Avhareji munhu muUK anodya anopfuura 11 mhuka muhupenyu hwavo. Imwe neimwe yemhuka dzinorimwa idzi inoda huwandu hwakakura hwevhu, mafuta uye mvura. Inguva yekufunga kwete pamusoro pedu chete, asiwo nezvezvisikwa zvakatipoteredza. Kana isu tichida chaizvo kuderedza kukanganisa kwevanhu pane zvakatipoteredza, nzira iri nyore (uye yakachipa) yekuita izvi ndeyekudya nyama shoma.
Nyama yemombe nehuku patafura yako imarara anoshamisa, kutambisa nyika uye zviwanikwa zvesimba, kuparadzwa kwemasango, kusvibiswa kwemakungwa, makungwa nenzizi. Kuberekesa mhuka pachiyero cheindasitiri nhasi kunozivikanwa neUN sechikonzero chikuru chekusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinotungamira kune boka rese rezvakatipoteredza uye kungori matambudziko evanhu. Mumakore makumi mashanu anotevera, huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose huchasvika 50 bhiriyoni, uye ipapo isu tichangofanira kufunga zvakare maitiro edu kune nyama. Saka, hezvino zvikonzero gumi zvekufunga nezvazvo kare.
1. Kudziya panyika
Munhu paavhareji anodya matani 230 enyama pagore: kaviri kupfuura makore makumi matatu apfuura. Kuwedzera huwandu hwechikafu nemvura hunodiwa kugadzira huwandu hwakakura hwehuku, nyama yemombe uye yenguruve. Uye zvakare makomo emarara… Yatova chokwadi chinogamuchirwa nevanhu vakawanda kuti indasitiri yenyama inoburitsa mhepo huru yeCO30 mumhepo.
Maererano neshumo inoshamisa ya2006 yeUnited Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), zvipfuyo zvinotora chikamu che18% chekubuda kwegasi rinokonzerwa nevanhu, kupfuura nzira dzese dzekutakura dzasanganiswa. Izvi zvinobuda zvakabatana, kutanga, nemaitiro ekurima ekurima ekukura kwekudya: kushandiswa kwefetereza nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, midziyo yemumunda, kudiridza, kufambisa, zvichingodaro.
Kukura kwemafuro kunobatanidzwa kwete chete nekushandiswa kwesimba, asiwo nekuparadzwa kwemasango: 60% yemasango akaparadzwa muna 2000-2005 muAmazon River basin, iyo, pane zvinopesana, inogona kutora carbon dioxide kubva mumhepo, yakatemwa kumafuro. zvasara - zvekudyara soya beans nechibage chekudya chezvipfuyo. Uye mombe, dziri kudyiswa, dzinobudisa, toti, methane. Mhou imwe chete masikati inobudisa marita 500 emethane, iyo greenhouse effect yakakwira neka23 kupfuura carbon dioxide. Zvipfuyo zvakaoma zvinogadzira 65% ye nitrous oxide emissions, iyo yakakwira kaviri kupfuura CO2 maererano negreenhouse effect, kunyanya kubva mufudze.
Maererano nenzvero yakaitwa gore rakapera muJapan, yakaenzana ne4550 kg ye<em>carbon dioxide inopinda mumhepo yakatenderedza pasi mukati menguva youpenyu hwemhou imwe (ndiko kuti, nhambo yenguva inosunungurwa kwairi kupfurikidza nokuchengeta zvipfuwo mumaindasitiri). Mombe iyi, pamwe nevamwe vayo, zvino inoda kutakurwa kuenda kunourayirwa, izvo zvinoreva kuti carbon dioxide inobuda ine chekuita nekushanda kwedzimba dzekuuraya nekugadzira nyama, zvekufambisa uye nechando. Kuderedza kana kubvisa kudyiwa kwenyama kunogona kuita basa rakakosha mukurwisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Nomuzvarirwo, kudya kwezvinomera ndiko kunonyanya kushanda panyaya iyi: kunogona kuderedza chikafu chine chekuita negreenhouse gasi kubuda netani nehafu pamunhu pagore.
Iyo yekupedzisa kubata: iyo nhamba ye18% yakagadziridzwa muna 2009 kusvika 51%.
2. Uye Nyika yese haina kukwana ...
Huwandu hwevanhu vari pasi pano huchakurumidza kusvika nhamba yevanhu mabhiriyoni matatu ... Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, vari kuyedza kubata Europe maererano netsika dzevatengi - vari kutangawo kudya nyama yakawanda. Kudya nyama kwave kunzi "godmother" yedambudziko rekudya ratiri kuda kutarisana naro, sezvo vanodya nyama vanoda nzvimbo yakawanda kupfuura vanodya miriwo. Kana muBangladesh imwe chete mhuri ine kudya kukuru kuri mupunga, bhinzi, michero nemiriwo, heka imwe yenyika inokwana (kana kuti kunyange zvishoma), ipapo muAmericawo zvake, uyo anodya anenge makirogiramu 3 enyama pagore, anoda zvakapetwa ka270. .
Inosvika zvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana (30%) yenzvimbo isina aizi pari zvino ndiyo inoshandiswa pakuchengeta zvipfuyo - kunyanya kurima chikafu chemhuka idzi. Bhiriyoni rimwe chete revanhu munyika vari kufa nenzara, nepo nhamba huru yezvirimwa zvedu inodyiwa nemhuka. Kubva pakuona kwekushandura simba rinoshandiswa kugadzira chikafu kuti rive simba rakachengetwa muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira, kureva nyama, kupfuya mombe dzemaindasitiri kusashandisa simba zvakanaka. Semuyenzaniso, huku dzinorerwa kuti dziuraye dzinodya 5-11 kg yechikafu pakirogiramu yega yega yehuremu hwadzinosvika. Nguruve paavhareji inoda 8-12 kg yekudya.
Iwe haufanirwe kuve musayendisiti kuverenga: kana zviyo izvi zvikadyiswa kwete kumhuka, asi kune vane nzara, ipapo nhamba yavo pasi pano yaizoderera zvakanyanya. Zvakatoipa zvikuru, kudya uswa nemhuka pose pazvinobvira kwakatungamirira kukukukurwa kukuru kwevhu nemhepo uye, somuuyo, kuva gwenga kwenyika. Kufura kumaodzanyemba kweGreat Britain, mumakomo eNepal, munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeEthiopia, kunokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwevhu rakaorera. Mukururama, zvakakodzera kutaura: munyika dzekuMadokero, mhuka dzinoberekerwa nyama, dzichiedza kuzviita munguva pfupi. Kura uye pakarepo uuraye. Asi munyika dzine urombo, kunyanya muAsia yakaoma, kupfuya mombe kunokosha muupenyu hwevanhu uye tsika dzevanhu. Izvi zvinowanzova ndiyo chete nzvimbo yekudya uye mari yemazana ezviuru zvevanhu mune dzinonzi "nyika dzezvipfuyo". Marudzi aya anogara achingodzungaira, achipa ivhu nezvinomera zviri pariri nguva yekunaya. Chokwadi iyi inzira inonyatso chengetedza zvakatipoteredza uye ine pfungwa yekutarisira, asi isu tine shoma shoma dzakadai nyika "dzakangwara".
3. Kuchengeta mhuka kunoda mvura yekunwa yakawanda
Kudya nyama yenyama yenyama kana yehuku ndiko kudya kusina kunyatsoshanda kana tichitaura nezvemvura inowanika pasi rose. Zvinotora marita 450 emvura kugadzira pondo imwe (inenge magiramu 27) yegorosi. Zvinotora 2 litres emvura kugadzira pondo imwe yenyama. Zvekurima, izvo zvinotora chikamu che500% chemvura yakachena, zvakatopinda mumakwikwi anotyisa nevanhu kutsvaga zviwanikwa zvemvura. Asi, sezvo kudiwa kwenyama kuchingowedzera, zvinoreva kuti kune dzimwe nyika mvura inenge isingawanike pakunwa. Nyika dzeSaudi Arabia, Libya, Gulf States dzine dambudziko remvura pari zvino dziri kufunga kukwereta mamiriyoni emahekita eminda kuEthiopia nedzimwe nyika kuti dzipe nyika yavo chikafu. Ivo neimwe nzira vane mvura yavo inokwana kune zvavanoda, havagone kuigovana nekurima.
4. Kunyangarika kwemasango panyika
Iyo huru uye inotyisa bhizinesi rekurima rave kutendeukira kusango rinonaya kwemakore makumi matatu, kwete chete yematanda, asiwo kune ivhu rinogona kushandiswa kumafuro. Mamirioni emahekita emiti akatemerwa pasi kuti ape mahamburger kuUnited States uye kudyisa mapurazi ezvipfuyo muEurope, China neJapan. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro ichangoburwa, nzvimbo yakaenzana nenharaunda yeLatvia imwe kana maviri maBelgium anocheneswa masango epasi gore rega rega. Uye aya maBelgium maviri - kazhinji - anopiwa kumafuro ezvipfuwo kana kurima zvirimwa kuti zvidye.
5. Kushungurudza Nyika
Mapurazi anoshanda pachiyero cheindasitiri anoburitsa tsvina yakawanda seguta rine vagari varo vakawanda. Pakirogiramu imwe neimwe yemombe, pane makirogiramu makumi mana emarara (manyowa). Uye kana aya zviuru zvemakirogiramu emarara akaiswa munzvimbo imwe chete, mhedzisiro yemhoteredzo inogona kuva inoshamisa kwazvo. Cesspools pedyo nemapurazi ezvipfuyo nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero anowanzofashukira, achibuda kubva kwavari, izvo zvinosvibisa mvura yepasi.
Makumi ezviuru zvemakiromita enzizi muUnited States, Europe neAsia anosvibiswa gore rega rega. Kuteuka kumwe kubva papurazi rezvipfuyo kuNorth Carolina muna 1995 kwakakwana kuuraya hove dzinenge miriyoni gumi uye kuvhara mahekita mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nemana enyika yemahombekombe. Vakaiswa muchetura usina tariro. Huwandu hombe hwemhuka dzakapfuudzwa nevanhu kuti dzingodya chete dzinokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvePasi. Inopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa pasi rose dzakasarudzwa neWorld Wildlife Fund dziri mungozi yokutsakatika nemhaka yetsvina yemhuka dzomumaindasitiri.
6.Kuora kwemakungwa Nhamo chaiyo nekuputika kwemafuta muGulf yeMexico iri kure neyokutanga uye, zvinosuruvarisa, kwete yekupedzisira. "Nzvimbo dzakafa" munzizi nemakungwa zvinoitika kana huwandu hukuru hwemarara emhuka, mapurazi ehuku, tsvina, masara efetereza anowira mavari. Vanotora okisijeni kubva mumvura - kusvika pamwero wekuti hapana chinogona kurarama mumvura iyi. Iye zvino kune anenge 400 "nzvimbo dzakafa" panyika - kubva kune imwe kusvika ku70 zviuru zvemakiromita makiromita.
Kune "nzvimbo dzakafa" muScandinavia fjords uye muSouth China Sea. Hongu, honzeri yenzvimbo idzi haisi zvipfuyo chete - asi ndiyo yekutanga.
7. Kusvibiswa kwemhepo
Avo vane "mhanza" yekugara pedyo nepurazi guru rezvipfuwo vanoziva kuti kunhuhwirira kunotyisa chii. Pamusoro pekubuda kwemethane kubva mhou nenguruve, kune boka rose remamwe magasi anosvibisa mukugadzirwa uku. Zviverengero hazvisati zvavepo, asi zvinenge zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvezvinobuda zvemakomisheni esarufa mumhepo - chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zvekunaya kweasidhi - kunokonzerwawo nekuchengetwa kwemhuka mumaindasitiri. Pamusoro pezvo, kurima kunobatsira mukutetepa kweozone layer.
8. Zvirwere zvakasiyana siyana
Tsvina yemhuka ine zvirwere zvakawanda (salmonella, E. coli). Mukuwedzera, mamiriyoni emapaundi emishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya anowedzerwa pakudya kwemhuka kuti akure. Izvo, zvechokwadi, hazvigone kubatsira vanhu. 9. Kuraswa kwemafuta epasi rose Kugara zvakanaka kwehupfumi hwezvipfuyo zvekuMadokero kwakavakirwa pamafuta. Ndosaka pakaita mhirizhonga yezvekudya munyika makumi maviri nenhatu pasi rose apo mutengo wemafuta wakakwira zvakanyanya muna 23.
Kubatana kwose kweichi cheni yesimba rinogadzira nyama—kubva pakugadzira fetereza yenyika inorimwa zvokudya, kusvika pakupomba mvura kubva munzizi nepanoyerera pasi kusvika kumafuta anodiwa kuendesa nyama kuzvitoro zvikuru—zvose zvinowedzera kumari yakawanda zvikuru. Maererano nezvimwe zvidzidzo, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemafuta anogadzirwa muUS ave kuenda mukugadzira zvipfuyo.
10. Nyama inodhura, nenzira dzakawanda.
Ongororo dzeveruzhinji dzinoratidza kuti chikamu che5-6% chevanhu hachidyi nyama zvachose. Mamwe mamiriyoni mashoma vanhu vanoderedza nemaune uwandu hwenyama yavanodya muzvokudya zvavo, vanoidya nguva nenguva. Muna 2009, takadya nyama yakaderera ne5% pane muna 2005. Nhamba idzi dzakaonekwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuda kwemushandirapamwe wemashoko uri kuitika munyika pamusoro pengozi yekudya-nyama kwehupenyu hwepasi.
Asi zvakakurumidza kufara: muwandu wenyama inodyiwa ichiri kushamisa. Maererano nenhamba dzakapihwa neBritish Vegetarian Society, muvhareji weBritish anodya nyama anodya zvinopfuura mhuka gumi neimwe muhupenyu hwake: hanzi, tsuro imwe, mombe 11, nguruve 4, makwai makumi maviri nematatu, madhadha makumi maviri nemasere, 18 turkeys, huku 23, 28 hove nehove 39.
Vegetarians vakarurama pavanoti: avo vanodya nyama vanowedzera mikana yavo yekubatwa negomarara, chirwere chemwoyo, kurema, uye kuva neburi muhomwe yavo. Zvokudya zvenyama, sekutonga, zvinodhura 2-3 nguva kupfuura kudya kwezvinomera.