Amoeba iparasite inotenderera yakasununguka munzvimbo uye kunyanya mumvura ine tsvina. Zvimwe zvacho zvinowanda mudumbu remunhu. Kana iyo yakawanda yeamoebae isingakuvadzi, zvimwe ndizvo zvinokonzera dzimwe nguva zvirwere zvakakomba. Isu tinotora stock.

An amoeba imhuka ine sero rimwe chete eukaryotic inorarama iri muboka remarhizopodhi. Sechiyeuchidzo, masero eukaryotic anoratidzwa nekuvapo kweiyo nucleus uye organelles ine genetic material uye yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune yese yesero ne phospholidic membrane.

Amoeba vane pseudopodia, kureva temporary cytoplasmic extensions yekufamba uye kutora mhuka. Zvechokwadi, amoeba ndeye heterotrophic protozoa: inobata zvimwe zvipenyu kuti zvidye ne phagocytosis.

Mazhinji amoeba zvipenyu zvemahara: anogona kunge aripo muzvikamu zvese zvezvakatipoteredza. Vanokoshesa nharaunda dzine mwando, kunyanya mvura inodziya inodziya ine tembiricha inotangira pa25 ° C kusvika 40 ° C. Zvisineyi, kune akati wandei emaamoebae anoita parasitize dumbu remunhu. Yakawanda yeamoeba haisi pathogenic.

Mamwe ma amoebae akaiswa mudumbu revanhu asi mamwe achiwanikwa munzvimbo yedu. Nhamba shoma chete yeamoeba ndiyo pathogenic.

Aya maamoeba anowanzo kuwanikwa muparasitology bvunzo dzechituru. Kuvepo kwavo kunoratidza kusvibiswa kwakabatana nenjodzi yetsvina, asi kazhinji haisi-pathogenic. Pakati pekupedzisira, tinowana amoeba ye genus:

• Entamoeba (hartmanni, coli, polecki, dispar);
• Endolimax nana;
• Iadamoeba (pseudolimax) bütschlii ;
• Dientamoeba fragilis;
• etc.

Amebiasis, meningitis, encephalitis, keratitis, pneumo-bronchitis, nezvimwewo, zvirwere izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa neamoeba kazhinji inowanikwa mumvura kana chikafu chakasvibiswa netsvina. Aya kazhinji akakomba pathologies anoramba ari mashoma. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeanoti intestinal amebiasis, meningoencephalitis naNaegleria Fowleri uye Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Intestinal amibiase (amoebose)

Amebiasis chirwere chakakomba chekugaya uye chiropa chinokonzerwa ne entamoeba histolytica, the only intestinal amoeba of the genus Entamoeba inokwanisa kukanganisa matishu uye inofungidzirwa pathogenic.

Amebiasis ndechimwe chezvirwere zvitatu zvikuru zveparasitic zvinokonzeresa kurwara munyika (mushure memarariya nebilharzia). Amebiasis yakajairika mukati tropical uye intertropical zone. Mafomu ane zviratidzo zvakanyanya anowanikwa kunyanya muIndia, Southeast Asia, Africa uye tropical America.

Infection inonyanya kuitika mu vana uye kunyanya munyika dzine mwero wakaderera wemidziyo yehutsanana hwakabatana (nyika shoma dzakasimukira). Munyika dzakabudirira, zvinonyanya kubata vafambi kubva munzvimbo ine kupararira kwakanyanya kwechirwere.

Kusvibiswa kunoitika nemuromo, nekudya zvokudya kana mvura ine utachiona (michero nemiriwo) kana nemukatimurevereri wemaoko akasvibiswa. Kuparadzira kunoitwa nema cysts anopikisa ari muzvigaro zvinosvibisa mamiriro ekunze.

Kuomarara kwechirwere kunokonzerwa neiyo chaiyo pathogenicity yeparasite uye kugona kwayo kupararira mumatishu, kunyanya chiropa.

Meningoencephalitis inokonzerwa ne Naegleria Fowleri

La meningoencephalitis nekuda kwaNaegleria Fowlerihazviwanzoitiki: kubva muna 1967, pamwe chete, zviitiko zve 196 chete zve meningoencephalitis zvakaonekwa munyika, kwete dzose dzakabatana neamoeba iyi.

Kusvibiswa kunoitika nekufema kwemvura ine tsvina (panguva yekushambira semuenzaniso).

Mvura inopisa inoburitswa zasi kubva pakuisa mumaindasitiri, kunyanya zviteshi zvemagetsi, iri panjodzi. Ziva kuti vana ndivo vanonyanyonangwa neamoeba.

Iyo amoeba inopinda nemunasal mucosa kusvika kuuropi yobva yakura ipapo. Chirwere chinokonzerwa naNaegleria Fowleri chinokonzera kuzvimba kweuropi (meningoencephalitis). Zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezvi:

• musoro;
• kusagadzikana;
• kugwinha;
• kutsumwaira;
• dzimwe nguva kusagadzikana kusina kujairika.

Chirwere chacho chinogona kuuraya kana chikasaonekwa.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Iko kuzvimba kwecornea kunokonzerwa neamoeba Acanthamoeba, inowanzowanikwa muvhu, ivhu uye mvura (zvese mvura yegungwa nemvura yepombi kana iyo yemadziva ekushambira, nezvimwewo). Acanthamoeba inozviratidza mumatunhu maviri: mu trophozoite state uye mune cystic state, iyo yekupedzisira inopokana yakanyanyisa nharaunda kuitira kuti ivimbise kupona kwayo.

Mu80% yezviitiko, chirwere chinokanganisa vanopfeka lens. Chokwadi, iyo yekupedzisira inokonzeresa kushatirwa uye kuganhura mhango umo amoebae inogona kuwanda. Vasara 20% vane hanya nevagari venzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze akaoma.

Inoculation inoitwa nekuisa pane cornea cysts yakaunzwa nemunwe wakasviba, isina kukwana kucheneswa kana kusukwa yekuonana lens, mvura, chinhu chakagomara (shizha rehuswa, kutsetseka kwehuni, nezvimwewo) , mhepo ine huruva, nezvimwe.

Kutanga kweiyi keratitis kunoratidzwa nekunzwa kunorwadza kwemuviri wekunze nekubvarura, uye dzimwe nguva ne photophobia. Kutsvuka kwemaziso, kuderera kwekuona acuity, uye edema yeziso zvinowanzoitika. Kana kurapwa kusati kwatanga nenguva uye / kana kuratidza kusashanda, kufambira mberi kwakadzama kweamoebae kunoenderera nekukuvadzwa kwekamuri yepamberi, ipapo kamuri yekumashure, retina uye pakupedzisira tinoona mune dzakakomba cerebral metastases ingave neiyo hematogenous nzira. kana nekutya nzira (pamwe neoptic nerve).

Kuongororwa kwekiriniki kunofanirwa kugara kuchiwedzerwa nemasampuli kana paine fungidziro yeamoeba.

Intestinal amibiase (amoebose)

Chokutanga pane zvose, kuongororwa kwekliniki kunoisa chiremba munzira yakarurama. Nzira inoshandiswa kusimbisa kuongororwa inoenderana nenzvimbo yehutachiona:

Utachiona hwematumbo

• Chituro microscopic kuongorora uye enzyme immunoassay muchigaro;
• Tsvaga parasite DNA muchituru uye / kana serological bvunzo.

Extra-intestinal infection

• Imaging uye serological bvunzo kana kurapa kwekuyedza kweamebicide.

Meningoencephalitis muNaegleria Fowleri

• Kuongororwa kwepanyama;
• Miedzo yekufungidzira, yakadai seye computed tomography (CT) uye magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), inoitwa kuti ibvise zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehuropi, asi havagoni kusimbisa kuti amoeba inokonzera;
• Lumbar puncture uye cerebrospinal fluid kuongororwa kunosimbisa kuongororwa;
• Humwe hunyanzvi hunogona kuitwa mumarabhoritari ane hunyanzvi uye hunogona kuona maamoebae. Iyi ndiyo nyaya, semuenzaniso, ne biopsy yehuropi tishu.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

• Kuongorora uye tsika yekorneal scrapings;
• Kuongororwa kunosimbiswa nekuongorora iyo yekumusoro biopsy yecornea, yakasvibiswa neGiemsa kana trichrome, uye nekuigadzira mune yakakosha midhiya.

Pathologies inokonzerwa neamoeba inowanzoda kurapwa nekukurumidza kuitira kudzivirira matambudziko. Mishonga yacho inowanzova yemishonga (antiamibiens, antifungals, antibiotics, nezvimwewo) uye dzimwe nguva kuvhiya.

Intestinal amebiasis

Kurapa kunosanganisira kutaridzirwa kwe antiamoebic inopararira uye "contact" antiamoebic. Kudzivirirwa kurwisa amebiasis kunonyanya kuenderana nekushandiswa kwemitemo yehutsanana yega yega uye pamwe chete. Mukushaikwa kwerutsigiro, fungidziro inoramba isina kujeka.

Amebic meningoencephalitis muNaegleria Fowleri

Ichi chirwere chinowanzouraya. Vanachiremba vanowanzoshandisa musanganiswa wemishonga yakawanda, kusanganisira: Miltefosine uye imwe kana kupfuura yemishonga inotevera: amphotericin B, rifampicin, fluconazole kana zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvakadai sevoriconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, azithromycin, nezvimwewo.

Acanthamoeba keratitis

Kurapa kune zvakawanda zvingaita:

• mishonga yemishonga yakadai sepropamidine isethionate (mumadonhwe eziso), hexomedine, itraconazole;
• maitiro ekuvhiya akadai keratoplasty kana cryotherapy.