Nei tichifanira kurega kusundira vana

Apo muna 1971 ndakaunza kumba mamakisi okutanga echikoro netsinhiro dzomudzidzisi, amai vangu vanofanira kuva vakafara kuziva kuti, nokuda kwezera ravo, mwanasikana wavo akanga ari “kugona kurava.” Asi ndine chokwadi chekuti haana kuzvitora sekukodzera kwake. Saka nei, papera makore 35, pandakavhura dhayari remwanasikana wangu Lily, ndakatadza kudzora mufaro wangu? Zvakaitika sei kuti ini, kufanana nemamiriyoni evamwe vabereki, nditange kunzwa ndine mhosva yekubudirira kwemwana wangu?

Zvinoita sokuti nhasi dzidzo yevana inotanga kubva panguva yavanenge vari mudumbu. Vari ikoko, vanofanira kuteerera mimhanzi yekare. Kubva pavanenge vazvarwa, zvidzidzo zvinotanga: makadhi kusvika maziso avo anyatsokura, zvidzidzo zvemutauro wemasaini vasati vataura, zvidzidzo zvekutuhwina vasati vagona kufamba.

Paiva nevabereki vaikoshesa kurera vana panguva yaMai Bennet muna Pride and Prejudice, asi kare ikako dambudziko raiva rokurera mwana ane hunhu hwairatidza kuti mubereki ari munzanga. Nhasi, mabasa evabereki akawanda zvikuru. Kare, mwana ane tarenda aionekwa se "chipo chaMwari." Asi kwakauya Sigmund Freud, uyo akataura kuti vabereki vanopesvedzera zvakananga kukura kwevana - zvirinani mune zvepfungwa. Ipapo muongorori wepfungwa wekuSwitzerland Jean Piaget akauya nepfungwa yekuti vana vanopinda mune mamwe matanho ekukura uye vanogona kutorwa se "masayendisiti madiki".

Asi huswa hwekupedzisira kuvabereki vazhinji ndiko kusikwa pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II yezvikoro zvakakosha kudzidzisa 25% yevana vane tarenda. Pashure pezvose, kana kuenda kuchikoro chakadaro kwakavimbisa vana vavo ramangwana rakajeka, vaizorega sei mukana wakadaro? "Sei kuita mwana akangwara?" - mubvunzo wakadaro wakatanga kuzvibvunza nhamba inowedzera yevabereki. Vakawanda vakawana mhinduro yacho mubhuku "Sei kudzidzisa mwana kuverenga?", rakanyorwa neAmerican physiotherapist Glenn Doman muna 1963.

Kubva pakudzidza kwake kudzoreredzwa kwevana vakakuvadzwa uropi, Doman akatanga dzidziso yokuti uropi hwomwana hunokura nokukurumidza zvikuru mugore rokutanga roupenyu. Uye izvi, mumaonero ake, zvaireva kuti unofanira kushingaira kuita nevana kusvikira vasvika makore matatu. Mukuwedzera, akataura kuti vana vanoberekwa vaine nyota yezivo zvokuti inokunda zvimwe zvose zvinodiwa zvomuzvarirwo. Pasinei nokuti masayendisiti mashomanana chete akatsigira dzidziso yake, mamiriyoni mashanu makopi ebhuku rinonzi «How to kudzidzisa mwana kuverenga», rakashandurirwa mumitauro 5, akatengeswa munyika yose.

Iyo fashoni yedzidzo yepakutanga yevana yakatanga kukura zvakasimba muma1970, asi pakutanga kwema1980, nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzakacherechedza kuwedzera kwenhamba yevana vari mumamiriro ekushungurudzika. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, huduku hwakagadziriswa nezvinhu zvitatu: kuzvidya mwoyo, kushanda nguva dzose iwe pachako uye kukwikwidzana nevamwe vana.

Mabhuku ekurera vana haachanyanyonangana nekudyisa nekuchengeta mwana. Nyaya yavo huru yaive nzira dzekuwedzera IQ yechizvarwa chidiki. Imwe yezvakanyanya kutengeswa ndeye Marererwo Emwana Akangwara? - kunyange yakavimbisa kuwedzera iyo ne 30 points kana iine kunyatsoteerera kune mazano emunyori. Doman yakakundikana kugadzira chizvarwa chitsva chevaverengi, asi yakaratidza kuti kunetseka kwevabereki kunogona kushandurwa kuita mari yakaoma.

Izvo zvakanyanya kusanzwisisika dzidziso dzakava, zvakanyanya kupikisa kwevasainzi vaipokana kuti vatengesi vakavhiringa neuroscience - kudzidza kwetsinga system - ne psychology.

Zvaiva mumamiriro ezvinhu aya kuti ndakaisa mwana wangu wokutanga kuona katuni «Baby Einstein» (katuni dzidzo vana kubva mwedzi mitatu. - Approx. ed.). Pfungwa yehungwaru yaifanira kunge yakandiudza kuti izvi zvaingogona kumubatsira kurara, asi sevamwe vabereki, ndakabatisisa pfungwa yokuti ndini ndini ndakakonzera ramangwana renjere dzemwanasikana wangu.

Mumakore mashanu kubva pakatangwa Baby Einstein, mhuri imwe chete pavana vekuAmerica yakatenga kosi yevhidhiyo yekudzidzisa vana. Pakazosvika 2006, muAmerica chete, mhando yeBaby Einstein yakanga yawana mamiriyoni mazana mashanu nemakumi mana emadhora isati yatorwa neDisney.

Zvisinei, matambudziko ekutanga akaonekwa paari. Kumwe kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti anonzi mavhidhiyo edzidzo anowanzovhiringidza kukura kwakanaka kwevana panzvimbo pokukurumidzisa. Nekukwira kwekutsoropodza, Disney akatanga kugamuchira zvakadzorerwa.

The «Mozart effect» (pesvedzero yemimhanzi yaMozart pauropi hwemunhu. - Approx. ed.) haichadzoreki: vacheche vasati vaziva kudzora muviri vanomanikidzwa kuridza piyano yevana mumakona akashongedzerwa zvakanyanya. Kunyange zvinhu zvakaita setambo yokusvetuka zvinouya nemwenje yakavakirwa mukati kuti ubatsire mwana wako kuyeuka nhamba.

Mazhinji masayendisiti ezveuropi anobvuma kuti tarisiro yedu yematoyi edzidzo nemavhidhiyo zvakanyanyisa, kana zvisina hwaro. Sainzi yakasundirwa kumuganhu pakati perabhoritari nepuraimari. Mbeu dzechokwadi munyaya iyi yose dzakashandurwa kuva manyuko akavimbika emari.

Hakusati kuri bedzi kuti matoyi edzidzo haaiti kuti mwana ave akachenjera, anonyima vana mukana wokudzidza unyanzvi hunokosha hunogona kuwanwa mukati mokutamba kwenguva dzose. Zvechokwadi, hapana ari kuti vana vanofanira kusiiwa vari voga muimba ine rima pasina mukana wekukura kwepfungwa, asi kuvamanikidza kusina kukodzera hazvirevi kuti vachave vakachenjera.

Nyanzvi yeruzivo rwetsinga uye mamolecular biologist John Medina anotsanangura kuti: “Kuwedzera kunetseka pakudzidza uye kutamba hakuna zvakunobatsira: kana ma<em>hormone e<em>dzvinyiriro akawanda anoparadza uropi hwomwana, kashoma kuti abudirire.”

Hapana imwe ndima yakakwanisa kushandisa kusava nechokwadi kwevabereki pamwe chete nendima yedzidzo yega. Chizvarwa chapfuura, zvidzidzo zvekuwedzera zvaingowanikwa kuvana vakanga vari kusarira shure kana kuti vaifanira kudzidza bvunzo. Iye zvino, maererano neongororo yakaitwa nesangano rinobatsira redzidzo reSutton Trust, chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvina chevana vechikoro, pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvekumanikidzirwa, vanodzidza nevadzidzisi.

Vabereki vakawanda vanosvika pamhedziso yokuti kana mwana asingavimbiki akadzidziswa nomudzidzisi asina kugadzirira, muuyo wacho ungava kumwe kuwedzera kwechinetso chendangariro.

Panzvimbo pekugadzira nyika ye geeks, tinoita kuti vana vaore mwoyo uye vatye. Panzvimbo pokuvabetsera kuita zvakanaka muchikoro, dzvinyiriro yakanyanyisa inotungamirira kukuzviremekedza kwakaderera, kurasikirwa nechishuvo chokuverenga nesvomhu, zvinetso zvokurara, uye ukama husina kunaka navabereki.

Vabereki vakawanda havasati vaziva kuti zvinetso zvakawanda zvetsika zvinokonzerwa nedzvinyiriro yavana vavo. Vana vanonzwa kuti vanodiwa chete nokuda kwekubudirira kwavo, uye ipapo vanotanga kubva kure nevabereki vavo vachitya kuvaodza mwoyo. Havasi vabereki chete vane mhosva. Vanofanira kurera vana vavo mumamiriro ezvinhu emakwikwi, dzvinyiriro inobva kuhurumende uye zvikoro zvinoomerwa nechinzvimbo. Saka vabereki vanogara vachitya kuti zvavanoita hazvina kukwana kuti vana vavo vabudirire pavanenge vakura.

Zvisinei, nguva yasvika yokuti vana vadzokere pauduku husina makore. Tinofanira kumira kurera vana nepfungwa yekuti vanofanira kunge vari shasha mukirasi uye kuti chikoro chavo nenyika zvinofanirwa kuiswa pamusoro pezvirongwa zvedzidzo. Chekupedzisira, chiyero chikuru chebudiriro yevabereki chinofanirwa kunge chiri mufaro nekuchengetedzeka kwevana, kwete mamakisi avo.