Nguva module muPython 3. Nzira huru, ma templates, mienzaniso

Chinenge chero chirongwa chinoshandisa nguva. MuPython, raibhurari yakaparadzana yakagadzirirwa izvi - nguvainoshandiswa kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zviito nayo. Kuti iite kuti ishande, inofanira kutanga yaziviswa pakutanga kwekodhi. Mutsara uyu unoshandiswa kune izvi:

nguva yekungenisa

Ngatitarisei nzira dzakasiyana dzemashandisiro emodule iyi nemazvo mukudzidzira. 

Kusarudza nhamba yemasekonzi kubva panguva

Kuzadzisa basa iri, pane basa nguva() izvo hazvitore paramita. Iko kukosha kwayo kwekudzoka ndeyekuti masekonzi mangani apfuura kubva muna Ndira 1, 1970. MuPython, iyi nguva inonzi kutanga kwenguva. Zvirinani mumasystem anoshanda emhuri yeUnix.

Kana iri Windows, zuva rakafanana, asi panogona kunge paine matambudziko nehunhu husina kunaka hwaive pamberi pezuva rino. 

Nguva yenguva inoshandiswa iUTC.

nguva yekungenisa

masekondi = time.time()

dhinda ("Masekonzi kubva epoch =", masekonzi)

Kuoma kwebasa iri nderekuti hariratidzi zuva chairo, asi nhamba yemasekonzi chete. Kuti ushandure kufomati inozivikanwa nemunhu wese, unofanirwa kushandisa ruzivo rwechokwadi. Nokuda kweizvi, basa rinoshandiswa time.ctime().

Kudzosa zuva, nguva mune yakajairika fomati

Kudzosa nguva muchimiro chenguva dzose, pane nzira time.ctime(). Mabhuraketi anoratidza shanduko kana nhamba inoratidza nhamba yemasekonzi apfuura kubva pakatanga nguva. Iyi nzira inodzosa ese zuva uye nguva maitiro, kusanganisira zuva, gore, nhamba yemaawa, maminetsi, masekonzi, uye zuva revhiki.

Iri basa rinogonawo kushandiswa pasina nharo. Muchiitiko ichi, inodzorera zuva razvino, nguva, nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Heino kodhi snippet inoratidza izvi.

nguva yekungenisa

dhinda(nguva.ctime())

Tue Oct 23 10:18:23 2018

Mutsetse wekupedzisira ndiwo unodhindwa kune koni uko muturikiri wePython ari kushanda. Iyo nzira inogadzirisa otomatiki nhamba yakagamuchirwa yemasekonzi kuita mushandisi-anoziva fomu. Ichokwadi, zvinhu zvose zvinotsanangurwa pamusoro apa hazviwanzoshandiswa. Sezvo mutemo, iwe unofanirwa kuwana chero nguva chete, kana zuva ranhasi chete. Kune izvi, basa rakasiyana rinoshandiswa - strftime (). Asi tisati tazvifunga, tinofanira kupatsanura kirasi time.struct_time.

nguva yekirasi.struct_time

Iri iboka renharo dzinogona kutambirwa nemhando dzemitoo. Haina chero sarudzo. Iyo tuple ine zita rine zita. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinhu zvekirasi iyi zvinogona kuwanikwa zvese nemazita uye nenhamba yenhamba.

Inosanganisira maitiro anotevera.

Attention! Kusiyana nemimwe mitauro yakawanda yepurogiramu, pano mwedzi unogona kubva pa1 kusvika ku12, uye kwete kubva pazero kusvika ku11.

Kudzosa Yakananga Format

Kushandisa basa nguva () unogona kuwana gore, mwedzi, zuva, awa, maminetsi, masekondi ega uye wodzosera iwo kune tambo yemavara. Zvadaro inogona kudhindwa kumushandisi uchishandisa basa racho dhinda () kana neimwe nzira yakagadziriswa.

Senharo, basa rinogona kutora chero shanduko inotora kukosha kwakadzoserwa nemamwe mabasa eiyi module. Semuenzaniso, unogona kuendesa nguva yeko kwairi (ichakurukurwa gare gare), kubva kwairi kuburitsa iyo inodiwa data.

Heino kodhi snippet kwatinozviita.

nguva yekungenisa

zita_tuple = time.localtime() # get struct_time

time_string = time.strftime(«%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S», inonzi_tuple)

dhinda(time_string)

Kana iwe uchimhanyisa kodhi iyi, zuva razvino uye nguva zvicharatidzwa. Maumbirwo uye kutevedzana kwezvinhu zvinogona kuchinjwa. Izvo zvinotevera:

1. %Y igore.
2. %m mwedzi.
3. %d - zuva.
4. % H - nguva.
5. %M - maminetsi.
6. %S - yechipiri.

Saizvozvo, iwe unogona kuzviita kuitira kuti kuburitsa kuve kwemwedzi uye zuva chete. Kuti uite izvi, iwe haungodi kupa murairo kuratidza gore. Kureva kuti, nyora mufomati iri pamusoro senharo %m/%d, uye ndizvozvo. Kana kuti, %d/%m. 

Kutaura zvazviri, nhamba yetambo literals yakakura zvikuru. Heino tafura iyo inotsanangurwa zvakadzama.

Misa tambo kune imwe nhamba yemasekonzi

Nokuda kweizvi, basa rinoshandiswa kurara (). Chikamu chakakura kwazvo chemabasa ekugadzira chinosanganiswa nekufamba kwenguva. Dzimwe nguva unofanira kumbosendeka danho rinotevera pane imwe nguva. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchida kupindirana nedhatabhesi inotora imwe nguva yenguva kugadzirisa.

Senharo, iyo nzira inoshandisa kukosha inoratidza nhamba yemasekonzi kunonoka nhanho inotevera kubva kune algorithm.

Semuenzaniso, mune iyi snippet, kunonoka ndeye gumi masekonzi.

nguva yekungenisa

kumbomira = 10

dhinda ("Chirongwa chakatanga ...»)

nguva.kurara(kumbomira)

dhinda(str(kumbomira) + »masekonzi apfuura.»)

Somugumisiro, tichawana izvi:

Chirongwa chakatanga…

10 seconds akapfuura.

Sezvatinoona kubva pane zvakabuda, chirongwa chinotanga chataura kuti chatanga. Uye mushure memasekonzi gumi, akanyora kuti nguva iyi yakanga yapfuura.

Basa racho rinokutendera kuti utaure nguva yekumbomira mumamilliseconds. Kuti tiite izvi, tinoshandisa mafractional values ​​eiyo basa nharo kurara. Somuenzaniso, 0,1. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kunonoka kuchave 100 milliseconds.

Wana nguva yemuno

Uchishandisa iyo yemuno () basa, chirongwa chinowana huwandu hwemasekondi kubva pakatanga epoch mune yakatarwa nguva zone. 

Ngatipei muenzaniso kodhi yekujekesa.

nguva yekungenisa

mhedzisiro = nguva.localtime(1575721830)

dhinda("mhedzisiro:", mhedzisiro)

dhinda(«nгод:», result.tm_year)

dhinda(«tm_hour:», result.tm_hour)

Dzorera struct_time muUTC zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemasekonzi kubvira epoch

Basa iri rinowanikwa uchishandisa time.gmtime(). nzira. Zvichajeka kana tikapa muenzaniso.

nguva yekungenisa

mhedzisiro = time.gmtime(1575721830)

dhinda("mhedzisiro:", mhedzisiro)

dhinda(«nгод:», result.tm_year)

dhinda(«tm_hour:», result.tm_hour)

Kana iwe ukabatidza iyi kutevedzana kwezviito, ipapo seti yezvinhu zvine chekuita nenguva, gore uye nzvimbo yenguva icharatidzwa.

Dzosa nhamba yemasekonzi kubva pakatanga epoch neshanduko otomatiki kuenda kunguva yemuno

Kana iwe wakatarisana nebasa rakadaro, rinoshandiswa uchishandisa nzira mktime(), inotora struct_time. Pashure pacho, inoita reverse chiito chebasa racho localtime(). Ndiko kuti, inoshandura nguva inoenderana nenzvimbo yenguva yenzvimbo kuita nhamba yemasekonzi apfuura kubva pakatanga epoch, yakagadziridzwa kunguva yenguva.

Iyo mktime() uye localtime() mabasa akanyatsopindirana. Iyi kodhi snippet inoratidza zvakajeka izvi. Ngatitarisei kuti tinzwisise zvakadzama kuti inoshanda sei. 

nguva yekungenisa

masekondi = 1575721830

# inodzosa struct_time

t = nguva.localtime(masekondi)

dhinda(«t1: «, t)

# inodzosa masekonzi kubva struct_time

s = nguva.mktime(t)

dhinda(«ns:», masekonzi)

Tinoona kuti kuchinja masekondi yakapihwa 1575721830 masekondi kubva panguva. Chekutanga, chirongwa chinowana zuva chairo, nguva uye mamwe ma parameter, zvichibva paukoshi uhwu, zviise mukusiyana. t, uye wozoshandura zviri mukati maro kuita shanduko s.

Mushure meizvozvo inorova mutsara mutsva uye inoratidza huwandu hwemasekondi mune console. Iwe unogona kutarisa kuti ichava nhamba imwechete iyo yakagoverwa kune masekonzi akasiyana.

Zuva rekubuda kubva kunhamba 9 dzinoreva struct_time

Ngatitii tine nhamba 9 dzinomiririra gore, mwedzi, zuva, zuva revhiki uye nhamba yezvimwe zvinokosha, uye tinoda kuzvibatanidza kuita tambo imwe. Nokuda kweizvi, basa rinoshandiswa nguva (). Anobvuma kana kugadzirira struct_time, kana chero imwe tuple ye9 tsika inomiririra zvakafanana. Mushure meizvozvo, tambo inodzoserwa, inova zuva, nguva, uye nhamba yemamwe ma parameter. 

Zviri nyore kushandisa nzira iyi kuti uunze data rakasiyana-siyana rakatsanangurwa nemushandisi mune imwechete vheji..

Semuenzaniso, inogona kunge iri chirongwa apo mushandisi anotsanangura zvakasiyana zuva, mwedzi, gore, zuva revhiki, uye imwe data ine chekuita nekunyoreswa kwechiitiko. Mushure meizvozvo, ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa rwunopinzwa mudhatabhesi uye rozopihwa kune mumwe munhu anorikumbira.

Kuwana nguva uye zuva zvichibva paPython tambo

Ngatitii mushandisi ataura data rakasiyana, uye isu tinoda kuabatanidza mumutsara mumwechete mufomati iyo munhu apinda, tobva taita kopi kune imwe shanduko, uye toivaka zvakare muyakajairwa fomati ipapo. Nokuda kweizvi, basa rinoshandiswa time.strtime().

Zvinotora shanduko umo kukosha uku kwatsanangurwa, uye kunodzosera iyo yagara yakajairika kwatiri struct_time.

Nokuda kwekujekesa, tichanyora purogiramu yakadaro.

nguva yekungenisa

time_string = «15 June, 2019»

mhedzisiro = time.strptime(time_string, «%d %B, %Y»)

dhinda(mhedzisiro)

Fungidzira kuti chinobuda chii? Edza kufungidzira usingatarise pazasi. Uye wozotarisa mhinduro.

time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=6, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=166, tm_isdst=-1)

Mushoko, kushanda nemazuva uye nguva muPython hakuna kuoma zvachose. Zvakakwana kutevera mirairo iyi, uye zvose zvichashanda. Kushandisa Library nguva mushandisi anowana huwandu hukuru hwemikana yekushanda nenguva, senge:

1. Kumisa chirongwa chekuita kwenguva yakatarwa.
2. Ratidza nguva yapfuura kubva panguva, mumasekonzi. Ruzivo urwu runogona kushandiswa kupfupisa nguva kana kuita mamwe masvomhu pairi.
3. Shandura kufomati yakanakira. Uyezve, mugadziri wacho anogona kuseta kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvicharatidzwa uye mukutevedzana kupi. 

Kune zvakare akati wandei mamwe maitiro, asi nhasi isu taongorora iwo akanyanya kukosha. Vachauya vachibatsira munenge chero chirongwa chinoshanda neimwe nguva. Rombo rakanaka.