Transgender mwana: nzira yekutsigira sevabereki?

Chidzidzo chetaboo makore mashoma apfuura, kucherechedzwa kwevana vetransgender kuri kuwedzera kushambadzirwa. Izvi hazvirevi kuti kusagadzikana uku kunogamuchirwa nyore nyore munzanga dzedu uye kufungira kana chiziviso chekufamba kwemwana kunowanzova kuputika kwemhuri yose. Zvamazvirokwazvo zvakaoma kuzviisa umene sa vabereki, vachinetseka nezveramangwana uye matambudziko achasangana nemwana, kuwana mashoko akakodzera, mafungiro akanaka kana kuti kungoziva chaizvo chinonzi transidentity. Chirevo cha2009 kubva kuHaute Autorité de santé inofungidzira kuti zvakatenderedza mumwe mugumi kana mumwe mu10 ndiye transgender muFrance.

Tsanangudzo: trans, transgender, transexual, gender dysphoria, non-binary… Ndeapi mazwi anonyanya kukodzera?

Nepo chidimbu che "trans" chichishandiswa zvakanyanya munhau, masangano uye nharaunda dzine hanya, pane zvisiri izvo muFrench maererano nemazwi "transgender" uye "transexual". Chokwadi, kana vamwe vachivaona vakafanana, vamwe vanotsanangura izwi rekuti "transgender" se kutora mararamiro (chitarisiko, zvisazita, etc.) zvemumwe murume kana mukadzi pasina kushandura gender., nepo "transexual" yaizongobata vanhu vakaita chirongwa chekurapa nekuvhiya kuti vachinje bonde ravo.

Ngwarira, masangano mazhinji anoshora chokwadi chekuti "transexual" kana "transsexual" inoreva pfungwa yehurwere - izvo zvisiri izvo nekutapukira kusingagone "kuporeswa", uye kuti ndizvozvo. izwi rakanyorwa risingachafanirwe kushandiswa, richifarira transgender.

Zvakanakisisa chero zvakadaro kubvunza mwana wako kuti ndeapi mazwi aanoda kushandisa, sezvaanoda his / her pronouns (iye / iye / iel /…).

Munguva yenguva dzose, mwana wako achaona chiremba wepfungwa uyo anogona kupupura kune a dysphoria. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvechokwadi pane kusagadzikana pakati pepabonde uye murume wake, iyo yaakapiwa kwaari pakuzvarwa maererano nekuumbwa kwake kwemaitiro.

Uyezve, izwi rokuti isiri-bhinary inomuka kubva pakusanzwa kuve weimwe yemhando mbiri dzakasimbiswa, kana kuti kunzwa zvishoma, munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Mazwi echiRungu anowanzo shandiswa nenharaunda dzine chekuita navo kuzvitsanangura se” gender-fluid”, “no-gender”, “a gender” kana “variant gender”.

Transgender vana: pazera ripi vanoziva "kusiyana" kwavo?

MunaSeptember 2013, kuArgentina, vabereki vakabvumirwa kuchinja hutano hwemwana wavo ane makore matanhatu pamagwaro avo. Zita rake rokutanga, Manuel, rakatsiviwa naLuana. Amai vake vakatsanangura kuti “Lulu” aigaronzwa somusikana. Mwedzi mishomanana izvi zvisati zvaitika, vabereki vaCoy Mathis, muAmerica muduku wezera rimwe chetero, vakanga varova misoro yenhau. Mushure mekuita akapa chichemo cherusarura, vainge vakunda nyaya yavo yekuchikoro kwavo. Mwana airambidzwa kushandisa zvimbuzi zvevasikana kunyangwe aizviti mukadzi. Sekureva kwehama dzake, Coy angadai akatanga kuita semusikana aine mwedzi gumi nemasere. Vanachiremba vepfungwa vane akaonekwa aine gender dysphoria paaiva nemakore mana.

Kubva pazera ripi ratinogona kufunga kana kuzivisa kuti mwana ari transgender pasi pemamiriro aya? Sekureva kwaProfessor Marcel Rufo, hapana muganhu wezera. « Ini ndakatevera zvekurapa mukadzi transgender kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri. Iye zvino akachinja uye akaroorwa “. Chiremba wepfungwa dzemwana anotsanangura kuti “ kubva pamakore 4-5-6, tinogona kuona kusagadzikana uku mumwana “. Mushumo weCouncil of Europe wakabudiswa muna 2013 unotaura kuti kunzwa uri munhukadzi kana kuti munhurume kunogona kuitika chero nguva: panguva yokuyaruka, “ makore ekutanga ehupenyu “, Kana kunyange gore risati rasvika, “Kana mwana asina kukwanisa kuzvitaura kune avo vakamupoteredza ".

« Kusiyana nezvinotendwa nevakawanda, pfungwa yechikadzi haina kugadzwa kubva pakuzvarwa, anodaro Purofesa Rufo. Muma1970, vaongorori vekuAmerica vakaita zvidzidzo muCalifornian nurseries. Vakabva vaona kuti vasikana vadiki vaikwanisa kuziva kuti ndevapi vakomana. Kubva pamwedzi 18, vanotora maitiro emhando yevakadzi : mumutambo, nzira yekuchengeta mwana wavo… vanotevedzera vanaamai vavo. Kudivi ravo, vakomana vanobva vaziva nezvevakadzi vavo pamakore makumi maviri. Ehe, maitiro aya akapinzwa nesarudzo yezita rekutanga, maitiro evabereki, magariro makodhi ... »

Transgender mwana: masangano anotitsigira mushure mekuzivisa kana "kubuda" kwemwana wedu

« Dzimwe nguva vabereki vanonetseka kuti vangatengera mwana mukomana kana mota dzematoyi kumusikana. Uku kupusa zvachose! Izvozvo hazvikonzeri maonero evanhukadzi kuti mwana anogona kuva oga », Inosimbisa mwana chiremba wepfungwa, uyo anoyeuka kuti mukufamba kwenguva, iri pamusoro pemibvunzo yose ye biology uye mahomoni ari pangozi.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvino zvinogona kutungamirira vabereki? Maererano nenyanzvi, i set of parameters uye zviri nani kusataura nezvechiratidzo chimwe chete, chinogona kurasisa. Kunyanya sezvo pasina chakanyatsogadziriswa mwana asati ataura kuti ari transgender: " Mwana anoita seanoda kuva wechikadzi chakasiyana haangarevi hako kuti ari kuyaruka kana kuti munhu mukuru anochinja. "Anoti.

Nyanzvi dzakadudzwa mumushumo weCouncil of Europe dzinogovana pfungwa iyi. Nekune rimwe divi, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakatora chikamu mukuvandudzwa kwechidzidzo ichi vanosimbirira pane zvinodiwa zvevana izvo vabereki vanodzidza "kushivirira" kusava nechokwadi uku.

Cherechedzo: Musikana akachinja hunhu musikana anonzi murume pakuzvarwa asi ane maonero ekuzvibata ari emusikana - uye zvichipesana nevakomana vanochinja hunhu. 

Sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu aya asiri nyore kugadzirisa pasina kutanga aziviswa uye kudzidziswa sevabereki, zvinokwanisika nhasi kutendeukira kushamwari dzakawanda, zvakare kune kutungamira boka. Mazwi anoshamisa, basa repfungwa uye rekutonga ...OUTrans mubatanidzwa inopa, semuenzaniso, mapoka ekutsigira akasanganiswa mudunhu reParis, pamwe neChrysalis kusangana, yakavakirwa muLyon, iyo yakagadzirawo a gwara kune vadikani ye trans people inowanikwa online mahara. Mumwe muenzaniso, theKukura Trans association, muTours, yakatumirwa “bhuku rekushandisa revabereki»Zvakakwana uye zvinodzidzisa.

Transgender musikana mudiki kana mukomana: kukosha kwekugamuchira sarudzo yako

Zvichiri zvisinganzwisisike zvakanyanya, vana ve transgender vakawanda vanyajambwa vokunetswa kuchikoro uye kubatwa chibharo. Vanowanzovawo nepfungwa dzokuda kuzviuraya. Ndosaka, maererano nemushumo weCouncil of Europe, zvakadaro zvakakosha kuti vatsigiri, vabereki, chikoro, vashandi vanoyamwisa, vabvume maonero anoita pwere idzi pamusoro pavo. Erik Schneider, chiremba wepfungwa uye psychotherapist munyori wemushumo, anopedzisa ongororo yake nekusimbisa kuti kugamuchirwa uku kunofanira kuitwa ” padanho rose revanhu ".

Asi, sekutaura kunoita Marcel Rufo, nzanga yazvino haibvumiri zvachose: “ Dai tairarama munyika yakanaka, inoshivirira zvakanyanya, vabereki vaizogamuchira zviri nyore sarudzo yemwana wavo, zvakare nekuti. vaizotya zvishoma nokuda kwekuchengeteka kwake. Asi kutaura zvazviri, muFrance, munhu anochinjika haawanzovhiyiwa asati asvika zera reruzhinji. Kwemakore achatambura kusashivirira kwakasimba. Ndinotenda kuti munhu anogona kuremekedza kusarudzwa kwemwana wake achimukumbira kuti aremekedze kusanzwisisa kunokonzerwa nesarudzo yake. “, Tinovimba nyanzvi.

Kutevera kwepfungwa: sei kutsanangura kuti kune vakomana vakawanda kupfuura vasikana?

Vana havawanzotauri manzwiro avo, kazhinji havaonekwi. Rimwe dambudziko: vabereki vanowanzoramba kubvuma mamiriro ezvinhu aya uye saka vanozengurira bvunza chiremba wepfungwa kuti vatsigire mwana wavo zvakanakisisa mumamiriro ekurwara. Nekudaro, sekutaura kunoita Purofesa Rufo, kuteedzera pfungwa kunokosha, " kwete kuchinja vana asi kuvabatsira kuti vaenderere mberi nerwendo rwavo ".

Anotaurawo kuti pane mukaha wemakore mashoma pakati pevabereki vevasikana nevakomana vanobvunzana nezvekuchinja kwenguva: “ Ndinoona vakomana vadiki vakawanda mukubvunzana. Kutenda kuti hausi murume kana murume akakodzera kungangovepo zvakaenzanirana muvasikana, asi 'tomboy' haina 'kunetsa' kuvabereki pane 'mukomana wechikadzi' kana kuti anoda kuve musikana. . Kuvabereki, iyi mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti sexism ichiri kuwanikwa munharaunda yedu. Vasikana vadiki vandakataura navo vaive vakareba uye vaive nemakore 7-8 pavakatanga kubvunzana ".

Ndeupi rubatsiro rwekurapa panguva yekuchinja kwepabonde?

Kana nhamba yavo ichiri shoma nekuda kwekusanzwisisa kwevabereki kana kuti zvimwe kunyarara kwavanenge vakavharirwa, vana vakawanda vari kubvunza zvipatara zvinonyanya kubatsira mukuchinja. Asi shanduko isati yaitwa, pane matanho akawanda anoda kukundwa nevanhu vakachinja hunhu, kunyanya kana vachinge vachida kuti vazive ivo vachiri vana chete. Kutevera kwepfungwa kuchaita kwemakore akati wandei, zvinosuruvarisa kusanganisira mune dzakawanda zviitiko kufunga kwezvinoperekedza kusagadzikana uku: kusagadzikana kwekudya, kutambura kwekunze kwakabatana semuenzaniso. kudheerera, kuora mwoyo, matambudziko ekubatana kwevanhu, kurega chikoro...

Mimwe mitemo inobvumidza kushandiswa kwe "puberty blockers", nzira inopokana sezvo isingangovharidzi kutaridzika kwehunhu hwechipiri hwepabonde senge kukura kwebvudzi uye kugadziridzwa kwemuviri, asiwo kukura uye calcification yemapfupa. , kubereka… Mune dzimwe nyika, dzakadai seUnited Kingdom, Germany, Belgium neNetherlands, marapirwo aya anogona kudzokororwa uye kumisa kukura kwekuyaruka muvana, vachivapa nguva yekusarudza. MaDutch, ekutanga kupinda muyedzo yerudzi urwu, vanokurudzira vavharidzi ava kubva pazera re10 kana gumi nemaviri, kusvika pazera re12.

MuFrance, kurapwa kwakanyanya ndiko mushonga d'hormone (testosterone kana estrogen), izvo hazvizodyi mari kumunhu ari kuchinja kana rudo rwenguva refu ruchizivikanwa. Zvisinei, hapana kurapwa kwehomoni kunoitwa muFrance isati yasvika makore gumi nematanhatu, uye ipapo mvumo yevamiririri vechiremera chevabereki inodiwa. Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vakuru vanodemba kuti vakashandura murume kana mukadzi, kunyangwe zviverengero zvichiratidza diki mhedzisiro, muhurongwa hwe5%. Ndicho chikonzero nei nzira yacho inoramba ichitariswa uye ichiganhurira vana.

Kodzero: ndingabatsira sei mwana wangu semubereki?

Kutanga, zvinokosha kuyeuka izvozvo chero kutuka - sexist, homophobic kana transphobic, imhosva inorangwa nezvirango zvemhosva. Kutuka kunotaurwa nekutaura, kupopota, kutyisidzira, kunyora kana mufananidzo kunorangwa nefaindi ye12 euros. Kana transphobic character ikachengetwa, chirango chinowedzera kusvika pafaindi ye000 euros uye gore rimwe rekusungwa. Saka usazeza kuisa chichemo kana mwana wedu achinetswa, kunyange kana kuri kwechinguvana achitukwa “chete”.

Zvinokwanisika kukumbira a kuchinjwa kwezita rekutanga kuita mukuru wehurumende uye haasisiri kumutongi, pasina kururamisa shanduko yepabonde kana kupa gwaro repfungwa. Iro zita rinotaurwa pakuzvarwa uye kumutsa mumwe murume kana mukadzi, anozivikanwa se "zita rakafa", harichafanirwa kushandiswa nehutungamiriri, chikoro uye nharaunda yemunhu.

Kuti uzo shandura gender pamapepa ekuzivikanwa, zvakakosha kupa humbowo pamberi pedare redzimhosva remumusha kana kanzuru inochengeterwa gwaro rekuzvarwa kuti munhu wacho anozviratidza pachena sewechikadzi; kuti munhu anozivikanwa semurume kana mukadzi nedenderedzwa rake repauzima uye rehunyanzvi kana rechikoro; kana kuti munhu awana shanduko yezita uye anoshuvira kuti zvitupa zvavo zvienderane.