Mukati
Tsika dzekuMabvazuva muzvivakwa zvinokwezva vanyaidzi vanobva kumativi ese epasi nemaitiro avo uye mavara. MuIslam, mifananidzo yevasande uye chero zvipenyu zvipenyu hazvigamuchirwe, saka mapatani akaomarara uye makotesheni kubva kuKorani anoshandiswa mumidhindwa nemifananidzo. Kunyange zvazvo pane zvisizvo. Semuenzaniso, maShiite anoshandisa mifananidzo yaAli, hama yaImam Mohammed wekutanga, mumifananidzo yavo.
Hongu, uye mamwe manyoro akaburuka kwatiri kubva kare ane mifananidzo yevatsvene vechiMuslim vaporofita nemhuka. Zvisinei nekupokana uku, mamosque akanaka chaizvo, asina kujairika, anonhuwirira nhoroondo uye ngano kubva "1000 uye 1 Nights". Zvivakwa zvakawanda zvechitendero zvinosanganisirwa mudura rezvivakwa zvepasirese uye zvivakwa, zvinoshanyirwa nemamiriyoni evashanyi gore rega rega. Mamosque akanakisa uye anozivikanwa achakurukurwa pazasi.
10 Sultanahmet Mosque
Turkey inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuda kwezvivakwa zvayo zvekuvaka, uye hazvisi izvo. sultanahmet mosque kana Blue Mosque. Iro zita rinotova neruvara rwakanyanya mukushongedza kwemamosque, yaishandiswa kubva kare.
Iyo mosque inoonekwa seyakanyanya kukwezva yeIstanbul uye imwe yeakanyanya kukosha kune maMuslim pasirese. Iyo yekuvaka yakaoma inowanikwa zviri nyore pamahombekombe eGungwa reMarmara, padyo pane isinganyanyozivikanwa inokwezva - iyo Hagia Sophia Museum. Mukutanga kwema1600, Turkey yakarwa neIran neAustria, uye semugumisiro wemushandirapamwe, chibvumirano cherunyararo chinonyadzisa chakaiswa kune veTurkey. Kuti ndifadze Allah, Sultan Ahmed aitonga panguva iyoyo ndakavaka Sultanahmet Mosque. Mukutaura kwekuvaka, zvikoro zveByzantine uye zvekare zveOttoman zvinoshandiswa pano.
Chinhu chinonakidza: sultan akarayira vavaki kuvaka 4 minarets - mhinduro yekare yenguva idzodzo. Netsaona inoshamisa, 6 minarets yakavakwa uye hapana akatomborangwa nekuda kwerunako rwavo nehukuru. Iyo mosque yakavakwa nematombo uye marble, uye anopfuura makumi maviri machena uye ebhuruu mataira akaiswa pano - saka zita rechinhu.
9. Mosque yeBadshahi
Iyo mosque iri muPakistani Lahore uye inoonekwa seyechipiri pakukura uye pakukura munyika. Mukuwedzera, kune vaMuslim pasi rose, mosque iyi ndeyechishanu muhutsvene uye kukosha, yakavakwa muna 1673 nemutongi wekupedzisira weMughal dzinza, Emperor Aurangzeba.
Kugona kweiyi mosque yehumambo inodarika vatendi makumi mashanu neshanu. Iyo yekuvaka ensemble ine nzvimbo mbiri - chivakwa chemosque pachayo uye inoshamisa nzvimbo yemukati, ine maberere ekare. Chivako chacho chakanga chakavakwa nematombo matsvuku, ane marabhasta anoyevedza akashandiswa mukushongedza madziro. Hurefu hwemusuwo mukuru wakavharidzirwa Badshahi mosques inenge isingasviki 17 metres.
Chivanze chikuru pamazuva akajairika chinofadza ziso nematombo ejecha akagadzirwa zvakanaka uye chena marble epakati pedziva, uye pamazororo echitendero akafukidzwa nemakapeti eshinda anodhura. Vagadziri vekare vakasarudza mhinduro yemamita masere, kureba kweiyo yakakura kupfuura 60 metres. Anosvika mazana matanhatu emarupees akashandiswa pakuvaka - mari inoshamisa nemaitiro anhasi. Uye kuchengetedzwa kwemusikiti kwakatora mari yese yemutero yemukuru.
8. Kul-Sharif Mosque
Russia zvakare inozvirumbidza nehukuru hwechitendero ensembles, semuenzaniso, mosque Kul-Sharif, yakavakwa muna 2005 chete munharaunda yeKazan Kremlin muguta guru reTatarstan. Pasinei nezera rayo duku, vashanyi vanobva kumativi ose enyika, kusanganisira Dubai, vanouya kuzoona kunaka kwemusikiti. Mushure mekukundwa kweKazan Khanate, Tsar weRussia Ivan the Terrible akaraira kuparadzwa kwemusikiti mukuru, uye chechi yeOrthodox, Cathedral of the Annunciation, yakaiswa muKazan Kremlin.
Kusvikira Empress Catherine II, Islam yakarambidzwa muzvikamu izvi, asi mutongi akachenjera akasaina Mutemo wake "Pakushivirira Kwezvitendero Zvose", vaTatars vakawana mukana wekuvaka misikiti uye kunyengetera mairi. Mukutenda, vagari vemo vechiMuslim vakatumidza zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Catherine II "Mbuya-Mambokadzi".
Iyo Kul-Sharif Mosque inosanganisa maviri makuru echitendero mafambiro edunhu, 4 minarets, 60 metres kureba, nekukurumidza kubata ziso rako. Iyo dome yemusikiti inogadzirwa nenzira yechinyakare "Kazan hat", pasi yakafukidzwa neanodhura Iran kapeti, uye 2-ton chandelier yakagadzirwa muCzech Republic. Mukati memubatanidzwa mune inozivikanwa pasi rose Museum yeIslam Tsika.
7. Hussein Mosque
Imwe yemamosque ekare akasvika kunguva yedu iri muguta guru reEgypt - Cairo uye yave ichizivikanwa kubva pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Chinhu chinoremekedzwa nevaMuslim vanozvipira kubva kumativi ese enyika, asi vashanyi vanewo chimwe chinhu chekuyemura pano. Mhemberero dzakatsaurirwa kuzuva rekuzvarwa kweMuporofita rinoitwa gore negore munzvimbo yetemberi. Nekuungana kukuru kwevafambi, nzvimbo yemukati Hussein mosque yakafukidzwa nemimeti, uye panguva dzakajairika vana vakawanda vanotamba pano, vashumiri havatomborambidzi kurara. Uye zvakare, iyo yemukati sikweya inotambira gore negore mitambo yemitambo inoudza muoni nezvehondo yekupedzisira yaHussein.
Masvingo ezvakaoma ane ruvara rutsvuku; mapatani akavezwa pamatombo uye niches yakanaka yakashandiswa muhuwandu pano. Zvitoro zvechinyakare zvekumabvazuva zviri pedyo nemadziro etemberi, zvichipa zviyeuchidzo zvine mavara zvisingadhuri kuvashanyi.
6. Mosque yeTurkmenbashi Rukhy
Turkmenistan inyika yechiMuslim, asi nechisimbiso chenyika, kunyange nyama yenguruve haina kurambidzwa pano, asi nyama yebhiza haigone kutengwa zviri pamutemo. Parizvino kune mamosque mashanu chete munyika, ane huwandu hwevanhu 5 miriyoni.
Mosque yeTurkmenbashi Rukhy Yakavakwa muna 2004, ndiyo mosque yakakura kwazvo ine dome rimwe chete, uye yakavakwa nevagadziri veFrance pakukoka kwaaive Mutungamiriri wenyika panguva iyoyo Saparmurat Niyazov. Mausoleum yakavakwawo pano, umo mukuru wehurumende akazorora muna 2006.
Iyo yakaoma inovakwa nechena marble, dome uye pamusoro peminarets ndeyegoridhe. Nzira dzendege dzakavakwa nenzira yekuti kana ichimhara, kubva pamahwindo endege, maonero makuru emusikiti anovhura kubva kumusoro. Iyo ensemble inoita senge octagon, kune mikova masere, zvichiteerana. Kureba kwechivako chemusikiti ndeye 55 mamita, 40 minarets inokwira mamita mana pamusoro payo. Pamusuwo mukuru, vashanyi vanogamuchirwa nemapopoma emvura anoyevedza anoyerera uye mugero wegranite. Magonhi akagadzirwa neanodhura Moroccan walnut, akavezwa sere-anonongedza nyeredzi dziri kwese kwese.
5. Hassan II Mosque
Mambo weMoroccan Hassan II akasarudza kusiya ndangariro kwemazana emakore uye akarayira kuisa mosque yakaisvonaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, aisada kushandisa mari yeruzhinji uye akamanikidza vagari vese vemunyika kuti vapinde mubhangi renguruve. Maererano nemimwe mishumo, maMoroccans akaunganidza zvinosvika mamiriyoni mazana mashanu emadhora mumashoko emazuva ano - mari inoshamisa yemakore iwayo. Mukudzoka, zvitupa zvehumambo zvakapihwa, izvo vanhu vanozvikudza vachiri kuratidza.
Kuvakwa kwetemberi yakaoma iri pamhenderekedzo yeAtlantic Ocean, madziro uye zvivakwa mamosque eHassan II yakagadzirwa nematombo machena. Vagadziri vakavaka makoramu maviri panzvimbo iyi, uye marambi gumi nemaviri makuru akaunzwa kubva kuVenice.
Iyo "inoshandisika" nzvimbo yemusikiti inoshamisa - vanopfuura vatendi vechechi vanogona kugariswa pano panguva imwe chete, asi hakuna kumbove nenhamba yevatendi. Pauriri muhoro yekunamatira mune dzimwe nzvimbo ine svutugadzike inopinza: pasi payo inopwanya gungwa risingaperi. Iyo yakaoma inoonekwa seyechipiri yakakura mosque, asi nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero haina kufarirwa. Iyo minarets inosvika kureba kwemamita 100; ichi chivakwa chechokwadi.
4. Shah Mosque
Iyo yekuvaka yakaoma iri 350 makiromita kubva kuguta guru reIran - Tehran, muguta reIsfahan. Muna 1387, guta raizivikanwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi, asi rakatambura kuguma kwekukundwa neuto reTamerlane guru. Iyi yakanga iri nguva ye "kupondwa kukuru", ichitevera migumisiro inosuruvarisa iyo, mauto eTimur akavaka chikomo che 70 dehenya revanhu. Asi Isfahan yakakwanisa kupora uye kumutsidzira, uye kunyange kuva guta guru reIran.
Pakazosvika 1600, kuvakwa kukuru kwakatanga munzvimbo idzi, guta rakasimuka kubva mumadota uye rakava nzvimbo inokosha yezvokutengeserana uye yehurumende yenyika. Iye zvino vanhu vane mamiriyoni e1,5 vanogara pano, uye tsika yemakapeti ePersia anozivikanwa pasi rose akachengetedzwa pano.
Shah Mosque inoratidza tsika dzemuno dzeIran mukuvaka kwekupedzisira kwenzvimbo dzepakati dzekunamatira. Nharaunda yetemberi yakaoma inodarika 20 m², kureba kwechivako chemusikiti ndeye 000 mamita, minarets - 52 mamita. Mukati metemberi, vashanyi vanogona kunakidzwa nokunaka kunoshamisa kwepurupiti yokuverenga Koran, marble mihrab yokunamatira. Iyo echo mukati me mosque yakasarudzika: inoratidzwa ka42, zvisinei nenzvimbo iyo ruzha rwakabva.
3. Zahir Mosque
Imwe yemamosque akakosha uye anoremekedzwa muMalaysia, yakavakwa muna 1912. Iyo temberi yakaoma zvakare imwe ye10 yakanakisa uye yakanakisa misikiti munyika, uye nzvimbo iyo ensemble yakavakwa ine kukosha kwechitendero kune maMalaysian: ikoko. rakanga riri guva revarwi vakafa muna 1821 panguva yekurwisana neSiam, iyo yakapinda munzvimbo idzi.
Chimiro chekuvaka che mosque chakangofanana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzese dzeMuslim. Vanopfuura vatendi vashanu vanogona kugara panguva imwe chete muimba yekunamatira yetemberi, pakarepo kuseri kwechivako chayo kune chivakwa chedare reSharia uye nekireshi. Madhomu mashanu emusikiti anomiririra mbiru shanu dzekutenda netsika dzechiIslam. Makwikwi ekudzokorora kweKorani anoitwa pano. Iyo Republic of Kazakhstan yakatopa jubheri nemari yegoridhe yakatsaurirwa Zahir Mosque.
2. Mosque yeSidi Uqba
Iyi temberi yakaoma inoonekwa seyo mosque yekare muAfrica, iri makiromita makumi matanhatu kubva kuguta guru reTunisia - guta rine zita rimwe chete. Mosque yeSidi Uqba Zvave zvichizivikanwa kubvira 670, maererano nengano, Allah pachake akaratidza nzvimbo yekuvakwa kwetemberi, uye mukuru wepanguva iyoyo, Okba ibn Nafa, akakwanisa kuisa mosque mudombo.
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yakaoma ingangoita 9 m², ndiyo yechina inonyanya kukosha mosque. Iyi inzvimbo yechokwadi yechitendero uye yekunamatira, yese yakazadzwa nemweya wenhoroondo, East neAfrica. Kune 000 mbiru yekare padivi pechivanze, uye ese ane chimiro chakasiyana uye chishongo. Chinhu ndechekuti ivo havana kusikirwa kuvakwa chaiko kwemusikiti, asi vakaunzwa kubva kumaguta akasiiwa eHumambo hweRoma, iyo yakaparadzwa munharaunda yeTunisia.
Zvigadzirwa zvakakosha matongo ekare akaunzwa kubva kuCarthage yakakurumbira. Iyo minaret inosvika kureba kwemamita makumi matatu uye, maererano nengano, iyi ndiyo mosque yekutanga yakashandiswa chinhu ichi. Puripiti yemapuranga yekuverenga Korani yakachengetedzwa zvakakwana, uye yatove nemakore angangoita 30.
1. Zayed Mosque
Iyi mosque inonzi "White Wonder of the East" uye yakavakwa muna 2007 nemutengo we700 miriyoni euros. Iyo shrine yakavakwa mukukudza munhu chaiye, pasina iyo nyika yakadai seSaudi Arabia ingadai isina kuitika. Sheikh Zayed ibn Sultan Al Nahyan anoonekwa seanoremekedzwa zvikuru munyika, panguva yekutonga kwake akabatanidza madzinza eSaudi akaparadzana uye akagadzira imwe yenyika dzakapfuma uye dzakabudirira.
Maitiro ekuvaka e mosque ndiyo yakanakisa nhoroondo nzira dzechiMuslim dhizaini uye tekinoroji yemazuva ano. Magiredhi akanakisa emarble akaunzwa kubva kuChina neItari, makapeti akagadzirwa neanonyanya kuzivikanwa mhizha dzeIran nemaoko (1 vanhu vakashanda). Greece neIndia zvakava vatengesi vegirazi rakanakisa, Swarovski matombo ekushongedza akagadzirwa muAustria nemaoko akanakisa einjiniya eAmerica. Chandeliers akanyatsogadzirwa uye akaunganidzwa muGermany, uye uremu hwepakati matani mazana maviri. Zayed Mosque ndiyo hombe yetembere yeMuslim, uye yakanyanya kushamisira - zvese zviri pano zvinofungidzirwa uye zvinogadzirwa kubva kune zvinodhura zvinhu.