Anhedonia chiratidzo chinotsanangurwa nekuderera kwekuzvibata mukukwanisa kuwana mafaro, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nezviitiko zvakafanana zvaionekwa sezvinofadza munguva yakapfuura. Anhedonia chiratidzo chakajairika chekuora mwoyo pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinetso zvehutano hwepfungwa. Pakazara, anhedonia inoramba iri chiratidzo chakaoma kurapa, uye mutsara wekutanga kurapa zvinodhaka hauwanzo kukwana kuigadzirisa.

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Anhedonia chiratidzo chinotsanangurwa nekudzikira kwemukati mukukwanisa kunzwa kunakidzwa, kunyanya kana ichienzaniswa nezviitiko zvakafanana zvakaonekwa sezvinofadza munguva yakapfuura. Ndiyo French psychologist Théodule Ribot akagadzira, muna 1896, neologism "anhédonie" kubva muchiGiriki "a", "pasina" uye "hêdonê", "mufaro". Icho chiratidzo chakajairika chekuora mwoyo pamwe chete nezvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa.

Anhedonia chiratidzo chinofambira mberi. Izvo zvinoenderana nepfungwa yekunakidzwa, iyo inosanganisira akawanda mapoka uye madhigirii akasiyana, anogona kutsanangurwa uye kuverengerwa. Saka, kufanana nepfungwa yekunakidzwa, anhedonia inogona kuzviratidza nenzira dzakawanda:

• Physical anhedonia (Physical anhedonia) inoreva kuderera kwekugona kuwana mafaro paunenge uchiita zvinhu zvemuviri zvakaita sekudya, kubata, uye kuita bonde;
• Social anhedonia inoreva kudzikira kwekugona kuwana mufaro mukudyidzana nezvimwe zvipenyu zvakaita sekutaura nekubatana neshamwari nemhuri.

Zvisinei, pfungwa yemafaro yakaoma uye inosanganisira, kuwedzera kune kuzviisa pasi kwemufaro unowanikwa, zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana: kusimbiswa kwakanaka, chido uye kukurudzira, kugona kwekuziva kutarisira kubatsira kwemaitiro, kugadzirisa mubairo uye kuyeuka kwemaitiro. kusangana nekunakidzwa. Iyi data nyowani munguva pfupi yapfuura yakatungamira kune kutsanangurwa kwezvikamu zviviri zvitsva zveanhedonia:

• Kushandisa anhedonia kana kupedza anhedonia - kukoshesa zvaunoita;
• Kukurudzira anhedonia kana kutarisira anhedonia - kuda kuita.

Nzira yekuziva anhedonia

Zviratidzo zvekutanga zve anhedonia zvinowanzoonekwa:

• Unhu husina hanya hwevarwere kumagariro evanhu;
• Kusavapo kwemanzwiro;
• Kupera kwerudo kumhuri neshamwari;
• Kurasikirwa nekugutsikana mumabasa akasiyana-siyana.

Kuti uongorore anhedonia, maitiro maviri anofanira kusangana:

• Munhu anozivisa kuderera kwekunakidzwa panguva yekudzidzira kwezvimwe zviitiko, zvemuviri uye / kana zvemagariro;
• Munhu wacho akawana mufaro, kana mufaro wakawanda kupfuura iye zvino, kubva mumabasa aya.

Kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvepfungwa kana zvemuviri zviripo, anhedonia inogona kufungidzirwa sechiratidzo chechirwere chechimiro chekutanga, chakafanana nekuora mwoyo kana schizophrenia.

Zvinhu zvinotyisa

Zvinhu zvine njodzi zvinogona kukonzera anhedonia ndezvizvi:

• The Depression;
• Schizophrenia;
• Kutsamira pazvinodhaka (vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka);
• Kuzvidya mwoyo;
• Zviitiko zvine chekuita nekuzviuraya;
• Post-traumatic stress disorder;
• Autism spectrum disorder;
• Chirwere chePasinson;
• Kurohwa;
• Zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaperi.

Shanduko yemubairo uye mafaro maseketi

Kufambira mberi mune neuroscience kwakashandura manzwisisiro edu emaitiro akabatana nemubairo uye mafaro maseketi. Parizvino, kiriniki-biological yekuvaka yeanhedonia inowirirana zvakanyanya nemafungiro ekuongorora mubairo, kuita sarudzo, kutarisira uye kukurudzira. Aya akasiyana maitiro ekuziva anotsigirwa neural maseketi anonyanya kuwanikwa padanho reventral striatum uye prefrontal cortical matunhu.

Kuchinja kweiyo dopaminergic system

Pamusoro pehuropi, vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti mamiriro acho anokonzerwa nekushandurwa mu dopaminergic system, nzira iyo dopamine - kemikari inowanikwa muuropi - inobudisa manzwiro ekunakidzwa uye kugutsikana. Yakashandurwa, iyi sisitimu yaizove isingachakwanise kuburitsa mafaro, kugutsikana uye kugara zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekuora mwoyo, schizophrenia uye nguva yekuregera kune vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka.

Nzira dzakasiyana dzetsinga dzinobatanidzwa

Zvinyorwa zvepreclinical zvinotsanangura hukama pakati pekudya anhedonia uye kukurudzira anhedonia se "kuravira" uye "chido", zvichiteerana. Zvinyorwa zvepreclinical zvinoratidzawo kuti izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvemafaro zvinosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana dzeurourobiological. Mishonga anhedonia, iyo inoreva "kuravira" kushomeka, pamwe inosanganisira shanduko mukushanda kweopioid. Kukurudzira anhedonia, kune rumwe rutivi, iyo inoreva "kuperevedza" kwekuda, zvichida kunosanganisira kuchinja mu dopamine basa. Tsvakurudzo yeramangwana inofanira kuona kuti maitiro eanhedonia anosiyana sei, kana kuti kwete, kubva kune imwe chirwere ichienda kune imwe.

Complex physiological process

Chidzidzo che2005 chakaratidza kuti vanhu vane anhedonia vaive nehuropi hwekuyerera kweropa maitiro akafanana neanodzora mukupindura kune aversive stimuli, asi akasiyana nekutonga mukupindura kunowedzera kukurudzira. Zvidzidzo zvakadaro zvinowedzera kukukura kwedzidziso yeanhedonia, kutsigira pfungwa yekuti anhedonia inoreva kuperevedza kwakananga mukukwanisa kuwana mafaro uye hazvireve kukanganisa kugona kunzwa kurwadziwa kana kusuruvara. .

Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka

Muchiitiko chekurasikirwa nechido chepabonde, anhedonia inogona kukonzerwa nekutora mamwe antidepressants kana nemishonga yeschizophrenia - antipsychotics - nemimwe mishonga - yakadai sebenzodiazepines uye zvinokurudzira.

Kurasikirwa nemafungiro akanaka

Anhedonia haisi nguva dzose dambudziko-dema-ne-white. Kunyange zvazvo murwere angave achiri kunakidzwa nekudya chokoreti ice cream kana kuteerera jazz, haachazowana mufaro wakafanana kana manzwiro akafanana akanaka paanenge achidzidzira mabasa aya, asingakwanise kuzvitsanangura.

Kusiyanana nevamwe

Anhedonia inoita kuti hukama, kusanganisira ihwo hune shamwari nemhuri, huve hwakaoma uye hunogona kutungamirira mukuzviparadzanisa uye kushungurudzika kwevanhu. Kana mubairo wemafaro wapera, zvakaoma kuzvikurudzira kupedza nguva nevamwe. Hukama hunobudirira pamhinduro dzakanaka zvakare, uye pasina iyo, dzinogona kupera.

Kurasikirwa kwe libido

Anhedonia inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwe libido uye kukanganisa hukama hwepabonde.

kuzvisungirira

Anhedonia inoonekwa senjodzi yekuzviuraya kune varwere vane hombe yekunetsekana.

Kurapa anhedonia, hongu, unofanira kutarisa chikonzero. Saka zvakakosha kuongorora chirwere chinokonzera chiratidzo chakadai sekuora mwoyo, schizophrenia, humwe hutano hwehutano, post-traumatic stress syndrome kana kusagadzikana kunowanikwa mukushandisa zvinodhaka.

Kune mamiriro ezvinhu apo kurapwa kwezvinodhaka kunoratidzika sechikonzero, anhedonia inogona kurapwa nekushandura dose, kumisa mushonga unogumbura, kana kuchinja mararamiro ekurapa.

Nekuora mwoyo, vanhu vane antidepressants - selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) - vanogona kuona kuti anhedonia inovandudza pamwe chete nezvimwe zviratidzo zvavo zvekuora mwoyo, asi izvi hazvisi nguva dzose. Dzimwe nguva mishonga iyi inorerutsa manzwiro uye inoita kuti dambudziko riwedzere.

Masayendisiti ari kushanda pakurapa kutsva. Ketamine, mushonga wepfungwa unoshandiswa seanotindivadza uye unopedza kuora mwoyo muUnited States, unoratidzika kuva mushonga unovimbisa.

Kakawanda, anhedonia inoramba iri chiratidzo chakaoma kurapa, uye mutsara wekutanga wemishonga yemishonga haisi nguva dzose yakakwana kuigadzirisa.

Imwe tsvagiridzo iri kutarisawo kurapwa kunoenderana nekugadziridzwa kwekukanganisa kwekuziva - chokwadi kukanganisa - kunokonzerwa nekukurudzira anhedonia. Kurapa uku kunosanganisira kurapa kwemaitiro uye kuziva. Chinangwa ndechekubatsira munhu kuti aone nzira dzakatangira matambudziko ake uye kutora maitiro matsva kuitira kuti akwanise kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mukutambura kwake kwepfungwa.

Pakupedzisira, mamwe matipi anogona kubatsira kuderedza chiratidzo che anhedonia:

• Famba muzvisikwa, munzvimbo dzehudiki dzakazadzwa nendangariro dzinofadza;
• Remekedza kurara kwako, nehusiku hunosvika maawa masere,
• Tora kudya kunovaka muviri, kunyanya michero;
• Dzidzira mutambo nguva dzose;
• Uye zvizhinji zvakare