Nhoroondo shoma nezve Psilocybe
Parizvino genus (Psilocybe) ine mhando makumi maviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhando dzeAmerica neAsia hadzina kudzidzwa. Mhuka dzerudzi urwu dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya kumakondinendi ese. Howa dzerudzi saprotrofi. Vanogara pavhu, matavi akafa uye madzinde emiti, anowanikwa pane sawdust, vazhinji vanogara pa sphagnum bogs, peat, uye manyowa. Vanowanikwa musango pane humus yemusango. Humwe howa huzhinji hunogara muvhu rakasviba. Naizvozvo, ivo ndeverudzi rwehelophytic.
Vane zvavanoshandisa. Mune mamwe manyoro ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, ayo anotsanangura tsika yakanyangarika yevaAztec, pane kutaurwa kwetsika dzechiIndia, maererano nekushandisa kwavaiita howa hunokonzera kuona. Hunhu hwehumwe howa hwaizivikanwa nevapristi vechiMaya muMexico yekare, avo vaihushandisa mumitambo yechitendero. Howa uhu hwakadyiwa muCentral America kwenguva yakareba. MaIndia anohuona sehowa hunobva kuna Mwari. Kunyange mifananidzo yematombo yehowa, inoremekedzwa nemaIndia samwari, yakawanikwa.
Zvisinei, vane zvavanoshandisa. Mune mamwe manyoro ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, ayo anotsanangura tsika yakanyangarika yevaAztec, pane kutaurwa kwetsika dzechiIndia, maererano nekushandisa kwavaiita howa hunokonzera kuona. Hunhu hwehumwe howa hwaizivikanwa nevapristi vechiMaya muMexico yekare, avo vaihushandisa mumitambo yechitendero. Howa uhu hwakadyiwa muCentral America kwenguva yakareba. MaIndia anohuona sehowa hunobva kuna Mwari. Kunyange mifananidzo yematombo yehowa, inoremekedzwa nemaIndia samwari, yakawanikwa.
Chinhu chinonzi hallucinogenic chinonzi psilocybin chave chakasarudzika kubva kune howa hweiyo genus. Parizvino, chinhu ichi chakagadzirwa kunze kwenyika uye chinoshandiswa kurapa zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa. Zvisinei, zvinhu psilocybin inova mushonga wehallucinogenic une ngozi kana ukasashandiswa pakurapa, pasina kutariswa nachiremba.
Parizvino psilocybin inowanikwa mune mamwe fungi kubva kune genera paneolus, stropharia, anellaria. Anenge makumi maviri neshanu emarudzi ikozvino anonzi hallucinogenic howa, ayo 25% vamiririri veiyo psilocybe genus, semuenzaniso Psilocybe caerulescens, Psilocybe semilanceata, Psilocybe pelliculosa, Psilocybe cubensis.
asi psilocybin mu hallucinogenic howa pane chimwe chinhu chinewo psychotropic effect - psilocin, yakafanana muchimiro kune psilocybin. Mune howa yejena Stropharia uye Psilocybe, uyewo mune genus Paneolus, indole derivatives (tryptamine, nezvimwewo) yakawanikwa, iyo ine anticoagulant effect pane fibrinogen solutions.