anobatsira ehupfumi uye zvinopesana, mabhenefiti uye zvinokuvadza kumuviri wevakadzi, varume

Pine nzungu - idzi dzinodyiwa mbeu dzezvirimwa zvePine genus. Mupfungwa yesainzi, haitarisiswe sehozhwa, senzungu, asi sembeu, semuarumondi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mushure mekubvisa nzungu kubva mumapine mapini, ganda radzo rekunze rinofanirawo kusvuurwa usati wadya (sembeu yezuva). Sayenzi, muti wemisidhari unogara kumabvazuva kweAfghanistan, Pakistan uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweIndia. Inokura pakakwirira kubva pa1800 kusvika 3350 metres.

Pine nzungu dzakanakisa chikafu chinodzvinyirira uye dzinobatsira iwe kurasikirwa uremu nekuda kwekubatsira mafuta acids. Izvo zvine hupfumi zvinovaka muviri zvinowedzera simba, nepo mamwe mamineral akakosha akadai semagnesium uye mapuroteni anobatsira kudzivirira kurwisa kwemoyo uye chirwere cheshuga. Iyo antioxidants iri mumbeu idzi inobatsira panguva yepamuviri, inovandudza hutachiona, kuona, uye kugadzirisa mamiriro eganda nebvudzi.

Zvizhinji zvinobatsira

1. Inoderedza huwandu hwe "yakaipa" cholesterol.

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuiswa kwepine nzungu muchikafu kunoderedza huwandu hwe "yakaipa" cholesterol. Necholesterol yakakwira mazinga, pane njodzi yekurwadziwa kwemoyo kana sitiroko. Cholesterol inovaka chikwangwani pamadziro etsinga, nokudaro ichideredza kuyerera kweropa uye ichikonzera atherosclerosis.

Chidzidzo cha2014 chakawana kuderedzwa kukuru kwecholesterol lipids muvakadzi vane metabolic syndrome. Kudzivirira atherosclerosis nezvimwe zvirwere zvemwoyo, sanganisira mapaini nzungu mukudya kwako.

2. Inobatsira kudzora uremu.

Iko kusanganiswa kwevakavaka muviri mupaini nzungu kunobatsira kurwisa kufutisa. Vatsvaguriri vakaona kuti vanhu vanogara vachidya nzungu dzepaini vane huremu hwemuviri hwakaderera uye nemazinga akakwirira ekudzivirira insulin. Pine nzungu dzine mafuta acids anobatsira kudzikisira kudya uye nzara. Iwo mafuta acids mupaini nzungu anoburitsa mahormone anonzi cholecystokinin (CCK), ayo anozivikanwa kudzora chishuwo.

3. Inoderedza BP.

Imwe yemoyo hutano bhenefiti yemipaini nzungu ndiwo avo akakwirira magnesium mazinga. Kusava nemagesium yakakwana mumuviri wako kunogona kukonzera kukwira kweropa uye njodzi yekurohwa. Kuwedzera kweropa kunokonzeresa matambudziko akakomba ehutano, kusanganisira kutadza kwemoyo, aneurysm, kuderera kweitsvo, uye kurasikirwa kwemaonero.

Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza chikafu chinodzora njodzi dzezvirwere zvakanyorwa pamusoro. Monounsaturated mafuta, mavitamini E uye K, magnesium uye manganese vanoumba musanganiswa wekudyidzana kwekudzivirira chirwere chemwoyo. Vitamin K inovandudza kugwamba kweropa uye inodzivirira kubuda kweropa kwakanyanya mushure mekukuvara.

4. Inotsigira bone bone.

Vitamin K inovaka mapfupa zvirinani pane calcium. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti varume nevakadzi vane yakakwira vhitamini K2 inodyiwa vane makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana mukana wepfupa wekutyoka. Imwe ongororo inoratidza kuti vhitamini K inobatsira pakurapa nekudzivirira osteoporosis. Izvo hazvisi chete zvinowedzera bone mineral density asi zvakare zvinoderedza njodzi yekutyoka.

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakanyanya zvevhitamin K kushomeka kushandiswa kwemishonga yemishonga inoderedza cholesterol mwero. Asi kana iwe ukadya paini nzungu, haufanire kutora chero cholesterol-yekudzikisa mishonga, sezvo nzungu pachadzo dzine mhedzisiro iyi.

5. Inoderedza njodzi yekubata mamwe marudzi ekenza.

Pine nati ine magnesium. Kudya kwakakwira mu magnesium kunoderedza njodzi yemamwe marudzi ekenza. Chidzidzo chakaitwa nekutora kwevanopfuura makumi matanhatu nevarume nevakadzi, yakanangana nekudzidza gomarara repancreatic. Masayendisiti akaona kuti kudzikisa kudya kwemagesium nemamirigiramu 67 pazuva kunowedzera mukana wekenza yepancreatic ne000%.

Iyi pateni haigone kuve nekuda kwezvimwe zvinhu, senge zera uye kusiyana kwevakadzi kana muviri mass index. Chimwe chidzidzo chakawana hukama pakati pekusakwana kwemagnesium kudya uye kenza yakajeka. Mumadzimai ekumira kumwedzi, rudzi urwu rwegomarara rwakanyanya. Anokwana magnesium mukudya inoderedza njodzi yekenza yakajeka. Nekudzivirira gomarara, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira mamirigiramu mazana mana emagesium pazuva.

6. Inovandudza hutano hwemaziso.

Pine nzungu dzine lutein, antioxidant carotenoid inozivikanwa se "eye vhitamini". Lutein ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinovaka muviri izvo vanhu vazhinji vasingawane zvakakwana. Sezvo muviri wedu usingakwanise kugadzira lutein iri yega, tinogona kungoiwana kubva kuchikafu. Pakati pe600 carotenoids muviri wedu unogona kushandisa, chete makumi maviri anonatsa maziso. Pakati peaya makumi maviri, maviri chete (lutein uye zeaxanthin) anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza hutano hwemaziso.

Lutein uye zeaxanthin vanobatsira kudzivirira macular degeneration uye glaucoma. Ivo vanorwira emahara radical kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekuratidzwa nezuva uye chikafu chisina hutano. Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vanotova nekumwe kukuvara kune macula vanogona kumisa kumwe kukuvara nekuwedzera zvimwe zvekudya zvine lutein pakudya kwavo. Pine nati chigadzirwa chikuru chekuchengetedza hutano hwemaziso.

7. Inowanzoita hutano hwekuziva.

Chidzidzo cha2015 chakatarisa kukura kwemagesium muvachiri kuyaruka vane kushushikana, kushushikana, uye ADHD. Kutsvagurudza kwakaratidza kuti magnesium inoderedza kutsamwa kwehasha uye kumwe kuratidzwa kwekunze kwakabatana nematambudziko epfungwa.

Zvisinei, shanduko dzakawanikwa kwete chete muvachiri kuyaruka. Chimwe chidzidzo, icho chaisanganisira vanopfuura varume gumi nevakadzi vakuru, chakawanawo hukama pakati pemagnesium uye kushushikana. Nekudya kwakakwana kwemagesium mumuviri, hutano hwemunhu hwekuziva hunovandudzwa.

8. Inowedzera simba.

Zvimwe zvinovaka muviri mupine nzungu, senge monounsaturated mafuta, iron, magnesium, uye protein, zvinogona kubatsira kusimudzira masimba esimba. Kushaya zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana mukudya kwako kunogona kukonzera kuneta.

Pine nzungu dzinobatsirawo kuvaka uye kugadzirisa nyama mumuviri. Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva nekunzwa kwekuneta mushure mekuita kwakasimba muviri kana kudzidziswa. Pine nzungu dzinobatsira muviri kupora nekukurumidza.

9. Inobatsira kudzora chirwere cheshuga.

Kudya paini nzungu zuva rega rega kunogona kubatsira kudzora mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga, sekutsvaga. Pine nzungu zvakare inodzivirira matambudziko anosangana nechirwere (matambudziko ekuona uye njodzi yekurohwa). Varwere vane rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga avo vaidya mapine nzungu zuva rega rega vaive nekunatsiridza mazinga eglucose uye kudzikira kwakaipa cholesterol mwero.

Pine nzungu dzinogona kudzora kwete chete glucose mazinga, asi neropa lipids. Nyora 2 chirwere cheshuga varwere vanoshandisa mapine nzungu kusimudzira kudya kwavo kwemafuta emiriwo uye mapuroteni, zviviri zvakakosha zvigadzirwa.

10. Inowedzera hutachiona.

Iyo manganese uye zinc mupaini nzungu zvinowedzera hutachiona. Nepo manganese ichibatsira kuchengetedza huremu hwemuviri uye hunobatika matishu, zinc inosimudzira hutachiona uye inosimudzira kupora kwemaronda. Zinc zvakare inovandudza mashandiro uye huwandu hweT masero (rudzi rwechena reropa) rinoparadza utachiona hunopinda mumuviri.

11. Inotakura zvinhu zvinopesana nekuzvimba.

Vitamin B2 inobatsira mukugadzirwa kwecorticosteroids (mahormone anoderedza kuzvimba). Pine nzungu dzinobatsira kubvisa kuzvimba, saka dzinogona kubatsira vanhu vane acne, cystitis, cholecystitis uye pyelonephritis.

Kubatsirwa kwevakadzi

12. Inobatsira panguva yekuzvitakura.

Pine nzungu dzakakwira mu fiber, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kubvisa kuzvimbirwa, dambudziko rakajairika panguva yekuzvitakura. Iron uye mapuroteni anotamba akakosha hutano muhutano hwese amai nemwana. Pine nzungu dzine vhitamini C, iyo inobatsira kutora simbi zvakanaka. Fatty acids ichavimbisa kuumbwa kwakanaka kwehuropi hwemwana uye kumusunungura pakufema kwenzara. Zvakare, nzungu dzepaini dzinokurudzira kugadzirwa kwemukaka wemukaka uye nekuvandudza kunaka kwayo.

13. Inogadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu panguva yekutevera uye kumwedzi.

Pine nzungu dzinokurudzirwa kwenguva dzinorwadza. Ivo vanogadzikana chimiro chemuviri uye vanoenzanisa iyo psycho-yekumusoro kumashure. Pine nzungu dzine hutano hwakafanana pamuviri wechikadzi panguva yekuguma kuenda kumwedzi.

Ganda Kubatsirwa

14. Inomutsiridza uye inoporesa ganda.

Iko kukwirisa kwakakwira kweakasiyana mavitamini akakosha, zvicherwa uye antioxidants zvinoita mapine nzungu zvakanyanya kubatsira mukuchengetedza ganda. Vitamin E uye antioxidants zvinobatsira kudzora kukwegura. Pine nzungu dzinobatsira kurwisa dermatological kurwara. Vanorapa furunculosis, psoriasis, acne uye eczema.

15. Inonyorovesa uye inosimbisa ganda.

Kukorobha kwemuviri kunoitwa nemapine nzungu mbishi uye mafuta ekokonati kumutsidzira ganda nekubvisa maseru eganda akafa. Uye zvakare, nekuda kweayo epamusoro ekunyorovesa zvivakwa, ichi kukwesha chigadzirwa chinozivikanwa chekunyorovesa nekusimbisa ganda.

Bvudzi Bhenefiti

16. Inokurudzira kukura kwebvudzi nekusimbisa.

Pine nzungu ipfuma sosi yevhitamini E, yakakosha mukukura kwebvudzi. Vanhu vanotambura nekurasikirwa nevhudzi kana kuonda bvudzi vanofanirwa kusanganisira mapine nzungu mukudya kwavo. Iwo ane huwandu hwakakura hwemapuroteni anodzivirira bvudzi kubva mukukuvara uye nekurichengeta rakasimba, riine hutano uye richipenya.

Zvakanakira varume

17. Inovandudza potency.

Inokurudzirwa kushandisa paini nzungu kuwedzera potency uye kudzoreredza simba rechirume. Zinc, arginine, mavhitaminzi A uye E mumiti zvinomisikidza iyo genitourinary system uye inopa yakagadzika erection. Zvakare, nzungu dzepaini dzinogona kushandiswa kudzivirira prostate adenoma uye prostatitis.

Kukuvadza uye kupesana

1. Zvinogona kukonzeresa kuti irege kugadzikana.

Pine nzungu dzinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana, mazhinji acho ari anaphylactic. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana uri weergoria kune mamwe marimu, iwe unofanirwa kudzivirira nzungu dzepaini zvakare. Imwe (isingawanzo kujairika) yeergoriki inoitika kune mapine nzungu inozivikanwa sePine-Mouth Syndrome.

Iyo haina kukuvadza asi inogadzira inovava kana yesimbi mushure mekudya kubva pakudya mapine nzungu. Iko hakuna mushonga wePine-Mouth Syndrome kunze kwekumira kudya nzungu dzepaini kudzamara zviratidzo zvapera. Iyi syndrome inomuka kubva mukudyiwa kwerancid uye fungal-hutachiona hwakachengetedzwa nzungu.

2. Panogona kuve nezvinetso nekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa.

Hongu, nzungu dzepaini dzakanakira kubata uye kuyamwisa. Asi chete mukuenzanisa. Bvunza chiremba usati washandisa. Kunyanyisa kunwa kwenzungu kunogona kukonzera allergies uye nematambudziko ematumbu.

3. Inogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano kana ikadyiwa zvakanyanya.

Kunyanyisa kunwa kwemapine nzungu kunokonzeresa kunzwa kwekuvava mumuromo uye kushaya simba. Zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvisingaonekwe nekukasira, asi mushure memazuva mashoma. Kukotsira, dzungu, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa, kuzvimba kwemajoini, nduru uye dumbu.

4. Hazvikurudzirwe vana vadiki.

Nekuti paini nzungu idiki muhukuru, zvinogona kukuvadza vana vadiki. Kana ikafemerwa kana kumedzwa, nzungu dzinogona kukonzera kuvhara kwenzira dzemhepo. Vana vadiki vanofanirwa kupihwa chete nzungu dzepaini pasi pekutarisirwa kwevanhu vakuru.

5. Hazvifambe zvakanaka nenyama.

Kana iwe uchigara uchidya 50 g yemapine nzungu, deredza huwandu hwemapuroteni emhuka mukudya kwako. Kuwedzeredza muviri nemapuroteni kunogona kuisa kushushikana kwakanyanya paitsvo. Kana iwe uchidya nzungu zuva rega rega, idya nyama isingapfuure 4-5 nguva pasvondo.

Chemical kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa

Kukosha kwehutano hwepaini nzungu (100 g) uye muzana yeiyo kukosha kwezuva nezuva:

  • Kukosha kwehutano
  • mavhitamini
  • macronutrients
  • Tsvaga Elements
  • macalorie 673 kcal - 47,26%;
  • mapuroteni 13,7 g - 16,71%;
  • mafuta 68,4 g - 105,23%;
  • makabhohaidhiretsi 13,1 g - 10,23%;
  • fiber yekudya 3,7 g - 18,5%;
  • mvura 2,28 g - 0,09%.
  • Uye 1 mcg - 0,1%;
  • beta-carotene 0,017 mg - 0,3%;
  • S 0,8 mg - 0,9%;
  • E 9,33 MG - 62,2%;
  • Kusvika 54 μg - 45%;
  • V1 0,364 mg - 24,3%;
  • V2 0,227 mg - 12,6%;
  • V5 0,013 mg - 6,3%;
  • V6 0,094 mg -4,7%;
  • B9 34 μg - 8,5%;
  • PP 4,387 MG - 21,9%.
  • potassium 597 mg - 23,9%;
  • calcium 18 MG - 1,8%;
  • magnesium 251 mg - 62,8%;
  • yavaibvisa 2 MG - 0,2%;
  • phosphorus 575 MG - 71,9%.
  • simbi 5,53 MG - 30,7%;
  • manganese 8,802 mg - 440,1%;
  • mhangura 1324 μg - 132,4%;
  • selenium 0,7 μg - 1,3%;
  • zinc 4,28 mg - 35,7%.

kugumisa

Kunyangwe mutengo wepine nzungu wakanyanya kukwirisa, iwo akakodzera kuwedzera kune kudya kwako. Pine nzungu ine mavitamini, zvicherwa uye zvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha kuhutano hwakanaka. Kunyangwe iwe uchida kuchengetedza huremu hune hutano, gadzirisa yako BP, kana kudzikisa cholesterol yako mazinga, mapine nzungu anogona kukubatsira iwe. Funga nezvezvinogona kupesana uye bvunza chiremba wako kana zvichidikanwa.

Zvinobatsira Zvivakwa

  • Inoderedza huwandu hwe "yakaipa" cholesterol.
  • Inobatsira kudzora uremu.
  • Inoderedza kuwedzera kweropa.
  • Inotsigira bone bone.
  • Inoderedza njodzi yekuvandudza mamwe marudzi ekenza.
  • Inovandudza hutano hwemaziso.
  • Inowanzoita hutano hwekuziva.
  • Inowedzera simba.
  • Inobatsira kudzora chirwere cheshuga.
  • Inowedzera hutachiona.
  • Ine anti-kupisa zvinhu.
  • Inobatsira panguva yekuzvitakura.
  • Kunoderedza kuenda kumwedzi nekuguma.
  • Inomutsiridza uye inoporesa ganda.
  • Inonyorovesa uye inosimbisa ganda.
  • Inokurudzira kukura kwebvudzi nekusimbisa.
  • Inovandudza potency.

Zvinokuvadza zvivakwa

  • Zvinogona kukonzera kusagadzikana.
  • Panogona kuve nematambudziko nepamuviri uye kuyamwisa.
  • Inogona kukonzera matambudziko ehutano kana ikadyiwa zvakanyanya.
  • Hazvikurudzirwe vana vadiki.
  • Hazvifambe zvakanaka nenyama.

Zvitubu zvekutsvaga

Dzidzo huru pane zvakanakira uye njodzi dzenzungu dzepaini dzakaitwa navanachiremba vekunze uye vesaenzi. Pazasi iwe unogona kujairana neakanyanya masosi ekutsvaga pamusoro pechakanyorwa chinyorwa ichi:

Zvitubu zvekutsvaga

1.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26054525

2.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25238912

3.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26123047

4.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082204

5.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26082204

6.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14647095

7.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554653

8.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26390877

9.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19168000

10.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373528

11.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25748766

12.http: //www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/17991

13.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26727761

14.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23677661

15. https://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20060328/pine-nut-oil-cut-appetite

16.https: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/04/060404085953.htm

17. http://nfscfaculty.tamu.edu/talcott/courses/FSTC605/Food%20Product%20Design/Satiety.pdf

18.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076237

19.https: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/07/110712094201.htm

20. https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/news/20110708/nuts-good-some-with-diabetes#1

21.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25373528

22.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26554653

23.https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16030366

24. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/best-superfoods-for-weight-loss/21/

25. https://www.nutritionletter.tufts.edu/issues/12_5/current-articles/Extra-Zinc-Boosts-Immune-System-in-Older-Adults_1944-1.html

Yekuwedzera ruzivo rwakakosha nezve pine nzungu

Kushandisa sei

1. Mukubika.

Imwe yemashandisirwo anozivikanwa epine nzungu iri mukugadzirira kwepesto. Mune pesto mapepa, mapaini emapine anowanzo kunzi pignoli kana pinole muItaly. Iwo zvakare anowanzo shandiswa mune masaradhi uye nezvimwe zvinotonhora ndiro. Iwe unogona kusasvibisa zvishoma nzungu dzepaini kune imwe inonaka inonaka. Nekuda kwekuravira kwavo kwakapfava, vanobatana zvakanaka nezvose zvinotapira uye zvine munyu chikafu.

Hazvina kujairika kuwana mapaini nzungu sechinhu chinowanikwa mubiscotti, mabhisikiti, uye mamwe marudzi ekeke. Nekudaro, ramba uchifunga kuti kushandisa pine nzungu mune yavo yakasikwa fomu ndiyo inogara iri yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo. Uye zvakare, nzungu dzepaini dzinogona kuwedzerwa kuchingwa chezvese, ma pizza akagadzirwa, uye madhiri akawanda (ice cream, smoothies, nezvimwe).

2. Tincture pamapine nzungu.

Iyo tincture ichabatsira kugadzirisa mamiriro eese epamukati masisitimu emuviri. Inobatsira kuchenesa ropa uye lymph, inovandudza kunzwa uye kuona, inogadzirisa munyu metabolism, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Yakagadzirirwa kubva kuhombodo uye mhodzi dzemuti wemusidhari, dzakaputirwa nevodka.

3. Mu cosmetology.

Pine nzungu inoshandiswa mumasiki uye kukwesha. Mu cosmetology, nzungu mbishi dzinoshandiswa, sezvo zviri izvo zvinonyanya kubatsira. Izvo zvinokuyiwa kuita hupfu uye zvakasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa. Kune ganda rine mafuta, semuenzaniso, kefir inoshandiswa, kune rakaoma ganda - muto wakasviba. Ichi chifukidzo chinobatsira kurwisa kuputika kweganda uye kuunyana.

Kugadzirira kukwesha, shandisa akapwanyika makobvu uye uasanganise, semuenzaniso, neoat furawa. Wobva wawedzera madonhwe mashoma emvura inotonhorera uye kukwesha kwagadzirira kushandisa. Zvirinani kushandisa mushonga wakadai paganda rakanyoroveswa mushure mekugeza. Saka kuchenesa kunonyanya kushanda.

Maitiro ekusarudza

  • Paunenge uchitenga paini nzungu kubva kumusika, gara uchisarudza dzakajeka shava mbeu dzakaumbana uye dzakaenzana muhukuru.
  • Edza kudonhedza nzungu kubva kunzvimbo dzakaderera. Kana ivo vakaita ruzha rwesimbi, mhando yavo inovimbiswa.
  • Pine nzungu dzinofanira kunge dzakaremerwa uye dzisina kupaza.
  • Iwo matipi enzungu nyowani anofanirwa kuve akareruka. Iyo yakasviba micheto humbowo hweiyo yekare walnut.
  • Doti dema rinowanzo kuvepo pane isina kutsanangurwa kernel. Kusavapo kwayo kunoratidza kuti hapana nati mukati.
  • Kunhuhwirira kunofanira kunakidza, pasina kusviba.
  • Bheji rako rakanakisa nderekutenga zvisina kutsanangurwa tsanga.
  • Teerera kune iro rekugadzira zuva, kunyanya kana icho chigadzirwa chakanatswa. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti nzungu dzinokohwewa munaGunyana kana Gumiguru.

Kuchengeta sei

  • Makungu asina kuvezwa ane hupenyu hwakareba hwakareba kupfuura akachekwa nzungu. Inogona kuchengetwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
  • Nzungu dzakachekwa dzinochengeterwa mwedzi mitatu.
  • Nzungu dzakakangwa hadzina kukodzera kuchengetedza kwenguva refu. Zvinokuvara zviri nyore, kunyanya kana zvakachengetwa munzvimbo inodziya uye ine hunyoro. Zviri nani kuchengeta nzungu munzvimbo inotonhorera yakaoma.
  • Pine nzungu dzinogona kuchengetwa zvese mufiriji uye mufiriji, mushure mekuzviisa mumudziyo usina kudzivirira.
  • Tarisa unyoro hwemanzungu kamwe pasvondo, haifanire kudarika 55%.
  • Usatenge nzungu mumakoni, sezvo zvisingazivikanwe kuti zvakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba sei, uye hutachiona hunoungana mumahwendefa.

Nhoroondo yezvinoitika

Pine nati chave chiri chakakosha chikafu kwezviuru zvemakore. Zvinoenderana nemamwe marekodhi enhoroondo, maNative America eGreat Basin (renje renzvimbo yekumadokero kweUnited States) vanga vachiunganidza pignon pine nzungu kweanopfuura makore gumi. Nguva yekukohwewa kwenzungu yaireva kupera kwemwaka. MaIndia ekuAmerica vaitenda kuti uku kwaive kukohwa kwavo kwekupedzisira vasati vasiya nguva yechando. Munzvimbo idzi, iyo nzungu yemupine ichiri inozivikanwa netsika seinonzi pignon nut kana iyo pinona nut.

MuEurope neAsia, nzungu dzepaini dzakakurumbira kubvira panguva yePaleolithic. Vanachiremba veEjipitori vakashandisa nzungu dzemapaini kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana. Mumwe muzivi uye musayendisiti anobva kuPersia akatokurudzira kuti zvidyiwe kuti zviporese dundira uye kuwedzera kugutsikana pabonde. Masoja eRoma anozivikanwa nekudya nzungu dzepaini vasati varwa pavakapinda muBritain makore zviuru zviviri apfuura.

Vanyori vechiGreek vakataura nzungu dzepaini kare 300 BC. Kunyangwe paini nzungu dzinowanikwa mune rese kondinendi, chete makumi maviri emhando yemiti yemipaini muEurope, North America neAsia ndiyo yakakodzera kudyiwa nevanhu. Pine nzungu dzakarimwa kweanopfuura makore gumi uye dzinotaurwa munhoroondo yekare yechiGreek

Inokura sei uye kupi

Iko kune makumi maviri emhando yemiti yemipaini iyo panini nzungu dzinokohwa. Nzira yekuunganidza nzungu yakaoma. Inotanga nekubvisa nzungu kubva kune yakaibva pine koni. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwemuti, maitiro aya anogona kutora makore maviri.

Kamwe koni kana yaibva, inokohwa, kuiswa mublap uye kuratidzwa kupisa (kazhinji zuva) kuomesa koni. Kuomesa kazhinji kunopera mushure memazuva makumi maviri. Ipapo koni inopwanywa uye nzungu dzinotorwa kunze.

Iyo yemisidhari inosarudza ivhu rakanyorova (jecha loam kana loamy), inodziya kudziya. Inokura zvakanak. Muti unokura kusvika pakukwirira kwemamita makumi mashanu, chibereko chekutanga chinotakura mushure memakore makumi mashanu ehupenyu. Cedar pine inowanikwa muSiberia, Altai uye maEastern Urals.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, miti yemisidhari yakasimwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzekutandarira dzeGungwa Dema. Kune mhando dzemuti uyu dzinokura paSakhalin neEast Asia. Mugadziri mukuru wepine nzungu iRussia. Inoteverwa neMongolia, ichiteverwa Kazakhstan. China ndiyo mutengesi mukuru wepine nzungu.

Mashoko Anofadza

  • Mazhinji mapine nzungu anotora ingangoita mwedzi gumi nesere kuti ibve, mamwe makore matatu.
  • MuRussia, paini nzungu dzinodaidzwa kuti michero yemiti yemisidhari yeSiberia. Mbeu dzemisidhari chaidzo hadzifi.
  • MuItaly, nzungu dzepaini dzaizivikanwa makore anodarika 2000 apfuura. Yakawanikwa panguva yekuchera muPompeii.
  • Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, muti wemisidhari unogona kurarama kwemakore mazana masere. Kazhinji, miti yemisidhari inorarama makore mazana maviri kusvika mazana mana.
  • Mukaka wakaonda uye kirimu yemiriwo yaigadzirwa nemiti yemipaini muSiberia.
  • Huru dzemapfunde inzira dzakanaka dzevhu.
  • Kugadzirira kwepaella inozivikanwa, veSpanish vanoshandisa upfu hwepaini nzungu.
  • Kubva pamakirogiramu matatu emakungu, 3 litre yemafuta emupine nut anowanikwa.
  • Kubva pakuona kwebhodani, nzungu dzepaini dzinofanira kunzi mbeu dzepaini.
  • Misidhari chaiyo iri genus rakatosiyana reiyo conifers. Vanokura muAsia, Lebanon.

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