Nhasi ticharatidza mabasa akati wandei evatenzi vakatanhamara vekare, avo vachiri hupenyu hunozivikanwa kumunhu wese. Dingindira rekudya. Ehezve, muhupenyu huchiripo hwemazana emakore apfuura, zvisiri-zvinomera zvinoratidzwa zvakare - hove, mutambo, kana zvikamu zvemhuka dzakaurayiwa. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kubvumwa kuti hupenyu hwakadaro hahuna kunyanya kuwanda - pamwe nekuti machira akapendwa mumhando yehupenyu huchiri kuitirwa kushongedza dzimba dzekutandarira, uye vashanyi venzvimbo iyi kumba vakamirira kuona chimwe chinhu chinopindirana uye chine rugare. masvingo. Hupenyu huchiri nemaapuro nemapichisi hunogona kutengeswa zvinobudirira kupfuura hupenyu huchiri nehove. Uku ndiko kungofungidzira kwedu kwekuzvininipisa, asi kunobva pachokwadi chiri pachena chekuti kunaka kweasina mhirizhonga, asina kwaakarerekera uye "anonaka" mabasa eunyanzvi agara achikwezva veruzhinji kusvika pamwero mukuru.
Vanyori, vanoratidza michero, nzungu, majiroji nemiriwo, vasina kuomerera kune pfungwa dzezvinomera kana fruitarianism - zvisinei, rudzi rwehupenyu huchiripo dzimwe nguva rwakatora kune vamwe vavo chikamu chikuru chebasa ravo rekugadzira. Uyezve, hupenyu huchiripo hausi muunganidzwa wezvinhu; pane nguva dzose zviratidzo zvakavanzika mukati maro, imwe pfungwa inonzwisisika kune mumwe nomumwe anoona nenzira yake, maererano nemaonero ake enyika.
Ngatitange nebasa reimwe yembiru dze impressionism Auguste Renoir, uyo akageza nemwaranzi yekubwinya munguva yeupenyu hwake.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Hupenyu huchiri nemichero yekumaodzanyemba. 1881
Nzira yekunyora yeFrench master - unobtrusively soft and light - inogona kurondwa mumifananidzo yake yakawanda. Isu tinoororwa zvikuru nebasa iri remuriwo chete, rinoratidzira nhamba huru yemichero nemiriwo.
Achitaura kamwe nezvekugadzira mukupenda, Renoir akati: “Rusununguko rwerudzii? Kuedza kutaura pamusoro pezvakatoitwa kane mazana enguva iwe usati? Chinhu chikuru ndechokubvisa chirongwa, kudzivisa rondedzero, uye nokuda kweizvi sarudza chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa uye chiri pedyo nemunhu wose, uye kunyange zviri nani kana pasina nyaya zvachose. Semaonero edu, izvi zvinonyatso ratidza rudzi rwehupenyu huchiripo.
Paul Cezanne. Imwe nyanzvi ine chiitiko chinoshamisa, iyo yakagamuchirwa kubva kune veruzhinji uye nenyanzvi munharaunda chete muukweguru hwake. Kwenguva yakareba, Cezanne haana kuzivikanwa nevakawanda vanoyemura pendi, uye vaaishanda navo muchitoro vaiona mabasa ake asina chokwadi uye asina kukodzera kutariswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mabasa evemazuva ano impressionists - Claude Monet, Renoir, Degas - akatengeswa zvinobudirira. Semwanakomana wemubhangi, Cezanne aigona kuva neramangwana rakabudirira uye rakachengeteka - chero akazvipira kuenderera mberi nebhizinesi rababa vake. Asi nokuda kwebasa rake, akanga ari nyanzvi yemifananidzo yakazvipira kudhirowa pasina chironda, kunyange munguva dzokutambudzwa uye kusurukirwa kwakakwana. Mamiriro eCezanne - bani riri pedyo neMount St. Victoria, mugwagwa unoenda kuPontoise nemamwe akawanda - ikozvino anoshongedza mamuseum enyika, kusanganisira. Kufanana nenzvimbo, hupenyu huchiri hweCezanne hwaive chido uye chidzidzo chenguva dzose chekutsvaga kwake kwekugadzira. Cezanne achiri hupenyu ndiwo chiyero cheiyi genre uye sosi yekurudziro kune maartist uye aesthetes kusvika nhasi.
"Ndichiri hupenyu nedrapery, jug uye mbiya yemichero" Cezanne nderimwe remabasa eunyanzvi anodhura zvakanyanya akambotengeswa kumaokisheni enyika.
Pasinei nekureruka kwekuurayiwa, hupenyu hwaCezanne huchiri hunosimbiswa nemasvomhu, hunowirirana uye hunonakidza munhu anofungisisa. "Ndichashamisa Paris nemaapuro angu," Cezanne akambotaura kushamwari yake.
Paul Cezanne Achiri Hupenyu Maapuro uye Biscuit. 1895
Paul Cezanne. Hupenyu huchiri netswanda yemichero. 1880-1890
Paul Cezanne. Huchiri hupenyu nemapomegraneti nemapeya. 1885-1890
Zvisikwa Vincent van Gogh zvine zvakawanda. Akanyatsoshanda pamabasa ake ose, akadzidza misoro yakanga isina kubatwa pairi mubasa revamwe nyanzvi dzokupenda dzepanguva iyoyo. Mutsamba dzinoenda kushamwari dzake, anorondedzera nokungoita zvoumwana kunaka kweminda yemiorivhi kana kuti minda yemazambiringa, anoyemura basa romushandiwo zvake anoshanda nesimba mudyari wegorosi. Zvimiro zvehupenyu hwekumaruwa, nzvimbo, mapikicha uye, hongu, achiri hupenyu ndiyo nzvimbo huru dzebasa rake. Ndiani asingazivi irises yaVan Gogh? Uye ane mukurumbira achiri kurarama nemasunflowers (akawanda aakapenda kuti afadze shamwari yake Paul Gauguin) anogona kuonekwa pamakadhidhi, mapepa uye mapepa ane mukurumbira wekushongedza mukati.
Muupenyu hwake, basa rake harina kutengeswa; munyori wacho pachake akaudza chiitiko chinofadza mutsamba yaakanyorera shamwari yake. Mumwe muridzi weimba yakapfuma akabvuma ku“edza” mumwe wemifananidzo yomunyori pamadziro muimba yake yokutandarira. Van Gogh akafara kuti mabhegi emari akawana zvakakodzera kuva nependi yake mukati. Nyanzvi yakapa mupfumi basa rake, asi haana kumbofunga kubhadhara tenzi wacho kunyange peni, achifunga kuti akanga achitoita nyasha huru.
Mufananidzo wemuchero weVan Gogh waireva kwete zvishoma pane basa paminda yakapoteredza, mafuro uye bouquets yemaruva.
Vincent Van Gogh. Tswanda uye maranjisi matanhatu. 1888
Vincent Van Gogh. Huchiri hupenyu nemaapuro, mapeya, mandimu nemazambiringa. 1887
Pazasi tinopa mufananidzo waVan Gogh wakapendwa neshamwari yake, muimbi ane mukurumbira. Paul Gauguin, wavakashanda naye kwenguva yakati pane zvimwe zvipenyu nemamiriro ezvinhu. Iyo canvas inoratidza Van Gogh nemasunflowers, sezvavakaonekwa naGauguin, vachigara padivi peshamwari kuti vaedze kuita pamwe chete.
Paul Gauguin. Mufananidzo waVincent van Gogh achipenda sunflowers. 1888
Upenyu hwaPaul Gauguin huchiri husina kuwanda, asi aidawo rudzi urwu rwekupenda. Kazhinji, Gauguin akaita mifananidzo mumhando yakasanganiswa, achibatanidza hupenyu huchiri nemukati uye kunyange mufananidzo.
Paul Gauguin. Huchiri hupenyu nefani. 1889
Gauguin akabvuma kuti anopenda achiri hupenyu paanonzwa aneta. Zvinonakidza kuti muimbi haana kuvaka nziyo, asi, sekutonga, akapenda kubva mundangariro.
Paul Gauguin. Hupenyu huchiri netii nemuchero. 1896
Paul Gauguin. Maruva uye ndiro yemichero. 1894
Paul Gauguin. Huchiri hupenyu nemapichisi. 1889
Henri Matisse - muimbi anoshamisa, uyo akarumbidzwa naSI Schukin. The Moscow philanthropist uye muunganidzi akashongedza imba yake isina kujairika uyezve isina kunyatsojeka mifananidzo yaMatisse uye akapa muimbi mukana wekuita zvakadzikama mukugadzira, asinganetseki nezvemamiriro ake emari. Nekuda kwerutsigiro urwu, mukurumbira chaiwo wakauya kuna tenzi asingazivikanwe. Matisse akasika zvishoma nezvishoma, achifungisisa, dzimwe nguva achinyatsoita achirerutsa mabasa ake kusvika padanho rekudhirowa kwemwana. Akatenda kuti muoni, aneta nekunetseka kwezuva nezuva, anofanira kuzvinyudza mumamiriro ezvinhu anowirirana ekufungisisa, achifamba zvakadzika kubva kumatambudziko uye kuzvidya mwoyo. Mumabasa ake, munhu anogona kuona zvakajeka chido chekuswedera pedyo nekuchena kwekunzwa, pfungwa yekubatana nemasikirwo uye primitive nyore kuva.
Henri Matisse. Huchiri hupenyu nemaruva chinanazi neremoni
Matisse achiri hupenyu zvakare anoratidza pfungwa yekuti basa remuimbi, zvisinei kuti ndeupi rudzi kana gwara raanoshanda mairi, kumutsa pfungwa yekunaka mumunhu, kumuita kuti anzwe kudzika kwenyika, achishandisa nyore, dzimwe nguva kunyange " mwana" maitiro emifananidzo.
Henri Matisse. Hupenyu huchiri nemaranjisi. 1913
Zvichiri hupenyu ndeimwe yedemocracy yekuona uye inonyanya kudiwa rudzi rwekupenda kune vakawanda. AT
Tinokutendai nekuteerera kwenyu!