Deer whip (Pluteus cervinus) mufananidzo uye tsananguro

Chikwapuro chenondo (Pluteus cervinus)

• Deer howa

• Plyutey brown
• Plutey rima fibrous
• Agaricus pluteus
• Hyporrhodius stag
• Pluteus nondo f. nondo
• Hyporrhodius cervinus var. cervinus

Zita razvino: Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) P. Kumm., Der Führer in die Pilzkunde: 99 (1871)

Chikwapuro chenondo chinoparadzirwa zvakanyanya uye chinowanikwa munzvimbo zhinji dzeEurasia neNorth America, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine mwero. Fungi iyi inowanzokura pahuni dzakaoma, asi haina kunyanya kusarudza kuti inokura parudzii, uye haina kunyanya kusarudza kuti ichabereka riini, ichionekwa kubva muchirimo kusvika matsutso uye kunyange munguva yechando munzvimbo dzinodziya.

Iyo ngowani inogona kuve yemavara akasiyana, asi mimvuri yebrown inowanzo tungamira. Mahwendefa akasununguka akachena pakutanga, asi nokukurumidza kuwana pink tint.

Ongororo ichangoburwa (Justo et al., 2014) vachishandisa data reDNA inoratidza kuti kune akati wandei "enigmatic" mhando dzinowanzozivikanwa sePluteus cervinus. Justo et al yambiro kuti morphological features haigoni kuvimbwa nguva dzose kuti iparadzanise marudzi aya, kazhinji ichida microscopy kuti inyatsozivikanwa.

Musoro: 4,5-10 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 12 uye kunyange kusvika 15 cm mudhayamita inoratidzwa. Pakutanga yakatenderedzwa, convex, bell-shaped.

Inobva yaita convex yakafaranuka kana kuita kunge yakati sandarara, kazhinji iine tubercle yepakati yakafara.

Nezera - rinenge rakadzikama:

Ganda riri pachivharo chehowa hudiki rinonamira, asi rinobva raoma, uye rinogona kunamira zvishoma kana ranyorova. Inopenya, yakatsetseka, ine mhanza kana yakatsetseka scaly/fibrillar pakati, kazhinji ine radial mitsetse.

Dzimwe nguva, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, pamusoro pevhavha haina kutsvedza, asi "yakaunyana", inoputika.

Chivharo chevhavha chakasviba kusvika kune chitsvuku: tsvuku, greyish brown, chestnut brown, kazhinji iine chidimbu chemuorivhi kana grey kana (kashoma) inenge yakaita chena, ine rima, ruvara kana ruvara rwepakati uye chiedza chakajeka.

Iyo cap margin kazhinji haina ribvu, asi dzimwe nguva inogona kubvarurwa kana kutsemuka mumienzaniso yekare.

mahwendefa: Yakasununguka, yakafara, kazhinji, ine mahwendefa akawanda. Vechidiki plutees vane chena:

Ipapo vanova pinkish, grey-pink, pink uye pakupedzisira vanowana yakapfuma ruvara rwenyama, kazhinji neakasviba, anenge makwapa matsvuku.

gumbo: 5-13 cm kureba uye 5-15 mm mukobvu. Zvakawanda kana kushoma kutwasanuka, inogona kuve yakakombamira zvishoma kuzasi, cylindrical, flat kana negadziko rakakora zvishoma. Yakaoma, yakatsetseka, ine mhanza kana kakawanda yakatsetseka ine makwande ebrown. Pazasi pemashanga, zviyero zvakachena, uye white basal mycelium inowanzoonekwa. Yakazara, iyo pulp iri pakati pegumbo ine zvishoma.

Pulp: yakapfava, chena, haichinji ruvara pane yakachekwa uye yakaunyana nzvimbo.

Futa kupera simba, kunenge kusinganzwisisiki, kunotsanangurwa sekunhuhwirira kwekunyorova kana huni hunyoro, "zvishoma sezvishoma", kashoma se "faint mushroom".

manakiro kazhinji yakati fanane neishoma.

Kuita kwemakemikari: KOH yakaipa kune yakachenuruka orenji pane iyo cap pamusoro.

Spore poda imprint: brownish pink.

Microscopic maitiro:

Spores 6-8 x 4,5-6 µm, ellipsoid, yakatsetseka, yakatsetseka. Hyaline kune zvishoma ocher muKOH

Plyutey nondo inokura kubva muchirimo kusvika pakupera kwematsutso pahuni dzemhando dzakasiyana, mumwechete, mumapoka kana mumasumbu madiki.

Inoda deciduous, asi inogonawo kukura mu coniferous masango. Inokura pamatanda akafa uye akavigwa, pazvitsiga uye pedyo nawo, anogonawo kukura pazasi pemiti mipenyu.

Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinoratidza ruzivo rwakasiyana zvekuti munhu anogona kungoshamisika: kubva kune isingadyike kuenda kune inodyiwa, nekurudziro yekubikira pasina kukundikana, kwemaminitsi makumi maviri.

Maererano neruzivo rwemunyori wechinyorwa ichi, howa hunodyiwa. Kana pane kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kusingawanzoitiki, howa hunogona kubikwa kwemaminitsi mashanu, kudonhedzwa uye kubikwa nenzira ipi zvayo: fry, stew, munyu kana marinate. Rare kuravidza uye kunhuwa zvachose zvinopera.

Asi kuravira kwezvikwapuro zvenondo, ngatitii, kwete. Iyo pulp yakapfava, kunze kwekunge yakabikwa zvine simba pasi.

Mhando yezvikwapuro ine marudzi anopfuura 140, mamwe acho akaoma kusiyanisa kubva kune mumwe.

Plyuteus atromarginatus (Pluteus atromarginatus)

Iyi imhando isingawanzo, iyo inosiyaniswa neheti dema uye mipendero yemavara matema emahwendefa. Inokura pamiti yeconiferous semi-yakaora, inobereka michero kubva muhafu yechipiri yezhizha.

Pluteus pouzarianus Singer. Inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwemabhuru pa hyphae, iyo inosiyaniswa chete pasi pe microscope. Inokura pamiti yemhando dzakapfava (coniferous), isina kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana.

Plyutey – Reindeer (Pluteus rangefer). Inokura mu boreal (kuchamhembe, taiga) uye masango ekuchinja kuchamhembe kwe45th parallel.

Nhengo dzakafanana dzeiyo genus ine hukama Volvariella inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kweVolvo.

Nhengo dzakafanana dzejenasi entolome iva nendiro dzinoomerera pane dzemahara. Kura pavhu.

Collybia platyphylla (Megacollybia platyphylla)

Kollybia, maererano neakasiyana masosi, howa husingadyike kana hunodyiwa, hunosiyaniswa nemahwendefa asingawanzo, machena kana ekrimu-ruvara rwekunamatira uye tambo dzehunhu pazasi pehunde.