Dumbu viscera inhengo dzese dziri mudumbu. Dzese nhengo idzi dzinoita basa muzvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha: kugaya, kuchenesa uye kubereka. Vanogona kukanganiswa nehumwe hutachiona hutachiona (kuzvimba, mamota, kusagadzikana) kana kusagadzikana kunoenderana nenhengo yega yega. 

Dumbu viscera inhengo dzese dziri mudumbu.

Iyo viscera yenzira yekugaya

• Dumbu: hollow mhasuru nhengo iri muchimiro chebhinzi, iri pakati pegodo uye mudumbu ura;
• Ura hudiki: hunosanganisira chikamu chakamisikidzwa, duodenum, iyo yakaputirwa nepancreas, uye nharembozha, iyo jejuno-ileum inoumbwa ne15 kana gumi nematanhatu U-yakaumbwa matumbo matumbo anoenderana imwe mushure meimwe;
• Iyo colon, kana hombe ura, iri pakati peiyo dumbu ura uye rectum;
• Iyo rectum ndiyo chikamu chekupedzisira chegwara rekudya.

Iyo viscera yakanamatira kune yekugaya nzira 

• Chiropa: chiri pasi pechipfuva, ndiyo nhengo hombe mumuviri wemunhu. Triangular muchimiro, ine dzvuku-ruvara chitarisiko, crumbly uye brittle, uye pamusoro payo yakatsetseka. Iyo inoumbwa nemakona mana;
• Iyo nduru dundira: dundira diki riri pasi pechiropa, yakabatana neiyo huru duct duct (imwe yemidziyo inodurura iyo bile yakavanzwa nechiropa) neiyo cystic duct;
• The pancreas: iri kuseri kwedumbu, gland iyi ine nhengo mbiri dzine mukati nekunze secretion;
• Iyo spleen: spongy, yakapfava nhengo inenge saizi yechibhakera, inowanikwa pazasi pembabvu chete;
• Itsvo: rakasviba tsvuku bhinzi-dzakaumbwa nhengo, iri kune ese mativi emusana. Chinhu chakakosha chinoshanda cheitsvo, chinonzi nephron, chinoumbwa nechinhu chekusefa (iyo glomerulus) uye nhengo yekudzora uye kuisa weti (tubule).

Iyo vagina, chibereko uye anowedzeredza nhengo (dundira, prostate, urethra) ari orogenital viscera.

Iyo yemimba viscera inobatanidzwa mumabasa matatu akakosha akakosha:

Kugaya

Muchikamu chekudya, chikafu chakamedzwa chinoshandurwa kuita makemikari akapusa anogona kupinda muropa.

• Dumbu rinoita basa rechipiri: a mechanical function (chikafu chinomutsa) uye chemakemikari mashandiro (mudumbu mune hydrochloric acid iyo inodzivirira chikafu, uye inoviga pepsin, enzyme inoputsa mapuroteni.);
• Mune ura, iyo enzyme yemukati (iyo inogadzirwa nepancreas) uye iyo bile yakaburitswa nechiropa inoshandura mapuroteni, lipids uye makabhohaidhiretsi muzvinhu zvinogona kufananidzwa nemuviri;
• Iyo colon ndiyo nzvimbo iyo kugaya kunopera nekuda kwechiito cheiyo microbial flora ipapo. Ichowo inzvimbo yekuchengetera uko zvisaririra zvekudya zvinofanirwa kubviswa zvinoungana;
• Iyo rectum inozadza nezvituru zviri mukoloni, zvichikonzera kudikanwa kwekubuda.

Chiropa chinobatanidzwawo mukugaya.

• Inogadzirisa shuga yeropa nekushandura glucose yakawandisa kuva glycogen;
• Inoputsa kudya kwemafuta acids kuita zvigadzirwa zvesimba guru;
• Inotora maamino acids anoumba mapuroteni uye ozoachengeta kana kuarega achipinda muropa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemuviri.

Kucheneswa

Tsvina kana chepfu zvinhu zviri mumuviri zvinobviswa ne:

• Chiropa, icho chinoisa mukati me bile zvinhu zvinhu zvinoburitswa kubva kwachakachenesa ropa rakapfuura napo;
• Itsvo, dzinobvisa marara ane nitrogen uye chepfu inogadziriswa nemvura nekuita weti;
• Iyo dundira, iyo inounganidza weti kuti ibviswe.

Kubereka

The vagina uye chibereko zviri viscera inobatanidzwa mukubereka.

Dumbu rinogona kukanganiswa neanotevera zvisizvo uye pathologies:

• Chero ronda mudumbu rinogona kutungamirira kukuvadzwa kwemudumbu, iyo inoratidzwa nezvibvumirano uye kuvapo kwemhepo mudumbu remimba.
• Gastritis: chirwere chisingaperi kana chakazvimiririra chedumbu
• Dumbu dumbu: kurasikirwa kwechinhu kubva mudumbu mbichana
• Mamota: anogona kunge ari benign kana cancer
• Dumbu kubuda ropa: izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nemaronda, gomarara, kana hemorrhagic gastritis

Ura hunogona kukanganiswa nemamiriro akati wandei anogona kukonzera kuvharika, manyoka, kana kuremara munzira inofambisa chikafu kuburikidza nemukati memukati (malabsorption):

• Congenital anatomical kusagadzikana senge kudzikira kana kusavapo kwechikamu chemuura (congenital atresia)
• Tumor
• Kumonyanisa ura kwakakomberedza poindi yaro yekubatanidza (volvulus)
• Kuzvimba ura (enteritis)
• Utumbo tibhii
• Utumbo kana mesenteric infarction (kudzoka kweperitoneum ine midziyo inopa ura)

Iyo colon inogona kukanganiswa neanotevera pathologies:

• Kuzvimba kwekoloni yebhakitiriya, chepfu, chisvetasimba, hutachiona kana autoimmune mavambo. Inogona kukonzera manyoka, uye dzimwe nguva kupisa
• Tumors inoratidzwa nehemorrhages, kurwisa kwekuvhara kana kunyange kuvhara kwematumbo
• Iko kunoshanda colopathy, pasina kukuvara kunoshanda, uko kunoratidza sekukatyamadza kana manyoka.

Zvirwere zvinokanganisa rectum zvinotevera:

• Kukuvara kunorwadza kunokonzerwa nemitumbi yekunze, projectiles kana kurovererwa
• Kuzvimba kwe rectum (proctitis): kazhinji panguva yekubuda kwehemorrhoid, inogona zvakare kuve yechipiri kune yekurapa irradiation yepelvis.
• Benign (polyps) kana kenza yemamota

Chiropa chinogona kukanganiswa nehuwandu hwezvirwere:

• Hepatitis kuzvimba kwechiropa chechepfu, hutachiona, bhakitiriya kana parasitic mavambo
• Cirrhosis chirwere chinopera simba chechiropa materu nekuda kwekudhakwa (80% yematambudziko) kana mamwe mamiriro (hepatitis, chirwere chaWilson, kutadziswa kwenzara dzemvura, nezvimwewo)
• Matambudziko ehutachiona, kusanganisira chirwere chechiropa chirwere chinowanzobatwa kubva pakudya mvura yemusango
• Chiropa abscesses yehutachiona kana hwebhakitiriya mavambo
• Benign tumors (cholangiomas, fibroids, hemangiomas)
• Kenza yechiropa yepakutanga inotanga kubva mumasero eropa

Chiropa chinogonawo kukanganiswa panguva yehutano hwemwoyo (moyo kutadza, pericarditis, arterial embolism, thrombosis, nezvimwewo) nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana, zvakaita segranulomatosis, thesaurismosis, glycogenosis kana kenza yemamwe mitezo, inogona kuve munzvimbo yechiropa. Chekupedzisira, tsaona hepatic inogona kucherechedzwa panguva yekuzvitakura.

Itsvo dzinogona kukanganiswa nemamiriro akasiyana akasarudzika zvichienderana nehutachiona hwakakanganiswa uye nemhando yechironda.

• Yekutanga glomerulopathies, inosanganisira iyo glomerulus, inogona kuve yakaipa uye inononoka apo vamwe vanogona kufambira mberi mukusingaperi renal kutadza. Zvinoguma nekubvisa kwakanyanya kana kushoma mukuita weti yemapuroteni anowanzo chengetwa ne glomerulus. Iwo anowanzo kuve akabatana nekubuda kweweti ine ropa (hematuria) uye dzimwe nguva neepamusoro BP;
• Sekondari glomerulopathies inoonekwa panguva dzezvirwere zvakajairika senge renal amyloidosis kana chirwere cheshuga;
• Tubulopathies kukuvara kune iyo tubule iyo inogona kuve yakaoma kana ichikonzerwa nekumwa kwechinhu chine chepfu, kana chisingaperi. Muchiitiko chechipiri, ivo vanoguma nehurema hweimwe kana anopfuura tubular mashandiro 
• Itsvo mamiriro anokanganisa anotsigira matishu pakati peitsvo mbiri, anonzi interstitial nephropathies, anowanzo kukonzerwa nehuropi turakiti chirwere;
• Mamiriro ezvinhu anokanganisa midziyo iri muitsvo, inonzi vascular nephropathies, inogona kutungamira kune nephrotic syndrome kana kukwirira kweropa. 
• Itsvo kusagadzikana senge hypoplasia (kutadza mukuvandudzika kwetissue kana nhengo) kana polycystosis (kuenderera mberi kwekuonekwa kwecyst padhuze netubule) 
• Itsvo kutadza ndiko kuderera kana kudzvinyirira kwekuchenesa basa reitsvo. Zvinoguma nekuwedzera kwe urea uye creatinine (tsvina yemetabolism) muropa, kazhinji iine edema uye nepamusoro BP. 
• Itsvo dzinogona zvakare kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekuvhiya senge kushungurudzika nekuda kwekuvhunduka munzvimbo ye lumbar, hutachiona kana mamota maronda. 
• Nephroptosis (kana itsvo yakaburuka) chirwere chinozivikanwa nekufamba kusingaite uye nzvimbo yakaderera yeitsvo.

Iyo vagina inogona kukanganiswa nekuzvarwa kwakakanganisika (kukwana kana kusakwana kusipo kwemukadzi, zvikamu), mamota emadzimai kana fistula izvo zvinoita kuti vagadzi vataurirane neyekugaya turakiti kana iyo weti turakiti. Mamiriro ekuputira mukati memukati memukadzi, anonzi vaginitis, zvinoguma nekubuda chena, kupisa, kuchenesa, uye kusagadzikana pabonde.

Chibereko chingave nehurema hwekuzvarwa (kaviri, septate, kana unicornuate chibereko) izvo zvinogona kukonzera kushaya mbereko, kubvisa nhumbu, kana kuratidzira zvisina kujairika kwemucheche. Inogona kuratidza kusagadzikana kwechinzvimbo, kana kuve chigaro chehutachiona kana bundu kana bundu rinokuvadza.

Dundira rinogona kurwadza. Kuderera kweiyo mwero wekuyerera weti kunogona kutungamira kukudziridzwa kwematombo mudundira. Mamota edundira anowanzo ratidza semuropa weropa.

Iyo urethra inogona kunge iri saiti yekusimbisa, dombo kana bundu.

Mamiriro akajairika eprostate iprostatic adenoma, bundu rinotyisa rinoratidza seyakawedzera weti, shanduko mupatani, uye dzimwe nguva kuchengetwa kwakanyanya kweweti. Prostate inogona zvakare kuve nzvimbo yekenza kana kuzvimba.

Kushungurudzika kwegadziriro yekugaya (mudumbu, ura, colon, rectum, chiropa, pancreas, nduru dundira, spleen) zvese zvinotarisirwa negastroenterologist. Pakaitika kukanganisika kwese rectal, zvinokwanisika kubvunza proctologist (nyanzvi mune rezasi uye anus). Zvirwere zvechiropa, spleen uye bile ducts zvinogona kutariswa zvakanyanya nehunyanzvi mune idzi nhengo, hepatologist.

Kurapa manejimendi yeitsvo pathologies inopihwa nephrologist, uye neyezvirwere zvevakadzi genital system (vagina, chiberekero) naana gynecologist.

Zvirwere zvine chekuita neweti weti (dundira, urethra) uye genitalia yechirume (prostate) inotarisirwa nachiremba wezveuropi. Iyo yekupedzisira zvakare inopa kuvhiya manejimendi ezvirwere zveitsvo kana yemukadzi genital turakiti.

Kuongororwa kwekiriniki

Inosanganisira kurova uye kurova mudumbu uko kunogona kuita kuti zvikwanise kuona shanduko yakakura muhuwandu uye kuenderana kwechiropa, kana kuona itsvo hombe.

Kushanda kwekuongorora

Iko kune yakazara seti yemiyedzo yekuongorora kuti akasiyana sei emimba viscera ari kushanda.

Basa rakavanzika repancreas rinogona kuongororwa ne:

• Chiyero che enzyme (amylase) muropa uye weti
• Duodenal tubing: chirongwa chinounzwa mukati me duodenum kuunganidza shuga yepancreatic yakawanikwa mushure mekukurudzirwa kwekubuda kwegland
• Kuongorora kwechigaro: pancreatic insufficiency inokonzeresa kugaya kunoguma nezvakawanda, pasty uye mafuta ane zvituru.

Kushanda kwekutsvaga kweitsvo kunosanganisira:

• Kuongororwa kwemakemikari weti kuti uone kubviswa kwepuroteni mumurini izvo zvinoratidza kusagadzikana kweiyo firita basa reiyo glomerulus.
• Urea uye creatinine kuongororwa kweropa kuti utarise kushanda kweropa rinosuka ropa

X-ray yemudumbu

• Kushatisa miviri yekunze mudumbu
• Kansa yemudumbu
• Iyo radiology yekuongorora yemudumbu inoita kuti zvikwanise kuratidza kuzvimba kwemukati wedumbu

Kugaya radiography

Inosanganisira kumedza chigadzirwa chisina kukwana kumaX-ray uye kudzidza kufambira mberi kwechigadzirwa ichi kuburikidza nesophagus, mudumbu, duodenum uye bile ducts. Iyo inobvumidza iyo morphological kudzidza yemadziro emukati enhengo dzakasiyana idzi. Kutsanya kwakakosha kutendera chigadzirwa kuti chinamatire kumadziro ekugaya. Inoshandiswa mukutsvaga kwekubuda kwegastric.

Endoscopy

Uku kuongorora kunosanganisira kuunza inoonekwa chubhu yakarongedzwa nemwenje sisitimu mune mhango kuti uiongorore. Kana endoscopy iri yekutarisa mudumbu, duodenum, chiropa, kana sikarudzi, muyedzo unonzi esogastroduodenal endoscopy kana "esogastroduodenal endoscopy, uye chubhu inoiswa kuburikidza nemuromo. Kana ichiitwa kuti itarise colon, chiropa, bladder, kana rectum, iyo endoscope inosvitswa kuburikidza neiyo anus. Endoscopy inoitwa kunyanya kuongororwa kwegastric hemorrhage, gomarara remudumbu, colon tumarara, chirwere checoron chirwere, chiropa chisina kujairika, nezvimwe.

Scintigraphy

Iyo inonziwo gamma radiography, inosanganisira kuongorora nhengo nekutenda kuunganidzwa padanho rezvinhu zvemakemikari zvinoburitsa gamma mwaranzi. Kutenda kune ray ray inofamba ichitarisa pamusoro kuti iongororwe, mufananidzo wenhengo unowanikwa panowanikwa radioactive density inoratidza chikamu cheyakagadziriswa chinhu. Scintigraphy inoshandiswa kuongorora:

• Chiropa. Inoita kuti ikwanise kuratidza cysts, abscesses, mamota kana metastases.
• Itsvo. Inobvumira kuenzanisa symmetry yeitsvo mbiri.