Valui (Russula foetens) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Valui (Russula foetens)

• Agaricus pepperatas Bull.
• Agaricus bulliardii JF Gmel.
• Agaricus fastidious Pers.
• Agaricus foetens (Pers.) Pers.
• Agaricus incrassatus Sowerby

Zita razvino: Russula foetens Pers., Observationes mycologicae 1: 102 (1796)

Etymology: Kubva muchiLatin foetens = fetid, nekuda kwekunhuhwirira, kazhinji kusingafadzi. Zita reItaly: Russula fetida

Mazita echiSlavic anoratidza zvese kutaridzika uye "nhare" yevaluu:

• Goby
• Cam
• Kulbik
• Swinur
• Soplivik

Musoro: yakakura, yakakura, 5-17 cm muhupamhi, mumakore akanaka inogona kukura nyore kusvika 20 centimita. Muhuduku, spherical, nyama-yakaoma, ipapo procumbent, isina kudzika uye yakaora mwoyo zvakanyanya pakati, dzimwe nguva ine tubercle duku yakafara.

Iyo cap margin kazhinji haina kurongeka, yakafara wavy, inopinza, ine inodudzwa radial grooves inova yakanyanya kutaurwa nezera.

Rudzi rwekapu inoreruka, yakareruka kumucheto uye yakawedzera zvishoma pakati, muvanhu vakuru valuyas kazhinji ine yakashata asymmetrical mavara e dzvuku-ruvara uye kunyange tsvuku-dema.

Ganda rekepi yehowa diki rinonamira, rakatsvedza, rinotsvedza, sekunge rakafukidzwa negel lubricant, asi mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, mucus unooma kunze nekukurumidza. Iyo peel inobviswa nyore nyore nehafu yeradius ye cap.

Vechidiki kukosha, "Fist":

gumbo. Inoenderana neheti: yakakura, yakakura, inosvika makumi maviri (kana kupfuura) masendimita pakureba uye 20-2 cm mukobvu. Kazhinji uniformly cylindrical kana zvishoma yakawedzera kumusoro pamberi mahwendefa, anogona kuva thickening pazasi.

Mumienzaniso midiki kwazvo, dzinde racho rakazara, asi nekukurumidza zvakanyanya pulp iri pakati pehunde inova yekotoni uye makomba anoumba, mapako anoumbwa, achibatanidza mune imwe hombe yepakati mhango yakarongedzerwa neyakapfava, yakasviba yakatsvuka-brown tishu.

Gumbo racho rakasimba uye rakasimba, asi muhutano hunoenderana nezera rinopinza zvakanyanya uye sags kana rakatsikirirwa zvakasimba neminwe, rinova risina simba, kunyanya mukukwegura.

Rudzi rwechidzitiro chichena, asi muhowa diki chete. Iyo chena pamusoro pechidzitiro inova yakakurumidza kusvibiswa ne grey, yakasviba brown, yakatsvuka tsvuku, kazhinji muchimiro chemavara makuru, asi pane dzimwe nguva panogona kuve nekupararira kwemavara madiki uye mapikisi.

Kumusoro kwehunde kwakakasharara, kushoma kushereketa kana kutsemuka nezera, yakafukidzwa nehupfu hwakakasharara pasi pemahwendefa.

Pulp: gobvu, rakaoma uye rakaoma, rakanyanya kuonda uye gelatinized pamicheto yechivharo muhowa duku. Ichena pakucheka uye kuputsika, haishanduki ruvara kana yakakuvadzwa. Asi kutanga kunova dzvuku-ruvara mumapako ehunde uye kunyange munharaunda yemukati yehwaro hwechitsiko. Juicy mumifananidzo yechidiki, yakaoma, asi kwete yakaoma, muvakuru.

Futa: yakasimba kwazvo uye isinganakidzi (kusvotwa, kupiswa maererano neMunhu) kana wachekwa. Dzimwe nguva inotsanangurwa sekunhuhwirira kweherring yakaora "pamusana we fruity", dzimwe nguva sekunhuhwirira kwemafuta ane rancid yakasimba.

manakiro: yakapinza kwazvo, inopinza uye inovava muvharo, asi dzimwe nguva "inenge yakapfava" munharaunda yepakati pedzinde.

Kuita kwemakemikari: KOH ine zvishoma zvishoma pane zvikamu zvichena zvenyama, kusanganisira ganda regumbo (zvishoma zvitsvuku kana zvinyoro zvakasvibirira zvakanyanya), asi inoita nyama yemukati yegumbo tsvuku kana tsvuku.

Records: shoma, gobvu, forogo munzvimbo, brittle, lanceolate, inopinza kune yakapinza pamberi, semuenzaniso, 8-14 mm yakafara. Yakakura zvishoma. Anenge asina ndiro. Kutanga kuchena, dzimwe nguva kuine madonhwe emvura yakajeka, ipapo kirimu uye neakawanda kana kushoma kutaurwa mavara mashava, kubva kune tsvina yakatsvuka yebrown, asi mupendero unoramba uchigara wakakwana uye wakafanana (kana nekunonoka kusviba).

spore powder: chena kana yakasviba, yakacheneruka cream, yakacheneruka yero.

Kunetsana 7,5-8,5-10,25-(11,5) x 6,7-8,7 µm, denderedzwa kana kuti denderedzwa, warty. Mawarts akatenderedzwa zvakajeka kana conical, ane akati wandei anobatanidza mitsetse, anosvika nyore kusvika 1,5 x 0,75 µm.

Inowanikwa mumasango ane nyoro zvishoma, pane ivhu rakaoma, pasi pemiti yakasvibirira uye coniferous, zvose pamapani uye mumakomo. Inokura zvakanyanya muEurope, Asia neNorth America. Kazhinji inobereka zvibereko mumapoka makuru.

Inotanga kubereka michero kubva munaJuly, ine chitubu chinodziya - kunyange kubva munaJune, kusvika kumatsutso.

Nhamba dzinoverengeka dzekune dzimwe nyika dzinoratidza kuti Russula foetens kune zvipenyu zvisingadyiki uye kunyange zvine chepfu. Saka, somuenzaniso, rimwe bhuku rokuItaly rinoti: “Mupfungwa iri yose inofanira kurangarirwa serussula ine chepfu, kunyange zvazvo munhuwi usingafadzi unongozvidzinga woga.”

Panharaunda yeyaimbova USSR, valui inonzi mushroom inodyiwa zvachose, kana iwe uchiziva kubika. Kupfuura maUrals, Valuev inokohwewa mumadhiramu mahombe, mazhinji ane munyu.

Mamiriro makuru: mahowa anofanira kunyatsonyoroveswa, kazhinji achichinja mvura. Pre-kubika (mushure mekunyura) inofanirwa zvakare.

Basement (Russula subfoetens)

Mhuka dzepedyo, dzisinga zivikanwe kubva kuValuy. Iyo chete yakajeka macro musiyano: maitiro kune KOH. Valui inoshandura ruvara kuita dzvuku, Podvalui - kuita yero. Zvimwe zvese zvinopindirana. Asi izvi hazvina kunetsa: ese ari maviri marudzi anodyiwa zvine mamiriro uye mushure mekubika iwo haana kunyatso siyanisa.

Kuti uwane rondedzero yakakura yerussula yakafanana, ona chinyorwa Podvaluy.

Video:

Nyaya yacho inoshandisa mapikicha nemavhidhiyo aSergey naVitaly.