Chii chinonzi prism: tsananguro, zvinhu, mhando, sarudzo dzechikamu

Muchinyorwa chino, tichatarisa tsananguro, zvinhu zvikuru, mhando uye zvingangoitwa sarudzo dzechikamu cheprism. Ruzivo rwakaratidzwa runoperekedzwa nemifananidzo inodhirowa kuti ione zviri nani.

Tsanangudzo yeprism

Prism chimiro chejometri chiri muchadenga; polyhedron ine zviso zviviri zvakaenzana uye zvakaenzana (polygons), asi humwe huso huri paralelogiramu.

Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza imwe yemhando dzakajairika dzeprism - quadrangular line (kana parallelepiped) Mamwe marudzi emufananidzo anokurukurwa muchikamu chekupedzisira chebhuku rino.

Prism elements

Pamufananidzo uri pamusoro:

• Ground akaenzana maporigoni. Aya anogona kuva matriangles, mana-, mashanu-, hexagoni, zvichingodaro. Kwatiri, aya maparalelogiramu (kana rectangles) ABCD и A₁B₁C₁D₁.
• Zviso zveparutivi ari parallelograms: AA₁B₁B, BB₁C₁C, CC₁D₁D и AA₁D₁D.
• Side mbabvu chikamu chinobatanidza vertices yezvigadziko zvakasiyana zvinoenderana nemumwe (AA₁, BB₁, CC₁ и DD₁) Ndiro rutivi rwakafanana rwezviso zviviri zvemativi.
• Urefu (h) - iyi ndiyo perpendicular inotorwa kubva kune imwe nheyo kuenda kune imwe, kureva kureba pakati pavo. Kana mativi emativi ari pamakona akarurama kune zvigadziko zvemufananidzo, saka iwowo ndiwo marefu eprism.
• Base diagonal - chikamu chinobatanidza vertices mbiri dzakatarisana dzenheyo imwechete (AC, BD, A₁C₁ и B₁D₁) A triangular prism haina chinhu ichi.
• Side Diagonal Chikamu chemutsara chinobatanidza vertices mbiri dzakatarisana dzechiso chimwechete. Iyo nhamba inoratidza diagonals yechiso chimwe chete. (CD₁ и C₁D)kuti urege kuwandisa.
• Prism Diagonal - chikamu chinobatanidza vertices mbiri dzezvigadziko zvakasiyana izvo zvisiri zvedivi rimwechete chiso. Tangoratidza zviviri chete zvezvina: AC₁ и B₁D.
• Prism pamusoro ndiyo izere nezvigadziko zvayo zviviri nezviso zvaro. Mafomura ekuverenga (yeiyo nhamba chaiyo) uye maprism anounzwa muzvinyorwa zvakasiyana.

Prism kutsvaira - kuwedzera kwezviso zvose zvemufananidzo mune imwe ndege (kazhinji, imwe yezvigadziko). Semuenzaniso, kune rectangular yakatwasuka prism:

Cherechedza: prism properties inoratidzwa mu.

Prism chikamu sarudzo

1. Diagonal chikamu - ndege yekucheka inopfuura nepakati pe diagonal yenheyo yeprism uye maviri anoenderana kumativi emucheto.Cherechedza: A triangular prism haina diagonal chikamu, nokuti Nheyo yemufananidzo igonyonhatu isina diagonals.
2. Perpendicular Chikamu - ndege yekucheka inopindirana kumativi ose kumativi pakona yakarurama.

Cherechedza: dzimwe sarudzo dzechikamu hadzina kunyanya kuwanda, saka hatizogari pazviri zvakasiyana.

Mhando dzeprism

Chimbofunga zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviumbwa zvine triangular base.

1. Yakatwasuka prism - zviso zveparutivi zviri pamakona akarurama kune zvigadziko (kureva perpendicular kwavari). Kureba kwechimiro chakadaro kwakaenzana nemucheto wayo weparutivi.
2. Oblique prism - zviso zveparutivi zvechifananidzo hazvisi perpendicular kune zvigadziko zvayo.
3. Prism chaiyo Mabhesi acho ari maporigoni anogara aripo. Inogona kunge yakatwasuka kana kuti yakatsvuka.
4. truncated prism - chikamu chechimiro chakasara mushure mekuyambuka nendege isingaenderani nemabhesi. Inogonawo kuva zvose zvakananga uye zvakarerekera.