Mukati
- Izvo zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve chirwere cheshuga: chinyorwa kubva kune endocrinologist
- Chii chinonzi chirwere cheshuga uye zvine njodzi sei? Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemhando mbiri dzechirwere?
- Nei kufutisa uye chirwere cheshuga chakabatana? Imwe inobata sei imwe?
- Jekiseni jekiseni rinodikanwa riinhi, uye rinodzivirirwa rini?
- Ndechipi chirwere cheshuga chinogona kusangana nevakadzi chete?
- Ndiani ari panjodzi? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kutanga kwechirwere cheshuga?
- Ndeapi miedzo iwe aunofanira kutora kana iwe uchifungidzira chirwere cheshuga mellitus?
- Ko kana nyanzvi ikasimbisa kuongororwa?
- Kune matsva here marapirwo eshuga?
Izvo zvaunoda kuti uzive nezve chirwere cheshuga: chinyorwa kubva kune endocrinologist
Zvakagadziriswa naCanada physiologist Frederick Bunting akachinja chirwere cheshuga kubva kuchirwere chinouraya kuita chirwere chinogadzirika.
Muna 1922, Banting akapa jekiseni rake rekutanga kune mukomana ane chirwere cheshuga uye akaponesa hupenyu hwake. Anenge makore zana apfuura kubva ipapo, uye vesaenzi vakaita fambiro mberi yakakura mukunzwisisa chimiro chechirwere ichi.
Nhasi, vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga - uye kune vangangosvika mamirioni makumi manomwe avo munyika, sekureva kweWHO, - vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakareba uye hunoshanda, chero zvichiratidzwa zvekurapa.
Asi chirwere cheshuga hachirapike, uyezve, chirwere ichi chiri kuramba chichiwedzera kuva chinyowani munguva pfupi yapfuura. Nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi, isu takanyora gwara reshuga revaravi vane Hutano Kuri Pedyo neni, tichiunganidza ruzivo rwakakosha rwunodiwa nemunhu wese, nekuti vazhinji vedu vari panjodzi.
Clinical chipatara "Avicenna", Novosibirsk
Chii chinonzi chirwere cheshuga uye zvine njodzi sei? Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pemhando mbiri dzechirwere?
Chirwere cheshuga mellitus (DM) iboka rezvirwere zvinoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kuwanda kweglucose (inowanzonzi shuga) muropa. Zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara uye kusagadzikana kwenhengo dzakasiyana - maziso, itsvo, tsinga, moyo nemidziyo yeropa.
Rudzi rwechipiri rwechirwere cheshuga mellitus i2% yezviitiko zvese zvechirwere ichi.
Mune yakasarudzika vhezheni, rudzi urwu rwechirwere cheshuga runoitika mune vakawandisa vanhu vakuru vane zvinowirirana nezvirwere zvemoyo. Asi nguva pfupi yadarika, endocrinologists pasi rese anga achiona maitiro "ekumutsiridza" kusagadzikana uku.
Type 1 chirwere cheshuga mellitus inokura zvakanyanya muhucheche kana kuyaruka uye inoonekwa nekutanga kwakasimba kwechirwere, kazhinji kuchida kuiswa muchipatara.
Musiyano mukuru pakati pekutanga uye wechipiri marudzi eshuga ndiko kuvapo kana kusavapo kweicho insulin. Insulin ihormone inogadzirwa nepancreas mukupindura kuwedzera kweshuga yeropa.
Semuenzaniso, kana munhu akadya apuro, makabhohaidhiretsi akaomarara anodonhedzwa munzira yekugaya kusvika kune mashuga mashoma uye anopinza muropa. Chikamu cheshuga cheropa chinotanga kukwira - ichi chinova chiratidzo chepancreas kuburitsa iyo chaiyo muyero we insulin, uye mushure memaminetsi mashoma huwandu hweshuga yeropa hunodzokera pane zvakajairwa. Ndokutenda kune ino mashandiro kuti mumunhu asina chirwere cheshuga mellitus uye chero kushushikana kwehydrohydrate metabolism, iro ropa reruglucose mwero rinogara richijairika, kunyangwe kana achidya zviwitsi zvakawanda. Ini ndaidya zvakanyanya - rwatata rwakagadzira yakawanda insulin.
Kufutisa uye kufutisa zvakanyanya njodzi dzekukudziridza mhando 2 chirwere cheshuga. Kuiswa kwemafuta padumbu kune ngozi zvakanyanya. Ichi chiratidzo che visceral (zvemukati) kufutisa, uko kunokonzera insulin kudzvinyirira - chinonyanya kukonzera chirwere cheshuga 2. Kune rimwe divi, kuonda kwechirwere cheshuga kunogona kuoma zvakanyanya, nekuti chirwere ichi chinokonzeresa shanduko yakazara yemakemikari shanduko mumuviri. izvo zvakabatana zvakanyanya kune mumwe nemumwe. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kunanga kurapwa kwete chete kuenzanisa shuga yeropa, asiwo kudzikisa huremu.
Jekiseni jekiseni rinodikanwa riinhi, uye rinodzivirirwa rini?
Mune mhando 1 chirwere cheshuga, masero ari mupancreas anoburitsa insulin anoparadzwa. Muviri hauna insulini yawo wega, uye hapana nzira yechisikigo yekudzikisa shuga yakakwira muropa. Muchiitiko ichi, insulin kurapwa inodikanwa (kuiswa kwe insulin uchishandisa akakosha madivayiri, sirinji peni kana mapampu e insulin).
Anenge makore zana apfuura, kusati kwagadzirwa kwe insulini, tarisiro yeupenyu yevarwere vane mhando 100 yeshuga yakaenzana kubva pamwedzi yakati wandei kusvika pamakore 1-2 mushure mekutanga kwechirwere. Mazuva ano, mushonga wemazuva ano haubvumidze kwete chete kuwedzera hurefu hwehupenyu hwevarwere, asiwo kubvisa zvinorambidzwa zvakanyanya kwavari.
Nerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, huwandu hwayo insulini haina kudzikiswa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyangwe kupfuura zvakajairwa, asi haigone kushanda nemazvo. Kazhinji kazhinji izvi zvinoitika nekuda kwekuderera kwekunzwa kwemaseru emuviri kune ino hormone, insulin kudzvinyirira kunoitika. Naizvozvo, kurapwa kwerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga kwakavakirwa pane isiri-insulin kurapa - piritsi uye jekiseni zvinodhaka, zvine chinangwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pakuita kuti insulin yako ibudirire.
Ndechipi chirwere cheshuga chinogona kusangana nevakadzi chete?
Imwe mhando yakajairika yeshuga mellitus ndeye gestational chirwere cheshuga mellitus. Uku kuwedzera kweshuga yeropa panguva yekuzvitakura, iyo inogona kuperekedzwa nematambudziko kune ese ari mudumbu nemukadzi. Kuti uongorore chirwere ichi, vakadzi vese vane nhumbu vanoyedzwa kutsanya glucose muropa pakutanga kwekuzvitakura uye bvunzo yeglucose inoitiswa pamasvondo makumi maviri nemana makumi maviri nemana ekuzvitakura. Kana kukanganisika kukaonekwa, gynecologist inotumira murwere kunobvunzana neye endocrinologist kugadzirisa nyaya yekurapa.
Imwe gynecological kuongororwa inosanganisirwa nerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga ndeye polycystic ovary syndrome, iyo, senge rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, zvakare yakavakirwa pakurwisa insulin. Naizvozvo, kana mukadzi akacherechedzwa neiyi diagnostic neyechikadzi, zvakakosha kusabvisa chirwere cheshuga uye prediabetes.
Kune zvakare "mamwe marudzi chaiwo echirwere cheshuga" anomuka pakatarisana nehumwe hutachiona, kutora mishonga uye semhedzisiro yekuremara kwemajini, asi zvinoverengeka iwo ari mashoma.
Ndiani ari panjodzi? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kutanga kwechirwere cheshuga?
Chirwere cheshuga mellitus chirwere chine nhaka yekugara nhaka, kureva kuti, mukana wekurwara wakakwira kune avo vane hama dzepedyo dzinotambura nechirwere ichi. Semuenzaniso, mukana wemwana ari kukura rudzi rwekutanga chirwere cheshuga i1% kana baba vake vaine chirwere, 6% - muna amai, uye 2-30% kana vese vabereki vane chirwere cheshuga chekutanga.
Zvisinei, kana mhuri isina chirwere cheshuga, izvi hazvingavimbisi kudzivirira kubva kuchirwere. Iko hakuna nzira dzekudzivirira mhando 1 chirwere cheshuga.
Yerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, nyanzvi dzinoona zvinogara zvine njodzi izvo zvatisingakwanise kukanganisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira: zera rinopfuura makore makumi mana nemashanu, kuvapo kwehama dzine rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga, gestational chirwere cheshuga munguva yakapfuura (kana kuberekwa kwevana vanorema anopfuura 2 kg).
Uye zvinoshanduka zvine njodzi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kufutisa kana kufutisa, kugara uchirovedza muviri, kukwirisa kweropa uye cholesterol yakawanda. Mukuita, izvi zvinoreva kuti kudzikisira huremu hwemuviri uye kuomarara kweropa kunogona kudzora njodzi yekukudziridza mhando yechirwere cheshuga.
Ndeapi miedzo iwe aunofanira kutora kana iwe uchifungidzira chirwere cheshuga mellitus?
Kuti usimbise kuongororwa, iwe unofanirwa kutora bvunzo yeglucose yeropa. Iyo yakajairwa chiratidzo ichave iri yeropa glucose level isingasviki 6,1 mmol / L kana iwe ukapa ropa kubva mutsinga uye isingasvike 5,6 mmol / L kana iwe ukapa ropa kubva pachigunwe.
Iwe unogona zvakare kuona iyo mwero we glycosylated hemoglobin muropa, iyo icharatidza huwandu hwepakati yeglucose level pamwedzi mitatu yekupedzisira. Kana iwe uine zvitsauko mune izvi parameter, bata endocrinologist, iye achaitisa imwe yekuwedzera bvunzo uye nekupa inodiwa kurapwa.
Ko kana nyanzvi ikasimbisa kuongororwa?
Kana iwe watove uine chirwere cheshuga mellitus, haufanirwe kutya, asi iwe unofanirwa kunyatso fungisisa izvi, uye chinhu chekutanga kuita kutsvaga endocrinologist waucharamba uchiongororwa naye. Pakutanga kwechirwere, chiremba achasarudza rudzi rwechirwere cheshuga mellitus, huwandu hwe insulin insulini, kuvapo kwematambudziko kana chirwere chinosangana nechirwere cheshuga uye achapa kurapwa kwakakodzera.
Pamusoro pekurapwa kwezvinodhaka, zvinovaka muviri uye nenyaya dzezvekuita zvemuviri zvinokurukurwa neyemugumo wezvemamiriro ekunze, uyo anobatsira pakurapa chirwere cheshuga mellitus. Pamba, kuzviongorora kweropa glucose kunoitwa nemushonga unokosha - glucometer, kuti uongorore kushanda kwemitemo. Iwe unofanirwa kushanyira endocrinologist kamwe chete pamwedzi 1-3, zvichienderana nemamiriro echirwere, uku uchichengeta shuga yeropa mune zvakajairwa tsika, kushanya kushoma kwachiremba kunodiwa.
Kune matsva here marapirwo eshuga?
Kunyangwe makore gumi apfuura, rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga chaionekwa sechirwere chinopfuurira, ndiko kuti, nekudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, kukura kwematambudziko; kazhinji zvaitungamira kuhurema. Ikozvino kune mapoka matsva emishonga anonyatsogadzirisa glucose yeropa uye anoderedza njodzi yezvinetso.
Metabolic kuvhiyiwa rudzi rwekuvhiya padumbu uye mudumbu ura, izvo zvinotungamira mukuchinja kwekudya uye kugadzirwa kwemamwe mahormone nema enzymes, ayo anotendera iwe kuti uderedze uremu uye kugadzirisa shuga yeropa.
Kuregererwa kwerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga kunoitika mu2-50%, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuvhiya kunoitwa. Parizvino, kurapwa kwekuvhiya ndiyo nzira inoshanda kwazvo yekurapa chirwere cheshuga mellitus. Chiratidzo chekuvhiyiwa kwemetaboli yerudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga ndeye body mass index (BMI) inopfuura 80 kg / m2 kana kusakwanisika kwekugadzirisa chirwere cheshuga nemushonga uye neBMI ye35-2 kg / m30.