Chii chinonzi spirogyra
Spirogyra ndeimwe yealgae yakadzidzwa zvakanyanya munyika, yakawanikwa mazana maviri emakore apfuura. Inoumbwa nemafilaments asina mabranched (cylindrical cells), inogara mumadziva anodziya, matsva uye ane munyu zvishoma nehova pasi rose, inoita semaumbirwo akaita sedonje anoyangarara pamusoro uye anovhara pasi.
Chii chinokuvadza kuBaikal
Paiva nemvura inopenya, zvino yakasvibira, inonhuwa jelly yegungwa regungwa. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa, iyo yaimbopenya nejecha rakachena, ikozvino yakasviba uye ine machakwi. Kwemakore akati wandei, zvave zvichirambidzwa kushambira pamahombekombe akawanda aimbozivikanwa eLake Baikal nekuda kwengozi yeE. coli mumvura, iyo yakabereka zvakakwana mumvura yakasviba.
Uye zvakare, spirogyra inobvisa endemics (zvipenyu zvinongogara muBaikal - chinyorwa chemunyori): gastropods, Baikal sponges, uye ndivo vanovimbisa kujeka kwegungwa. Inogara munzvimbo dzinoberekera yellowfly goby, chinova chikafu cheBaikal omul. Zvinoita kuti zvisakwanisika kubata hove munzvimbo yemahombekombe. Spirogyra inovhara mahombekombe egungwa nehupamhi hwemvura, inoora, ichiisa chepfu mumvura, zvichiita kuti isakodzere kudyiwa.
Sei spirogyra yakabereka zvakanyanya
Nei algae yakakura zvakadaro, iyo yaimbogara yakanyarara uye murunyararo muhuwandu hwemazuva ose mudhamu uye isingakanganisi chero munhu? Phosphates inoonekwa sechikonzero chikuru chekukura, nekuti spirogyra inodya pavari uye inoshingaira kukura nekuda kwavo. Mukuwedzera, ivo pachavo vanoparadza mamwe ma microorganisms, kuchenesa nzvimbo dze spirogyra. Phosphates ifetiraiza ye spirogyra, iri muhupfu yekuwachisa yakachipa, kugeza hazvibviri pasina iyo, uye vanhu vazhinji havana kugadzirira kutenga poda inodhura.
Maererano nemutungamiriri weLimnological Institute Mikhail Grachev, kune huwandu husingaenzaniswi hwe spirogyra pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, zvivako zvekurapa hazvichenese chero chinhu, mvura yakasviba inoyerera kubva kwavari, munhu wose anoziva izvi, asi hapana chaanoita. Uye kazhinji, nyanzvi dzinotaura nezvekuipa kwemamiriro ekunze akatenderedza dziva, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuraswa kwemarara kubva kune vagari venzvimbo uye vanoenda kuzororo, pamwe nekubuda kubva kumaindasitiri emaindasitiri.
Zvinotaurwa nenyanzvi
Spirogyra pakutanga inokura zvakanaka munzvimbo inodziya, uye muBaikal mvura inotonhora, saka haina kumbomira pakati pezvimwe zvirimwa. Asi, kudya phosphates, inokura zvakanaka mumvura inotonhora, izvi zvinogona kuonekwa neziso rakashama muchirimo, ice ichangobva kunyunguduka, uye yatova kushingaira kutora nzvimbo itsva.
Nzira yekugadzirisa dambudziko inobva pamatanho matatu. Danho rekutanga nderekuvaka zvipatara zvitsva. Yechipiri iri mukucheneswa kwenharaunda yemahombekombe. Kuti uchenese nzvimbo yemvura, haufaniri kuunganidza spirogyra kubva kumusoro, asiwo kubva pasi. Uye iri ibasa rinotora nguva, nekuti rinoda kubvisa masendimita makumi matatu evhu kuitira kuvimbisa kuparadzwa kwayo (spirogyra inowanikwa kubva kumahombekombe uye pasi kusvika pakadzika kwemamita makumi mana). Chechitatu ndiko kurambidzwa kwekudhonza mvura kubva kumichina yekugeza mumvura yeSelenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Turka, Snezhnaya uye Sarma nzizi. Asi, kunyangwe vagari vese vemudunhu reIrkutsk neRepublic yeBuryatia vakaramba hupfu hwakachipa, zvinotora makore akati wandei kudzorera ecosystem yegungwa, yakaumbwa kwemakore mazhinji uye haina hunyanzvi kutenda kuti ichakurumidza. recover.
mhedziso
Vamwe vakuru vakuru vanoti dhamu iri rakakura zvekuti dhaka haringakwanise kurizadza asi mashoko aya anorambwa nemasayendisiti. Vakaongorora pasi uye vakawana kuti pakadzika kwemamita gumi pane yakakura, yakawanda-yakaiswa kuunganidzwa kwe spirogyra. Matunhu ezasi, nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni, anoora, achiburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu, uye anodzika kusvika pakadzika zvakanyanya. Saka, matura ealgae akaora anounganidza muBaikal - inoshanduka kuita gomba hombe recompost.
Gungwa reBaikal rine 20% yenzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura yakachena pasi rose, nepo munhu wechitanhatu wega wega pasi rose achishaya mvura yekunwa. MuRussia, izvi hazvisati zvichikosha, asi munguva yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye njodzi dzinokonzerwa nevanhu, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuchinja. Zvingave zvisizvo kusatarisira chitubu chakakosha, nekuti munhu haagone kurarama asina mvura kwemazuva mashoma. Mukuwedzera, Baikal inzvimbo yezororo yevaRussia vakawanda. Ngatiyeukei kuti dziva ipfuma yenyika inova Russia uye isu tine mutoro wayo.