Ametropia inotsanangurwa nekusavapo kwekupinza mukuona kweziso. Iyo yakanyatsobatanidzwa nekushayikwa kwekutenderera kwemwenje yemwenje pa retina, ine myopia, hyperopia, kana kunyange presbyopia sechikonzero.

Zvikonzero zveametropia kazhinji kukanganisa kweziso uye zvikamu zvaro zvemukati, zvine chekuita nekuremara kana kuchembera pane kurwara. Basa reziso nderechokwadi kuwana kuchinjika kwemwaranzi yechiedza inobva kuzvinhu zvakatikomberedza munzvimbo yepakati. Kana zvese zvakwana, tinotaura nezvazvoemmetropia. THE 'ametropia saka inoratidza kutsauka kwemwaranzi yechiedza.

Uku kutsauka kunobatanidzwa kune maviri parameter. Kune rimwe divi, kutsauka kwemwaranzi yemwenje, kunoitwa ne cornea uye crystalline, maviri biconvex lenzi. Kune rumwe rutivi, kudzika kwechigadziko cheziso. Chinangwa chose ndechekutarisa mwaranzi zvakananga paretina, panzvimbo yayo inonyanya kuoma inonzi the macula, nokuda kweizvi, zvinodikanwa kunyatso shandura danda rekupinza, uye kuva neretina iri kure zvakanaka.

Zvikonzero zvakasiyana zveametropia ndizvo deformations yelens, cornea, kana kudzika kwemboni yeziso.

Pane zviratidzo zvakasiyana zveametropia, pane imwe neimwe nyaya yekusawirirana. Imwe neimwe yadzo inogona kuperekedzwa nezvimwe zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekutadza kuona: musoro, kuonda kwemaziso, kurema kwemaziso.

• Kusaona zvakanaka kubva kure: la myopia

Kana iyo lenzi yeziso inotarisisa maranzi emwenje kare kare, semugumisiro wesimba repokugara yakakura kwazvo, kana ziso rakadzika zvakanyanya, tinotaura nezve myopia. Muchiitiko ichi, ziso rinoona pedyo harizombonyatsoona zvakajeka riri kure, sezvo mwaranzi yezvinhu zviri kure ichange yakatarisa nokukurumidza. Saka mufananidzo wavo uchave wakasviba pa retina.

• Kusaona pedyo: arihyperopia

Kana lenzi yeziso yakatarisisa mwaranzi yechiedza yakanonoka, kana ziso harina kudzika zvakakwana, inonzi ziso re hyperopic. Panguva ino, chiono chiri kure chinogona kuitwa nekugara kushoma kwelenzi, kuitira kutarisa maranzi pane retina. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinhu zviri pedyo hazvizokwanisi kutarisa pane retina. Iyo yekutarisa ichave kuseri kweziso, uye zvakare mufananidzo uri pa retina uchave wakasviba.

• Kuona kwakasvibiswa nezera: La Presbyopia

Somugumisiro wekukwegura kwepanyama kweziso, the crystalline, inotarisira nzvimbo yekugara kweziso uye naizvozvo nokuda kwekupinza kwekuona, zvishoma nezvishoma inorasikirwa nekugadzikana kwayo uye kuoma. Saka zvichave zvakanyanya kuoma, kana zvisingaite, kuita kuti chifananidzo chive pachena kana chiri pedyo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero kazhinji chiratidzo chekutanga che presbyopia ndecheku "svasvavirira" kuti uone zvirinani! Inowanzoonekwa makore anenge 45.

• Kuona kwakakanganiswa, mavara akadzokorora: ariAstigmatism

Kana iyo cornea yeziso, uye dzimwe nguva lens, yakakanganiswa, ipapo iwo anouya mwenje maranzi anozodzoserwa, kana kutopetwa kaviri. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mufananidzo uri paretina uchave wakashata, zvese zviri pedyo nekure. Avo vanobatwa vanoona kaviri, kazhinji kusviba. Astigmatism inogona kuitika nekuda kwekuremara kwekuzvarwa, ine oval shaped cornea inonzi "rugby ball" pachinzvimbo chekutenderera, kana nekuda kwechirwere chakadai se. keratocone.

Kurapa kweametropia kunoenderana nekwakabva uye maitiro. Tinogona kuedza kushandura miranzi inopinda muziso, tichishandisa magirazi uye lenzi, kana kushanda kushandura chimiro chayo chemukati.

Kushaya kudzivirira

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zveametropia zvakabatana nekukura kwemuviri, saka hapana nzira yekudzivirira yekudzivirira, somuenzaniso, myopia. Izvo zvakakodzera zvinosara, zvevana vadiki, kukurumidza kuona zviratidzo zvekutanga zveametropia kuitira kuti vawane mhinduro.

Magirazi uye lenzi

Mhinduro yakajairika mukurapa kweametropia ndeyekupfeka magirazi kana kuonana lenzi, kuiswa zvakananga pane cornea. Saka, kune myopia, hyperopia, kana presbyopia, kupfeka marenzi ekugadzirisa kunoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa kona yemaranzi emwenje pane inopinza. Izvi ndezvekubhadhara zvikanganiso mucornea kana lens, uye kuve nechokwadi kuti mwaranzi inotarisisa sezvinodiwa paretina, pane kumberi kana kumashure kwayo.

Kuvhiya kurapa

Kunewo kurapa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekuvhiya, chinangwa chekukuvadza kweziso. Pfungwa ndeyekushandura curvature yecornea, kazhinji nekubvisa jira pairi nelaser.

Kuvhiya kukuru kutatu kunotevera

• lasik, inonyanya kushandiswa

Kuvhiya kweLASIK (kwe ” Laser-Inobatsirwa in-situ kuwanza ») inosanganisira kucheka cornea uchishandisa laser kubvisa kukora zvishoma. Izvi zvinoshandura curvature ye cornea uye inobhadhara kukanganisa mu lens.

• PRK, zvimwe zvehunyanzvi

Kushanda kwePRK, photorefractive keratectomy, inoshandisa nzira imwecheteyo seLASIK asi nekubvisa zvidimbu zviduku pamusoro pekona.

• Intro-ocular lenzi

Kufambira mberi mukuvhiyiwa kweziso kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuisa "zvisingagumi" lenses zvakananga pasi pe cornea (iyo inogona kubviswa panguva yekushanda kutsva).