Michina yehunyanzvi yekutsvaga nekuchera pasi pegungwa nepanyanza inodarika mazana maviri ematani eblue whale, mhuka hurusa yati yambozivikanwa pasi rose. Michina iyi inoratidzika kunge inotyisa, kunyanya nekuda kwekucheka kwayo kukuru, kwakagadzirirwa kugaya nzvimbo yakaoma.
Sezvo 2019 ichitenderera, marobhoti makuru-anodzora kure anotenderera pasi peGungwa reBismarck kubva pamhenderekedzo yePapua New Guinea, achiitsenga achitsvaga hupfumi hwemhangura negoridhe kuchengetwa kweCanada Nautilus Minerals.
Migodhi yakadzika yegungwa inoedza kudzivirira njodzi dzinodhura dzemhoteredzo nemagariro ezvicherwa. Izvi zvakurudzira boka revagadziri vemitemo uye masayendisiti ekutsvagisa kuti vagadzire mitemo yavanotarisira kuti inogona kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Vakakurudzira kumbomira kutsvaga zvicherwa kudzamara matekinoroji agadzirwa kuti aderedze huwandu hwemvura panguva yekushanda kwepasi pegungwa.
"Tine mukana wekufungisisa zvinhu kubva pakutanga, kuongorora maitiro uye kunzwisisa kuti tingavandudza sei kana kuderedza kukanganisa," anodaro James Hine, musayendisiti mukuru paUSGS. "Ino inofanira kunge iri nguva yekutanga kuti tiswedere pedyo nechinangwa kubva padanho rekutanga."
Nautilus Minerals yakazvipira kutamisa dzimwe mhuka kubva kusango kwenguva yebasa.
"VaNautilus vanoti vanogona kungofambisa zvikamu zveecosystem kubva kune imwe kuenda kune imwe hazvina hwaro hwesainzi. Zvakaoma kana kuti hazvigoneke,” anodaro David Santillo, Senior Research Fellow paYunivhesiti yeExeter kuUK.
Pasi pegungwa rinoita basa rakakosha muBiosphere yePasi - rinoronga tembiricha yepasi rose, rinochengeta kabhoni uye rinopa pekugara kune zvakasiyana siyana zvipenyu. Masayendisiti nevanoongorora zvakatipoteredza vanotya kuti zviito zvinotorwa mumvura yakadzika hazvingourayi zvipenyu zvemugungwa, asi zvinogona kuparadza nzvimbo dzakakura, zvichikonzerwa neruzha uye kusvibiswa kwechiedza.
Zvinosuruvarisa, migodhi yegungwa yakadzika haidzivisiki. Kudiwa kwezvicherwa kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera nekuti kudiwa kwenharembozha, makomputa nemotokari kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Kunyangwe matekinoroji anovimbisa kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta uye kuderedza kuburitswa kunoda kuwanikwa kwezvinhu, kubva kutellurium yemasolar maseru kusvika ku lithium yemotokari dzemagetsi.
Mhangura, zingi, cobalt, manganese pfuma isina kubatwa pazasi pegungwa. Uye zvechokwadi, izvi hazvigone asi kufarira kumakambani emigodhi pasi rese.
Iyo Clariton-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) inzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa migodhi iri pakati peMexico neHawaii. Yakaenzana neinenge kondinendi yose yeUnited States. Maererano nekuverenga, zviri mukati memaminerari zvinosvika anenge 25,2 matani.
Pamusoro pazvo, zvicherwa zvese izvi zviripo padanho repamusoro, uye makambani emigodhi ari kuparadza masango akawanda nemakomo kuti abvise dombo rakaomarara. Saka, kuti aunganidze matani 20 emhangura yemakomo muAndes, matani 50 edombo achada kubviswa. Inenge 7% yehuwandu iyi inogona kuwanikwa yakananga pasi pegungwa.
Pazvibvumirano makumi maviri nezvisere zvetsvakurudzo zvakasainwa neInternational Seabed Authority, iyo inodzora zvicherwa zvepasi pegungwa mumvura dzepasi rose, gumi nematanhatu ndedzemigodhi muCCZ.
Kuchera mugungwa kwakadzika ibasa rinodhura. Nautilus yakatoshandisa mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi masere emadhora uye inoda kuunganidza imwe madhora zana nemakumi mashanu kusvika pamamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu emadhora kuti ienderere mberi.
Basa rakakura riri kuenderera mberi pasi rese rekuongorora sarudzo dzekudzikisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekuchera kwakadzika kwegungwa. MuUnited States, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration yakaita basa rekuongorora uye kugadzira mepu kubva kumahombekombe eHawaii. European Union yakapa mamirioni emadhora kumasangano akaita seMIDAS (Deep Sea Impact Management) neBlue Mining, mubatanidzwa wepasi rose we19 indasitiri nemasangano ekutsvagisa.
Makambani ari kushingairira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva ekuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemugodhi. Semuenzaniso, BluHaptics yakagadzira software inobvumira iro robhoti kuti iwedzere kurongeka kwayo mukunangisa uye kufamba kuitira kuti isakanganise huwandu hwakakura hwepasi pegungwa.
"Isu tinoshandisa chaiyo-nguva yekuzivikanwa kwechinhu uye yekutevera software kubatsira kuona pasi kuburikidza nekunaya kwemvura uye kupera kwemafuta," anodaro BluHaptics CEO Don Pickering.
Muna 2013, chikwata chemasayendisiti chaitungamirirwa napurofesa wezvegungwa paUniversity yeManoa chakakurudzira kuti chikamu chimwe muzvina cheCCZ chiitwe senzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Nyaya iyi haisati yagadziriswa, sezvo inogona kutora makore matatu kusvika mashanu.
Mutungamiriri weDuke University muNorth Carolina, Dr. Cindy Lee Van Dover, anotaura kuti mune dzimwe nzira, vanhu vomugungwa vanogona kupora nokukurumidza.
“Zvisinei, pane caveat,” anowedzera kudaro. “Dambudziko rezvipenyu nderekuti nzvimbo dzekugara idzi hadzina kunyanya kuwanikwa pasi pegungwa, uye dzakasiyana nekuti mhuka idzi dzinojairana nemhando dzemvura. Asi isu hatisi kutaura nezvekumisa kugadzirwa, asi kungofunga nezve maitiro ekuita nemazvo. Iwe unogona kuenzanisa ese aya nharaunda uye kuratidza uko yakanyanya kuwanda kwemhuka kuitira kudzivirira zvachose nzvimbo idzi. Iyi ndiyo nzira inonzwisisika. Ndinotenda kuti tinogona kuvandudza mitemo yezvakatipoteredza inofambira mberi. "