Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti makwenzi ese, mizambiringa nemiti inotitenderedza inoita basa rakakosha mukutora kabhoni yakawandisa kubva mumhepo. Asi pane imwe nguva, zvirimwa zvinogona kutora kabhoni yakawanda zvekuti ruoko rwavo rwekubatsira mukurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze runotanga kuderera. Izvi zvichaitika rini chaizvo? Masayendisiti ari kuedza kuwana mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu.
Kubva pakatanga Revolution Yemaindasitiri mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, huwandu hwekabhoni mumhepo inokonzereswa nemabasa evanhu hwawedzera. Kushandisa makombiyuta emakombiyuta, vanyori, vakabudiswa muTrends in Plant Science, vakawana kuti panguva imwecheteyo, photosynthesis yakawedzera ne30%.
“Zvakafanana nemwaranzi yechiedza mudenga rakasviba,” anodaro Lukas Chernusak, munyori wezvidzidzo uye nyanzvi yezvemagariro ezvisikwa paJames Cook University kuAustralia.
Zvakasarudzwa sei?
Chernusak uye vaaishanda navo vakashandisa data kubva kuzvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza kubva muna 2017, iyo yakayera carbonyl sulfide inowanikwa mu ice cores uye masampuli emhepo. Pamusoro pecarbon dioxide, zvirimwa zvinotora carbonyl sulfide panguva yazvo yakasikwa kabhoni cycle uye izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa kuyera photosynthesis pasi rose.
“Zvirimwa zvepavhu zvinotora chikamu che29% chehutsi hwedu, izvo zvaizoita kuti mumhepo igare CO2. Ongororo yemodhi yedu yakaratidza kuti basa repasi pasi photosynthesis mukutyaira iyi nzira yekabhoni sequestration rakakura kupfuura mamwe akawanda mamodheru akataurwa, "Chernusak anodaro.
Asi mamwe masayendisiti haana chokwadi nezvekushandisa carbonyl sulfide senzira yekuyera photosynthesis.
Kerry Sendall inyanzvi yezvipenyu paGeorgia Southern University anodzidza makura zvirimwa pasi pemamiriro akasiyana emamiriro ekunze.
Nekuti carbonyl sulfide inotorwa nemiti inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwechiedza chavanowana, Sendall anoti mhedzisiro yeongororo "inogona kunge yakawandisa," asi zvakare anoti nzira zhinji dzekuyera pasi rose photosynthesis dzine imwe nhanho yekusagadzikana.
Yakasvibira uye yakakora
Pasinei nokuti photosynthesis yakawedzera zvakadini, masayendisiti anobvuma kuti kabhoni yakawandisa inoshanda sefetireza yezvirimwa, zvichiita kuti ikure nokukurumidza.
"Pane humbowo hwekuti mashizha emiti aita denser uye huni dzakaoma," anodaro Cernusak.
Masayendisiti kubva kuOak Ride National Laboratory akacherekedzawo kuti kana zvinomera zvichiratidzwa kune yakawedzera mazinga e CO2, saizi yepore pamashizha inowedzera.
Sendall, muzvidzidzo zvake zvekuyedza, akafumura zvidyarwa zvakapetwa kaviri huwandu hwekabhoni dhaikisaidhi dzavanowanzo kugamuchira. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, maererano nekucherechedza kwaSendall, kuumbwa kwemashizha emashizha akachinja nenzira yekuti zvakava zvakaoma kuti herbivores azvidye.
Iyo yekumisikidza poindi
Chiyero che CO2 mumhepo chiri kukwira, uye zvinotarisirwa kuti pakupedzisira zvinomera hazvizokwanisi kurarama nazvo.
"Mhinduro yekabhoni inonyura mukuwedzera kwemuchadenga CO2 inoramba iri yekusagadzikana kukuru mune yepasi rose kabhoni cycle modelling kusvika parizvino, uye iri mutyairi mukuru wekusava nechokwadi mukufungidzira kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze," Oak Ride National Laboratory inonyora pawebhusaiti yayo.
Kucheneswa kwevhu kurima kana kurima uye kuburitswa kwemafuta efossil kune kukanganisa kukuru pakutenderera kwekabhoni. Vesainzi vane chokwadi chekuti kana vanhu vakasamira kuita izvi, kupenengura hakudzivisiki.
"Kuwedzera kabhoni kubudiswa kuchavharirwa mumhepo, kuisa pfungwa kuchawedzera nokukurumidza, uye panguva imwe chete, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kuchaitika nokukurumidza," anodaro Daniel Way, nyanzvi yezvemagariro ezvisikwa paWestern University.
Chii chatingaita?
Masayendisiti epaYunivhesiti yeI Illinois neDhipatimendi Rezvekurima vari kuyedza nzira dzekugadzirisa zvirimwa kuti vakwanise kuchengetedza kabhoni yakawanda. Enzyme inonzi rubisco ine basa rekutora CO2 yephotosynthesis, uye masayendisiti anoda kuita kuti inyatsoshanda.
Miedzo ichangoburwa yezvirimwa zvakagadziridzwa yakaratidza kuti kusimudzira kunaka kwerubisco kunowedzera goho neanenge 40%, asi kushandisa enzyme yakagadziridzwa yemiti pane yakakura yekutengesa inogona kutora makore anopfuura gumi. Kusvika pari zvino, ongororo dzakangoitwa pazvirimwa zvakajairika sefodya, uye hazvisi pachena kuti rubisco ichashandura sei miti inotora kabhoni yakawanda.
MunaGunyana 2018, mapoka ezvemhoteredzo akasangana muSan Francisco kugadzira chirongwa chekuchengetedza masango, ayo anoti "ndiyo mhinduro yakakanganwika yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze."
"Ini ndinofunga vagadziri vemitemo vanofanirwa kupindura kune zvatakawana nekuziva kuti iyo terrestrial biosphere parizvino inoshanda seyakanaka kabhoni kunyura," anodaro Cernusak. "Chinhu chekutanga kuita kutora matanho nekukurumidza kuchengetedza masango kuitira kuti varambe vachitora kabhoni uye vatange kushanda nekukasira kusvibisa chikamu chesimba."