoka akapoteredza dziva uye inomhanyira chero chinhu chipi nechipi chawira mumvura. Kufamba mumapoka, kunoita kuti pave neruzha rwakawedzerwa pambiru yemvura panzvimbo yokuraura, izvo zvinovhundutsa dzimwe hove. Mukuwedzera, hove iyi haina kusiyana muhukuru hunogamuchirwa, uye kuvapo kweminzwa kunotyisa vabati vehove vakawanda. MuKamchatka, uko kune stickleback kunowanikwa kwese kwese, vagari veko vanoidaidza chete "khakalch", "khakal" kana "khakhalcha".

Muchokwadi, inoonekwa sehove yesora uye haina kubatwa pachiyero cheindasitiri. Pasinei neizvi, iyo stickleback inoshandiswa mukurapa, kubvisa mafuta emhando yepamusoro kubva mairi, iyo inokurudzira kuporesa maronda, kunyanya mushure mekupisa. Uye zvakare, zvinotenderwa kuwana technical mafuta kubva mairi kuti ishandiswe muindasitiri. Kana rikagadzirwa zvakanaka, zvinokwanisika kuwana fetereza yeminda, pamwe nekugadzira hupfu hwehupfu. Huku zvakare hairambi kudya kunovaka muviri kwakadaro.

Munguva ichangopfuura, uye kunyange munguva yedu, vagari vomunharaunda yeFar East vakabata tsvimbo uye vakashandisa mafuta ayo kugadzira zvimwe zvokudya zvekumba. Zvinoshamisa, asi stickleback mafuta haana kunhuwa, zvichienzaniswa nemamwe mafuta ehove. Mukuwedzera, mafuta ayo anopiwa kuvana kuitira kudzivirira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Kana uchida, iwe unogona kubika nzeve kubva kune stickleback, chete inozove yakanyanyisa bony uye isina kupfuma zvakanyanya, kunze kwekunge iwe ukashandisa vanhu vakuru kana iwe ukakwanisa kuvabata.

Mamwe mahobbyists anoisa stickleback mu aquarium, kunyangwe zvichidikanwa kuve nehukuru hwakakwana hwekuichengeta. Mukuwedzera, nokuda kwekugadzirisa kwayo kubudirira, mamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera anodiwa. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti panguva yekubereka, varume vanoratidza hutsinye hwakanyanya kune vamwe varume, uye nekuda kweizvi iwe unofanirwa kuve nenzvimbo yakawanda yekugara. Pazasi peiyo aquarium inofanira kunge ine chigadziko chejecha, uye kuvhenekesa kunofanirwa kunge kuri padyo neakasikwa. Sezvo mutemo, iyo katatu-spine stickleback haibvumiri chiedza chakajeka.

In mhedziso

Pasinei nokuti hove iyi haisi huru, asi zvakasiyana, uye naizvozvo haisi yezvinonyanya kufarira kune vose vanobata uye zvido zvekutengeserana, zvinogona kubatsira mune ramangwana. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mhando dzehove dzinofarirwa nevaredzi uye indasitiri nekufamba kwenguva dzinogona kungonyangarika nekuda kwekuredza kwakawanda.

Inofarira mafuta ake, ayo asina kunhuhwirira, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vachiziva kunhuwa kwemafuta ehove, kubva kwaanoita pakarepo kusagadzikana. Nokudaro, zviri nani kuishandisa mukurapa, kunyanya sezvo nhasi hapana ruzivo pamusoro pezvokudya zvegungwa izvo zvingave zvisingabatsiri kuvanhu. Sezvo mutemo, mafuta ehove mafuta ane utano anogona kuchenesa mitsipa yeropa.

Hapana zvishoma zvinokwezva zvinogona kunzi sarudzo yekushandisa hunyanzvi mafuta anogadzirwa pahwaro hwemafuta ehove. Uye pano hove yakadaro inoita kunge sora inogona kuita basa rakakosha mukukwira kweindasitiri. Mushure mezvose, haisi chakavanzika kune ani zvake kuti nekuda kwemutengo wemafuta, mitengo yezvakagadzirwa zvayo iri kukura zvakare.