Mukati
Dzimwe nguva tinonzwisisa kuti inguva yekuenderera mberi, asi isu tinotya kushandura chimwe chinhu uye tinozviwana isu pachedu. Kutya kuchinja kunobva kupi?
"Pese pandinozviwana ndiri murufu uye ndinonzwisisa kuti hapana chinoshanduka, zvikonzero zvinogoneka zvinobuda mumusoro mangu nei ndisingafaniri kumusiya. Zvinogumbura vasikana vangu nekuti chandinogona kutaura ndechekuti handina mufaro, asi panguva imwe chete handina zvivindi zvekuenda. Ndane 8 years ndaroorwa, in the last 3 years marriage yave kurwadzisa chose. Chii chiri kunetsa?"
Hurukuro iyi yakandinakidza. Zvakandinetsa kuti sei zvakaoma kuti vanhu vaende, kunyange vasina mufaro zvachose. Ndakazopedza kunyora bhuku pamusoro penyaya iyi. Chikonzero hachisi chekuti mutsika dzedu zvinoonekwa zvakakosha kutsungirira, kuramba uchirwa uye kusakanda mapfumo pasi. Vanhu vakagadzirirwa kuti vasakurumidza kubuda.
Chiripo chiri pamafungiro akasara panhaka kubva kumadzitateguru. Zvakanga zviri nyore kurarama sechikamu chedzinza, saka vanhu vekare, vachitya zvikanganiso zvisingagadzirisiki, havana kutya kurarama vakazvimirira. Mamiriro ekufunga asingazive anoramba achishanda uye achipesvedzera zvisarudzo zvatinoita. Vanotungamira kumagumo akafa. Nzira yekubuda nayo sei? Danho rekutanga nderekuona kuti ndedzipi nzira dzinokanganisa kugona kuita.
Isu tinotya kurasikirwa ne "investments"
Iro zita resainzi rechiitiko ichi ndere kunyura mutengo fallacy. Pfungwa dzinotya kurasikirwa nenguva, simba, mari yatakatoshandisa. Chinzvimbo chakadaro chinoita sechine mwero, chine musoro uye chine mutoro - murume mukuru haafaniri kutora mari yake zvakakomba here?
Chaizvoizvo hazvisi. Zvese zvawakashandisa zvatoenda, uye hauzodzosere iyo «investment». Kukanganisa kwepfungwa uku kuri kukudzosera kumashure - "Ndakatotambisa makore gumi ehupenyu hwangu pawanano iyi, kana ndikaenda izvozvi, nguva yese iyoyo ichaparara!" - uye zvinokutadzisa kufunga nezve izvo zvatingaite mugore, maviri kana mashanu, kana isu tichiri kufunga kubva.
Tinozvinyengera nekuona mafambiro ekuvandudza pasina aripo.
Zvimiro zviviri zvehuropi zvinogona "kutendwa" nekuda kweizvi - tsika yekuona "inoda kuhwina" sekuhwina chaiko uye kuratidzwa kwekusimbisa kwepakati. Zvinhu izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushanduka-shanduka.
“Kupotsa Kuhwina,” fundo dzinoratidzira, kunobetsera kukudziridzika kwokupindwa muropa nekasino nokubhejera. Kana 3 zviratidzo zvakafanana kubva pa4 zvakawira pamushini we slot, izvi hazviwedzere mukana wekuti nguva inotevera ese mana achange akafanana, asi uropi hune chokwadi chekuti zvishoma uye jackpot ichava yedu. Uropi hunoita "kunenge kuhwina" nenzira imwechete sekuhwina chaiko.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi, uropi hunobvuma kune inonzi intermittent reinforcement. Mune kumwe kuedza, chiremba wepfungwa wekuAmerica Burres Skinner akaisa makonzo matatu ane nzara mumakeji ane marevhera. Mukeji yekutanga, imwe neimwe yekutsikirira yerevheti yakapa gonzo chikafu. Gonzo richingoona izvi, rakatanga kuita zvimwe zvinhu ndokukanganwa nezveruzhowa kusvika ranzwa nzara.
Kana zviito zvichipa mhedzisiro dzimwe nguva chete, izvi zvinomutsa kutsungirira kwakakosha uye zvinopa tarisiro isina kufanira.
Mune keji yechipiri, kudzvanya chibatiso hakuna kuita chinhu, uye apo gonzo rakadzidza izvi, rakabva rakanganwa nezve lever. Asi mucheji yechitatu, gonzo, nekutsikirira chitsigiro, dzimwe nguva yakagamuchira chikafu, uye dzimwe nguva kwete. Izvi zvinonzi intermittent reinforcement. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mhuka yacho yakapenga, ichidzvanya chiredzo.
Kusimbisa kwepakati kune mhedzisiro yakafanana pahuropi hwemunhu. Kana zviito zvichipa mhedzisiro dzimwe nguva chete, izvi zvinomutsa kushingirira uye zvinopa tariro isina chikonzero. Zvinonyanya kuitika kuti uropi hunotora imwe nyaya, kuwedzera kukosha kwayo, uye kutiita kuti titende kuti chikamu chemaitiro akazara.
Somuenzaniso, mumwe wawakaroorana naye akamboita sezvawakumbira, uye pakarepo kusava nechokwadi kunopera uye uropi hunodanidzira chaizvoizvo kuti: “Zvinhu zvose zvichanaka! Akava nani." Ipapo mudiwa wacho anotora yekare, uye isu zvakare tinofunga kuti hakuzovi nemhuri inofara, ipapo pasina chikonzero zvachose iye kamwe kamwe anova ane rudo uye ane hanya, uye isu zvakare tinofunga: "Hongu! Zvese zvichabuda! Rudo Runokunda zvose!"
Isu tinotya kurasikirwa yekare kupfuura yatinoda kuwana itsva.
Tese takarongeka. Nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Daniel Kahneman akagamuchira Mubairo weNobel muEconomics kuratidza kuti vanhu vanoita sarudzo dzine njodzi dzinobva pakuda kunzvenga kurasikirwa. Iwe unogona kuzviona semunhu akashuvira daredevil, asi humbowo hwesainzi hunoratidza zvimwe.
Tichiongorora mabhenefiti anobvira, takagadzirira chero chinhu kuti tidzivise kurasikirwa kwakavimbiswa. Mafungiro ekuti “usarasikirwa nezvaunazvo” anokunda nekuti mukatikati mese tinochengetedza. Uye kunyange patinenge tisingafari zvikuru, pane chimwe chinhu chatisingatombodi kurasikirwa nacho, kunyanya kana tisingafungi zvichatimirira mune ramangwana.
Uye chii chiri muuyo? Tichifunga pamusoro pezvatingarasikirwa nazvo, zvinoita sokunge tinoisa ngetani mutsoka dzedu dzine uremu hwemakirogiramu 50. Dzimwe nguva isu pachedu tinova chipingamupinyi chinoda kukurirwa kuti tichinje chimwe chinhu muhupenyu.