Mabhuku anonyaradza, anopa manzwiro akajeka, anobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani isu nevamwe, uye dzimwe nguva anogona kuchinja hupenyu hwedu. Nei tichifarira kuverenga? Uye mabhuku anogona kukonzera psychotherapeutic effect?
Psychologies: Kuverenga ndeimwe yemafaro makuru muhupenyu hwedu. Inotungamira gumi repamusoro zviitiko zvinodzikamisa, izvo zvinounza manzwiro makuru emufaro uye kugutsikana kwehupenyu. Iwe unofunga kuti chii chiri simba rayo remashiripiti?
Stanislav Raevsky, Jungian muongorori: Iyo huru yemashiripiti yekuverenga, inoratidzika kwandiri, ndeyekuti inomutsa fungidziro. Imwe yefungidziro nei munhu akava akachenjera zvikuru, akaparadzaniswa nemhuka, ndeyokuti akadzidza kufungidzira. Uye apo tinorava, tinopa rusununguko rwekudzorwa kufungidziro nefungidziro. Uyezve, mabhuku emazuva ano emhando dzisiri dzenhema, mumaonero angu, anonyanya kunakidza uye akakosha kupfuura ngano mupfungwa iyi. Tinosangana mavari zvose nyaya yekuongorora uye zvinhu zve psychoanalysis; madhirama epfungwa akadzika dzimwe nguva anoitika ipapo.
Kunyangwe kana munyori akataura nezvenyaya dzinoita sedzisinganzwisisike sefizikisi, haangonyore mumutauro wevanhu mhenyu, asi zvakare anoronga chokwadi chake chemukati kune mamiriro ekunze, chii chinoitika kwaari, chii chakakosha kwaari, ese manzwiro aanoita. zvirikuitika. Uye nyika yakatipoteredza inouya iri mhenyu.
Tichitaura nezvemabhuku mupfungwa yakafara, kuverenga mabhuku kunorapa sei?
Zvechokwadi kurapa. Chokutanga pane zvose, isu pachedu tinorarama mubhuku. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzinorondedzera dzinoda kutaura kuti mumwe nomumwe wedu anogara mune imwe nzvimbo iyo yakaoma zvikuru kubuda. Uye isu tinozvitaurira nyaya imwechete nguva dzose. Uye patinoverenga, tine mukana ushoma wekubva pane izvi, zvedu pachedu, nhoroondo kuenda kune imwe. Uye izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwegirazi neurons, iyo, pamwe nekufungidzira, yakaita zvakawanda mukusimudzira budiriro.
Dzinotibatsira kunzwisisa mumwe munhu, kunzwa nyika yake yemukati, kuva munyaya yake.
Uku kugona kurarama hupenyu hweumwe, hongu, mufaro unoshamisa. Senyanzvi yepfungwa, ndinorarama kwakawanda kwakasiyana mazuva ese, ndichijoinha vatengi vangu. Uye vaverengi vanogona kuita izvi nekubatana nemagamba emabhuku uye kuvanzwira tsitsi nemoyo wese.
Kuverenga mabhuku akasiyana uye nekudaro tichibatana nevatambi vakasiyana, isu neimwe nzira tinobatanidza hudiki hwakasiyana matiri. Mushure mezvose, zvinongoratidzika kwatiri kuti munhu mumwe chete anogara matiri, iyo inowanikwa mune imwe nzira chaiyo. "Kurarama" mabhuku akasiyana, tinogona kuedza zvinyorwa zvakasiyana pachedu, marudzi akasiyana. Uye izvi, zvechokwadi, zvinotiita kuti tive nehuwandu, hunonakidza - kune isu pachedu.
Ndeapi mabhuku aunonyanya kukurudzira kune vatengi vako?
Ndinofarira zvikuru mabhuku ayo, kunze kwemutauro wakanaka, ane mugwagwa kana nzira. Kana munyori achinyatsoziva imwe nzvimbo. Kazhinji, isu tine hanya nekutsvaga kwezvinoreva. Kune vanhu vazhinji, zvinoreva hupenyu hwavo hazvisi pachena: kuenda kupi, chii chekuita? Takatovingeiko panyika pano? Uye kana munyori achigona kupa mhinduro kumibvunzo iyi, zvakakosha zvikuru. Naizvozvo, ini ndinokurudzira mabhuku e semantic, kusanganisira mabhuku ekunyepedzera, kune vatengi vangu.
Semuenzaniso, ndinoda zvinyorwa zveHyoga zvakanyanya. Ndinogara ndichifananidza nehunhu hwake. Izvi zvese zviri zviviri mutikitivha uye zvakadzika fungidziro pamusoro pezvinoreva hupenyu. Zvinoratidzika kwandiri kuti zvinogara zvakanaka kana munyori aine mwenje pamagumo enzira. Ini handisi mutsigiri wezvinyorwa umo chiedza ichi chakavharwa.
Chidzidzo chinonakidza chakaitwa nenyanzvi yepfungwa Shira Gabriel kubva kuYunivhesiti yeBuffalo (USA). Vatori vechikamu mukuedza kwake vakaverenga zvinyorwa kubva kuna Harry Potter uye ndokupindura mibvunzo pabvunzo. Zvakazoitika kuti vakatanga kuzviona zvakasiyana: vaiita sekupinda munyika ye heroes yebhuku, kunzwa sezvapupu kana kunyange vatori vechikamu muzviitiko. Vamwe vaitotaura kuti vane masimba emashiripiti. Zvinoitika kuti kuverenga, kutibvumira kunyura mune imwe nyika, kune rumwe rutivi, kunobatsira kutiza kubva kumatambudziko, asi kune rumwe rutivi, haigoni kufungidzira kwechisimba kutiendesa kure here?
Mubvunzo wakakosha zvikuru. Kuverenga kunogona chaizvo kuva rudzi rwemushonga kwatiri, kunyange zvazvo wakachengeteka zvikuru. Inogona kuumba nyengedzo yakaisvonaka yatakanyura mairi, tichienda kure noupenyu chaihwo, tichinzvenga rudzi rwakati rwokutambura. Asi kana munhu akaenda munyika yekufungidzira, hupenyu hwake hahushanduki nenzira ipi zvayo. Uye mabhuku anowedzera semantic, pamusoro payo iwe waunoda kuratidza, kukakavara nemunyori, anogona kushandiswa kuhupenyu hwako. Hunokosha zvikuru.
Mushure mekuverenga bhuku, unogona kushandura zvachose destiny yako, kunyange kutanga zvakare zvakare
Pandakauya kuzodzidza paJung Institute muZurich, ndakashamiswa kuti vanhu vose vaivako vaiva vakuru kwandiri. Panguva iyoyo ndakanga ndava nemakore anenge 30, uye vakawanda vavo vaiva nemakore 50-60. Uye ndakashamiswa kuti vanhu vanodzidza sei pazera iroro. Uye vakapedza chikamu chezvavaizoenda uye muhafu yechipiri vakasarudza kudzidza zvepfungwa, kuti vave nyanzvi dzepfungwa.
Pandakabvunza chakaita kuti vaite izvi, vakapindura kuti: “Bhuku raJung” Memories, Dreams, Reflections, “tinoverenga uye takanzwisisa kuti zvose zvakanyorwa nezvedu, uye tinongoda kuita izvi.”
Uye chinhu chimwe chete chakaitika muRussia: vazhinji vandaishanda navo vakabvuma kuti Vladimir Levy's The Art of Being Yourself, iro roga bhuku repfungwa rinowanikwa muSoviet Union, rakaita kuti vave nyanzvi dzepfungwa. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, ndine chokwadi chokuti vamwe, nokurava mamwe mabhuku enyanzvi dzemasvomhu, vanova nyanzvi dzemasvomhu, uye vamwe, nokurava mamwe mabhuku, vanova vanyori.
Bhuku rinogona kuchinja hupenyu here kana kuti kwete? Unofungei?
Bhuku racho, pasina mubvunzo, rinogona kuva nepesvedzero yakasimba zvikuru uye neimwe nzira kuchinja upenyu hwedu. Nemamiriro akakosha: bhuku rinofanirwa kunge riri munharaunda yeproximal budiriro. Zvino, kana isu tatova neimwe preset mukati panguva ino, kugadzirira shanduko kwaibva, bhuku rinova catalyst inotanga maitiro aya. Chimwe chinhu chinoshanduka mukati mangu - uyezve ndinowana mhinduro dzemibvunzo yangu mubhuku. Zvadaro inovhura nzira uye inogona kuchinja zvakawanda.
Kuti munhu anzwe kudiwa kwekuverenga, bhuku racho rinofanira kuva shamwari yakarovedzeka uye inodiwa muupenyu kubvira pauduku. Tsika yekuverenga inofanira kukudziridzwa. Vana vemazuva ano - kazhinji - havafarire kuverenga. Kana kusati kwanyanya kunonoka kugadzirisa zvese uye kuti ungabatsira sei mwana wako kuti ade kuverenga?
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mudzidzo muenzaniso! Mwana anobereka maitiro edu
Kana isu takabatikana pamidziyo yemagetsi kana kuona TV, kashoma kuti averenge. Uye hazvina maturo kumuudza kuti: “Ndapota verenga bhuku, apo ndinenge ndichiona TV.” Izvi zvinoshamisa. Ndinofunga kana vabereki vose vachiverenga nguva dzose, ipapo mwana achabva afarira kuverenga.
Mukuwedzera, isu tinorarama munguva yemashiripiti, zvinyorwa zvevana zvakanakisisa zviripo, tine sarudzo huru yemabhuku akaoma kuisa. Unofanira kutenga, edza mabhuku akasiyana. Mwana achanyatsowana bhuku rake uye anonzwisisa kuti kuverenga kunonakidza, kunokura. Mukutaura, panofanira kuva nemabhuku akawanda mumba.
Unofanira kuverenga mabhuku zvinonzwika kusvikira zera ripi?
Ndinofunga unofanira kuverenga kusvika pakufa. Ini handisi kana kutaura nezvevana ikozvino, asi nezve mumwe nemumwe, nezve vaviri. Ndinokurudzira vatengi vangu kuti vaverenge nemumwe wangu. Mufaro mukuru uye imwe yemhando dzakanakisa dzerudo patinoverengera mabhuku akanaka kune mumwe nemumwe.
Nezve nyanzvi
Stanislav Raevsky - Jungian muongorori, mutungamiriri weInstitute for Creative Psychology.
Hurukuro iyi yakanyorerwa purojekiti yakabatana yePsychologies neredhiyo "Culture" "Mamiriro: muhukama", redhiyo "Culture", Mbudzi 2016.