Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa tsananguro uye zvinhu zvikuru zvematrix nemienzaniso, chiyero chayo, uye nekupawo pfupiso yezvakaitika kare maererano nekuvandudzwa kwedzidziso yematrix.
Matrix Tsanangudzo
Matrix imhando yetafura ine rectangular ine mitsetse nemakoramu ane zvimwe zvinhu.
Matrix saizi inoisa nhamba yemitsara nemakoramu, ayo anoratidzwa nemavara m и n, zvichiteerana. Tafura pachayo yakaumbwa nemabhuraketi akatenderera (dzimwe nguva masikweya mabhureki) kana imwe/miviri mitsetse yakamira yakatwasuka.
Iyo matrix inoratidzwa nemavara makuru A, uye pamwe chete nechiratidzo chehukuru hwayo - Amn. Muenzaniso unoratidzwa pasi apa:
Kushandiswa kwematrices mune masvomhu
Matrices anoshandiswa kunyora nekugadzirisa kana masisitimu ekusiyanisa equation.
Matrix zvinhu
Kuratidza zvinhu zvematrix, iyo standard notation inoshandiswa aij, kupi:
- i - nhamba yemutsara une chinhu chakapihwa;
- j - zvichiteerana, nhamba yekoramu.
Semuenzaniso, kune matrix pamusoro apa:
- a24 = 1 (mutsara wechipiri, chikamu chechina);
- a32 = 16 (mutsetse wechitatu, chikamu chechipiri).
Rows
Kana zvinhu zvese zvemutsara wematrix zvakaenzana ne zero, saka mutsara wakadaro unonzi null (yakasimbiswa mugirini).
Zvikasadaro, mutsara wacho nonzero (yakaratidzwa mutsvuku).
Diagonals
Iyo diagonal inodhonzwa kubva kumusoro kuruboshwe kona yematrix kuenda kuzasi kurudyi inonzi chikuru.
Kana diagonal yakadhirowewa kubva pasi kuruboshwe kuenda kumusoro kurudyi, inodanwa collateral.
Nhoroondo yezvakaitika
"Magic Square" - pasi pezita iri, matrices akatanga kutaurwa muChina yekare, uye gare gare pakati pevaArab masvomhu.
Muna 1751 nyanzvi yemasvomhu yekuSwitzerland Gabriel Cramer yakabudiswa "Kutonga kwaKramer"inoshandiswa kugadzirisa masisitimu emutsara algebraic equations (SLAE). Anenge panguva imwe chete, iyo "Gauss nzira" yakaonekwa yekugadzirisa SLAE nekutevedzana kubviswa kwezvinosiyana (munyori ndiCarl Friedrich Gauss).
Kubatsira kwakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwedzidziso yematrix kwakaitwawo nenyanzvi dzemasvomhu dzakadai saWilliam Hamilton, Arthur Cayley, Karl Weierstrass, Ferdinand Frobenius naMarie Enmond Camille Jordan. Izwi rimwechete rekuti "matrix" muna 1850 rakaunzwa naJames Sylvester.