Mukati
Zuva reWorld TB Day rinopembererwa riini muna 2023?
Zuva reWorld TB Day 2023 rasvika March 24. Zuva rakatarwa. Hazvionekwi sezuva dzvuku rekarenda, asi rinoita basa rinokosha pakuzivisa nzanga pamusoro pekuipa kwechirwere ichi uye kudiwa kwekuchirwisa.
nhoroondo yezororo
Muna 1982, WHO yakatanga Zuva reWorld Tuberculosis. Zuva rechiitiko ichi harina kusarudzwa netsaona.
Muna 1882, muGermany microbiologist Robert Koch akacherechedza causative agent yetibhii, iyo yainzi Koch's bacillus. Zvakatora makore gumi nemanomwe ekutsvagisa marabhoritari, izvo zvakaita kuti zvibvire kutora danho rekufambira mberi mukunzwisisa chimiro chechirwere ichi uye kuona nzira dzekurapa kwacho. Uye muna 17, yekutanga tibhii dispensary yakavhurwa.
Muna 1890, Robert Koch akagamuchira chidimbu chetsika dzechirwere chetachiona - tuberculin. Pamusangano wezvokurapa, akazivisa kudzivirira uye, zvichida, kurapa kwe tuberculin. Miedzo yakaitwa pamhuka dzekuedza, uyewo paari nemubatsiri wake, uyo, nenzira, akazova mudzimai wake.
Kutenda kune izvi uye zvimwe zvakawanikwa, muna 1921, mwana achangoberekwa akabayiwa neBCG kekutanga. Izvi zvakashanda sekudzikisira zvishoma nezvishoma muzvirwere zvakawanda uye kukura kwekudzivirira kwenguva refu kwechirwere chetachiona.
Pasinei nekubudirira kukuru mukuona uye kurapwa kwechirwere ichi, ichiri chimwe chezvirwere zvine ngozi zvinoda kurapwa kwakakomba uye kwenguva refu, pamwe nekutanga kuongororwa.
Tsika dzemazororo
PaZuva reTB 2023, zviitiko zvakavhurika zvinoitwa munyika Yedu mumakiriniki nezvipatara, uko vanhu vanoziviswa nezvechirwere ichi uye nzira dzekurapa. Masangano ekuzvipira anogovera mapepa nemabhuku ane ruzivo rwakakosha. Misangano inorongwa mumasangano ekurapa uye edzidzo, apo vanotaura nezvekuda kudzivirira chirwere ichi kuitira kuti chisapararire. Makwikwi anoitirwa akanakisa madziro bepanhau, flash mhomho uye kukwidziridzwa.
Chinhu chikuru pamusoro pechirwere
Tuberculosis chirwere chinotapukira chinokonzerwa ne mycobacteria. Kunyanya kune chironda chemapapu, zvishoma kazhinji zvinokwanisika kusangana nekukundwa kwemapfupa emapfupa, majoini, ganda, nhengo dze genitourinary, maziso. Chirwere ichi chakaonekwa kare kare uye chakanyanya kuwanda. Izvi zvinoratidzwa neakawanikwa akasara eStone Age ane tuberculous shanduko mumapfupa emapfupa. Hippocrates akarondedzerawo maitiro epamusoro echirwere ane pulmonary hemorrhages, kuneta kwakanyanya kwemuviri, kukosora uye kusunungurwa kwehuwandu hwe sputum, uye kudhakwa kwakanyanya.
Sezvo tibhii, iyo munguva dzekare yainzi kudyiwa, ichipararira, kwakanga kune mutemo muBhabhironi waikubvumidza kurambana nomudzimai anorwara uyo akabatira pulmonary tuberculosis. MuIndia, mutemo waida kushuma nyaya dzese dzehurwere.
Inoparidzirwa kunyanya nemadonhwe emhepo, asi kune mukana wekutapukirwa kuburikidza nezvinhu zvemurwere, kuburikidza nekudya (mukaka wemhuka inorwara, mazai).
Boka renjodzi rinosanganisira vana vadiki, vakwegura, varwere vane AIDS neutachiona hweHIV. Kana munhu achiwanzosangana ne hypothermia, anogara muimba yakanyorova, isina kupisa, mukana wekuparadzira chirwere zvakare wakakwirira.
Kazhinji tuberculosis haina kuzviratidza mumatanho ekutanga. Nekuonekwa kwezviratidzo zviri pachena, inogona kutokura nesimba uye huru, uye kana pasina kurapwa kwakakodzera uye kwepamusoro, mhedzisiro inouraya haidzivisiki.
Panyaya iyi, kudzivirira kwakanakisisa ndeyekuongorora kwegore negore kwechiremba uye kuongorora fluorographic. Kuchengetedza mararamiro ane hutano, kushanda kwemuviri, kufamba mumhepo yakachena hazvisi zvishoma zvakakosha zvikamu mukudzivirira kwechirwere. Kana vari vana, senzira yekudzivirira, itsika kuti vana vachangoberekwa vabayiwe neBCG kana pasina contraindications, uye gore negore kuita Mantoux reaction kuti vaone chirwere ichi pakutanga.
Zvinhu zvishanu nezvechirwere cherurindi
- Chirwere cherurindi chimwe chezvirwere gumi zviri kutungamira ndufu munyika.
- Maererano neWHO, chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari vepasi vane utachiona hwetibhii, asi chikamu chiduku chete chevanhu ava ndicho chinorwara.
- Kwemakore, bacillus yeKoch yakadzidza kushanduka uye nhasi kune chirwere chetachiona chinopesana nemishonga yakawanda.
- Ichi chirwere chinoparadzwa zvakaoma zvikuru uye kwenguva refu. Zvinotarisirwa kutora mishonga yakawanda panguva imwe chete kwemwedzi mitanhatu, uye mune dzimwe nguva kusvika kumakore maviri. Kazhinji, kuvhiyiwa kunodiwa.
- Purofesa weAmerica Sebastien Gan nechikwata chake vakaona kuti kune mapoka matanhatu ehutachiwana hwehutachiwana, rimwe nerimwe rinozviratidza mune imwe nzvimbo yenyika uye rakasungirirwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Nokudaro, purofesa akasvika kumhedziso yokuti kuti ibudirire kurwisana nechirwere, zvakakosha kugadzira mishonga yekudzivirira kune rimwe nerimwe remapoka anozivikanwa ematambudziko.